1650S

Contents

Significant Events and Trends

World Leaders

Significant Events and Trends

★ Cape Town founded by the Dutch East India Company in South Africa.

★ Anglo-Dutch Wars begin.

★ Oliver Cromwell takes over England during an interregnum

★ Massacre of the Waldensians in 1655 by troops of Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy prompting John Milton's sonnet "''On the Late Massacre in Piedmont''".

★ 1658: After his father Shah Jahan completes the Taj Mahal, his son Aurangzeb deposes him as ruler of the Mughal Empire.

★ Origin of Quakers

★ The Northern Wars cement Sweden's rise as a Great Power.

World Leaders

★ King Louis XIV of France (1643 - 1715).

★ King Frederick III of Denmark (1648 - 1670).

★ Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1653 - 1658).

★ Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1658 - 1659).

★ Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637 - 1657).

★ Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1658 - 1705).

★ King John II of Poland (1649 - 1668).

★ King John IV of Portugal (1640 - 1656).

★ King Afonso VI of Portugal (1656 - 1667).

★ Tsar Aleksey I of Russia (1645 - 1676).

★ King Philip IV of Spain (1621 - 1665).

★ Queen Christina of Sweden (1632 - 1654).

★ King Charles X of Sweden (1654 - 1660).