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:''For the computer virus, see 1260 (computer virus).''

'Years:' 1257 1258 1259 - 1260 - 1261 1262 1263

'Decades:' 1230s 1240s 1250s - '1260s' - 1270s 1280s 1290s

'Centuries:' 12th century - '13th century' - 14th century

Contents

Events

Europe

War and politics

Culture

Asia

Africa

Births

Deaths

Events

Europe

War and politics

★ September 4 - The Sienese Ghibellines, supported by the forces of King Manfred of Sicily, defeats the Florentine Guelphs at Montaperti.

★ King Otakar II of Bohemia captures Styria from King Bela IV of Hungary in the Battle of Kressenbrunn.

★ The Baltic Samogitians and Curonians defeat the Teutonic knights in the Battle of Durbe.

★ The Duchy of Saxony is divided into Saxony-Lauenberg and Saxony-Wittenberg, marking the end of the first Saxon state.

★ War breaks out in the Valais (today in Switzerland) as the Bishopry of Sion defends against an invasion by the County of Savoy.

Culture

★ October 24 - The spectacular Cathedral of Chartres is dedicated in the presence of King Louis IX of France; the cathedral is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

★ Construction on the Dunkeld Cathedral begins in Perthshire, Scotland.

★ Construction begins on the cathedral at Meißen.

★ Construction begins on the cathedral at Schwerin.

★ Jacobus de Voragine compiles his work, the ''Golden Legend'', a late medieval best-seller.

★ Nicola Pisano sculpts the pulpit of the Pisa Baptistery.

★ German musical theorist Franco of Cologne publishes ''Ars Cantus Mensurabilis'', in which he advances a new theory of musical notation in which the length of a musical note is denoted by the shape of that note, a system still used today.

★ The mosaic ''Christ between the Virgin and St Minias'' is made on the facade of Florence's Basilica di San Miniato al Monte.

Asia

★ May 5 - Kublai Khan becomes ruler of the Mongol Empire.

★ September 3 - The Mamluks defeat the Mongols at the Battle of Ain Jalut in Palestine, marking their first decisive defeat and the point of maximum expansion of the Mongol Empire.

★ The Sena Dynasty of Bengal falls.

★ The Chinese era ''Jingding'' begins and ends in the Northern Song Dynasty of China.

★ The Japanese Shōgen era ends, and the Bun'ō era begins.

★ The Hindu Silharya Dynasty, which ruled an area around Mumbai, ends.

★ The newly formed Sukhothai kingdom of Thailand adopts Theravada Buddhism.

Africa

★ October 24 - Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt, is assassinated by Baibars, who seizes power for himself.

Births

★ Henry de Cobham, 1st Baron Cobham (died 1339)

★ Matthew Csák, ruler of the Váh and the Tatras regions in present-day Slovakia (died 1321)

★ Meister Eckhart, German theologian, philosopher and mystic (died 1328)

★ Agnes of France, only daughter of Louis VII of France by his third wife Adèle of Champagne (died 1240)

★ Andronicus II Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (died 1332)

★ Enguerrand de Marigny, minister to King Philip IV of France

★ Guillaume de Nogaret, keeper of the seal to King Philip IV of France (year very uncertain) (died 1313)

★ Maximus Planudes, Byzantine grammarian and theologian (approximate date; died 1330)

★ Farsi, Persian mathematician and physicist (died 1320)

Deaths

★ October 24 - Saif ad-Din Qutuz, Mamluk sultan of Egypt

★ Franciscus Accursius, Italian jurist (approximate date)

★ Matilda II of Bologne, sovereign Countess of Bologne

★ Aymer de Valence, Bishop of Winchester