1143

Contents

Events

Births

Deaths

Events

★ Manuel I Comnenus becomes Byzantine Emperor.

★ September 26 — Pope Celestine II succeeds Pope Innocent II as the 165th pope.

★ October 5 — Portugal is recognized by the Kingdom of Leon as an independent kingdom (Treaty of Zamora) although it had acted like one since the battle of June 24 of 1128 (Battle of São Mamede).

★ Robert of Ketton makes the first European translation of the Qur'an, into Latin.

★ The exploration of the uncharted eastern parts of Germany begins and results in the founding of cities such as Lübeck.

★ Baldwin III crowned King of Jerusalem, succeeding his father Fulk.

Births

★ July 31 — Emperor Nijō of Japan (d. 1165)

★ Pope Gregory IX (d. 1241)

★ King William I of Scotland (d. 1214)

Deaths

★ April 8 — John II Comnenus, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1087)

★ September 24 — Agnes of Germany, daughter of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1072)

★ September 24 — Pope Innocent II

★ November 13 — King Fulk of Jerusalem, Count of Anjou (b. between 1089 and 1092)

★ Hugh II, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1084)

★ William of Malmesbury, English historian (b. 1080)

★ Zamakhshari, Persian scholar (b. 1070)

★ December 12 — Kogyo-Daishi, restored Shingon Buddhism in Japan (b. 1095)