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Events

Births

Deaths

Events

★ January — Robert de Grantmesnil, his nephew Berengar, half-sister Judith (future wife of Roger I of Sicily), and eleven monks of Saint-Evroul-sur-Ouche are banished from Normandy and head to the Mezzogiorno

★ Normans conquer Messina in Sicily

★ October 1 — Pope Alexander II succeeds Pope Nicholas II as the 156th pope.

★ Erection of the Speyer Cathedral in Speyer, Germany, begins.

★ Vratislav II became duke of Bohemia

★ Most of West Frisia (later known as Holland) is conquered by imperial German armies and given to the bishop of Utrecht.

★ Estonians destroy the castle of Yuryev in Tartu and carrie out raids in the Pskov region in Russia.

Births

Deaths

★ January 28 — Duke Spytihněv II of Bohemia (b. 1031)

★ July 18 (or July 27) — Pope Nicholas II