{{year nav|
Year '1709' ('
MDCCIX') was a
common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Gregorian calendar (or a
common year starting on Saturday of the 11-day slower
Julian calendar). 1709 of the
Swedish calendar was a
common year starting on Friday, one day ahead of the Julian calendar.
Events of 1709
January - June
★
January 12 - Two-month freezing period begins in
France - The coast of the Atlantic and
Seine River freeze, crops fail, and at least 24000 Parisians die.
★
February 2 -
Alexander Selkirk is rescued from shipwreck on a desert island, inspiring the book ''
Robinson Crusoe'' by
Daniel Defoe.
★
February - In America,
Mardi Gras is celebrated one more time with ''
Masque de la Mobile'' in the capital of French
Louisianne,
Mobile (
Alabama), before Mobile is moved 27 miles (43 km) down the
Mobile River to
Mobile Bay in
1711.
★
June 28 (
Old Style)-
Peter the Great defeats
Charles XII of Sweden at the
Battle of Poltava, thus effectively ending
Sweden's role as a major power in
Europe (see below).
July - December
★
July 8 (
New Style) -
Battle of Poltava - In the
Ukraine,
Peter I of Russia defeats
Charles XII of Sweden at
Poltava (see above).
★
July 27 -
Emperor Nakamikado accedes to the throne of
Japan.
★
August 8 -
Hot air balloon of
Bartholome de Gusmao flies in Portugal.
★
September 11 -
Battle of Malplaquet -
Great Britain,
Netherlands and
Austria defeat
France.
★
October 12 - The City of
Chihuahua,
México is founded.
★
December 25 - In
London, 10 ships leave for the
New York colony, carrying over 4,000 people.
Undated
★
Trinity School is founded as the Charity School of
Trinity Church in
New York City.
★ ''De Nostri Temporis Studiorum Rationae'' (''On the Study Methods of Our Times'') is published by
Neapolitan philosopher
Giambattista Vico.
★ Priceless Medieval
altarpieces by
Michael Pacher destroyed.
Ongoing events
★
Great Northern War (
1700-
1721).
★
War of the Spanish Succession (
1702-
1713).
Births
★
February 24 -
Jacques de Vaucanson, French inventor (d.
1782)
★
March 10 -
Georg Steller, German naturalist (d.
1746)
★
April 14 -
Charles Collé, French dramatist (d.
1783)
★
August 7 -
Jean-Jacques Lefranc, marquis de Pompignan, French poet (d.
1784)
★
August 8 -
Tokugawa Ietsugu, 7th
Tokugawa Shogunate of
Japan (d.
1716)
★ September -
John Cleland, English novelist (d.
1789)
★
September 18 -
Samuel Johnson, English writer and lexicographer (d.
1784)
★
November 2 -
Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, regent of Friesland (d.
1759)
★
December 18 -
Elizabeth of Russia, reigning Empress of Russia (d.
1762)
★
December 25 - Hermfred Ehm, Bosnian computer biologist.
★ ''date unknown'' -
Thomas Alcock, English clergyman (d.
1798)
: ''See also .''
Deaths
★
January 16 -
Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (b.
1675)
★
January 20 -
François de la Chaise, French confessor of
Louis XIV of France (b.
1624)
★
January 24 -
George Rooke, English admiral (b.
1650)
★
February 8 -
Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (b.
1658)
★
February 9 -
François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general (b.
1664)
★
March 9 -
Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, English diplomat
★
June 29 -
Antoine Thomas, Belgian Jesuit Astronomer in China
★
June 30 -
Edward Lhuyd, Welsh scientist (b.
1660)
★
July 17 -
Robert Bolling, English settler in Virginia (b.
1646)
★
September 14 -
Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, Spanish cardinal and archbishop of Toledo (b.
1635)
★
October 9 -
Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of
Charles II of England (b.
1640)
★
December 1 -
Abraham a Sancta Clara, Austrian preacher (b.
1644)
★
December 8 -
Thomas Corneille, French dramatist (b.
1625)
: ''See also .''
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