16 CYGNI
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'16 Cygni' (abbreviated 16 Cyg) is a triple star system located around 70 light-years away in the constellation Cygnus. It consists of two Sun-like yellow dwarf stars and a red dwarf. In 1996 an extrasolar planet was discovered in an eccentric orbit around the sunlike star 16 Cygni B.
| Contents |
| Distance |
| System components |
| Planetary system |
| References |
| External links |
Distance
The parallax of the two brightest stars were measured as part of the Hipparcos astrometry mission. This yielded a parallax of 46.25 milliarcseconds for 16 Cygni A[1] and 46.70 milliarcseconds for 16 Cygni B.[2] Since the two components are associated, it is reasonable to assume they lie at the same distance, so the different parallaxes are a result of experimental error (indeed, when the associated parallax errors are taken into account, the ranges of the parallaxes overlap). Using the parallax of the A component, the distance is 21.6 parsecs. The parallax of the B component corresponds to a distance of 21.4 parsecs.
System components
16 Cygni is a hierarchial triple system. Stars A and C form a close binary with a projected separation of 73 AU.[3] The orbital elements of the A-C binary are currently unknown. At a distance of 860 AU from A is a third component designated 16 Cygni B. The orbit of B relative to the A-C pair is not well determined: plausible orbits range in period from 18,200 to 1.3 million years, with a semimajor axis ranging from 877 to 15,180 AU.[4]
Both 16 Cygni A and 16 Cygni B are yellow dwarf stars like our Sun. According to data from the Geneva-Copenhagen survey, both stars have masses similar to the sun.[5][6] Age estimates for the two stars vary slightly, but 16 Cygni is likely to be much older than our solar system, at around 10,000 million years old. 16 Cygni C is much fainter than either of these stars, and may be a red dwarf.3
| 16 Cyg A | 16 Cyg B | 16 Cyg C | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 'Characteristics' | |||
| 'Spectral type' | G1.5Vb | G2.5Vb | M? |
| 'B-V color index' | 0.64 | 0.66 | ? |
| 'U-B color index' | 0.19 | 0.20 | ? |
| 'Variable type' | none | none | ? |
| 'Details' | |||
| 'Mass' (''M''☉) | 1.02 | 0.97 | ? |
| 'Radius' (''R''☉) | 1.4 | 1.2 | ? |
| 'Luminosity' (''L''☉) | 1.6 | 1.3 | ? |
| 'Temperature' (K) | 5825 | 5640 | ? |
| 'Metallicity' | 114% | 123% | ? |
| 'Rotation' (days) | 26.9 | 29.1 | ? |
| 'Age' (years) | 10.4 × 109 | 9.9 × 109 | ? |
Planetary system
In 1996 an extrasolar planet in an eccentric orbit was announced around the star 16 Cygni B.[7] The planet's orbit takes 798.5 days to complete, with a semimajor axis of 1.68 AU.[8] Like the majority of known extrasolar planets, 16 Cygni Bb was detected by measuring the radial velocity of its parent star, which only gives a lower limit on the mass: in this case, about 1.68 times that of Jupiter.
References
1. HIP 96895
2. HIP 96901
3. Raghavan, D. et al. (2006) "Two Suns in The Sky: Stellar Multiplicity in Exoplanet Systems" (preprint)
4. The Orbit of 16 Cygni AB, Hauser, H., Marcy, G., , , Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 1999
5. Record 13627 Nordstrom et al.
6. Record 13631 Nordstrom et al.
7. The Discovery of a Planetary Companion to 16 Cygni B, Cochran et al., , , The Astrophysical Journal, 1997
8. Catalog of Nearby Exoplanets, Butler, R. et al., , , The Astrophysical Journal, 2006 (web version)
External links
★ 'SIMBAD': 16 Cyg A
★ 'SIMBAD': 16 Cyg B
★ 'SIMBAD': 16 Cyg C
★ 'Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia': 16 Cyg Bb
★ 'Extrasolar Visions': 16 Cygni B
★ 'Extrasolar Visions': 16 Cygni Bb
★ 16 Cygni-B by Professor Jim Kaler.
★ 16 Cygni 2? at SolStation.
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