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Year '1638' (MDCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).

Contents

Events of 1638

January - June

July - December

Undated

Births

Deaths

Events of 1638

January - June

★ February 28 - signing of Scottish National Covenant in Edinburgh.

★ March 5 - The Treaty of Hamburg is signed by France and Sweden.

★ March 29 - Swedish arrive on the ships ''Kalmare Nyckel'' and ''Fågel Grip'' to America to establish first settlement in Delaware, called New Sweden.

★ April 15 - Shogunate forces defeat the last rebels of Shimabara Rebellion in the fortress of Hara.

July - December

★ October 21 - Great thunderstorm in Widecombe-in-the-Moor, England.

★ November - General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is summoned to Glasgow by King Charles I of England.

Undated

★ Covenanters meet at Muchalls Castle to compose responses to the Bishops of Aberdeen.

★ Dutch settle in Ceylon.

★ Pedro Teixeira makes the first ascent of the Amazon River, from its mouth to Quito, Ecuador. The same trip had been made in the opposite direction in 1541.

★ Willem Kieft, Dutch merchant, appointed Director of New Amsterdam by the Dutch West India Company.

★ The Netherlands colonizes Mauritius.

★ Shipwrecked sailors from England found the first known European settlement in Belize.

★ The Finnish postal service, Suomen Posti, is founded.

★ New Haven, the first planned city in America, founded.

Births

★ January 1 - Emperor Go-Sai (died 1685)

★ January 24 - Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet and courtier (died 1706)

★ March 14 - Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic (died 1710)

★ March 15 - Shunzhi Emperor of China (died c.1661)

★ March 23 - Frederik Ruysch, Dutch physician and anatomist (died 1731)

★ May 6 - Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell, First Lord of the British Admiralty (died 1696)

★ May 13 - Richard Simon, French Biblical critic (died 1712)

★ July 10 - David Teniers III, Flemish painter (died 1685)

★ August 6 - Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (died 1715)

★ September 5 - King Louis XIV of France (died 1715)

★ September 10 - Maria Theresa of Spain, wife of Louis XIV of France (died 1683)

★ November 25 - Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II of England (died 1705)
: ''See also .''

Deaths

★ January 21 - Ignazio Donati, Italian composer (born c.1570)

★ January 27 - Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses, Spanish novelist (born c.1585)

★ February 26 - Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician (born 1581)

★ April 7 - Shimazu Tadatsune, Japanese ruler of Satsuma (born 1576)

★ April 13 - Henri, duc de Rohan, French Huguenot leader (born 1579)

★ May 6 - Cornelius Jansen, French bishop and religious reformer (born 1585)

★ June 25 - Juan Pérez de Montalbán, Spanish writer (born 1602)

★ September 14 - John Harvard, American clergyman (born 1607)

★ November 9 - Johann Heinrich Alsted, German theologian (born 1588)

★ November 11 - Cornelis Corneliszoon van Haarlem, Dutch painter (born 1562)

★ December 8 - Ivan Gundulić, Croatian poet (born 1589)

★ ''date unknown'' - Pietro Paolo Floriani, architect (born 1585)
: ''See also .''