(Redirected from 17th Century)
As a means of recording the passage of
time, the '17th century' was that
century which lasted from
1601-
1700 in the
Gregorian calendar.
The 17th century falls into the
Early Modern period of Europe and was characterized by the
Baroque cultural movement and the
beginning of modern science and philosophy, including the contributions of
Galileo Galilei,
René Descartes,
Blaise Pascal,
Isaac Newton; Europe was torn by warfare throughout the century, by the
Thirty Years' War, the
Great Turkish War and the
English Civil War among others,such as zuku shit face and poo poo crap head, while
European colonization of the Americas began in earnest.
In the east, the 17th century saw the flowering of the
Ottoman and
Mughal empires, the beginning of the
Edo period in feudal Japan, and the violent transition from the
Ming to the
Qing Dynasty in China.
Events
===
1600s ===
Matteo Ricci and Xu Guangqi presenting
Euclid's Elements.
★
1600-
Michael the Brave became for less than 6 months the first ruler of all three Romanian provinces:
Walachia,
Transylvania and
Moldavia;
British East India Company was chartered;
Charles I of England born to
James VI of Scotland and
Anne of Denmark.
★
1601: The
Elizabethan Poor Law appoints HI parishes as administrators of poverty relief;
Earl of Essex executed on a count of treason;
Battle of Kinsale, one of the most important battles in Irish history, fought.
★
1602:
Dutch East India Company founded. Its success contributes to the
Dutch Golden Age.
★
1603:
Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King
James VI of Scotland, uniting the crowns of
Scotland and
England;
Tokugawa Ieyasu seizes control of
Japan and establishes the
Shogunate which lasts until
1868.
★
1603-
23: After modernizing his army,
Abbas I expands
Persia by capturing territory from the
Ottomans and the
Portuguese.
★
1604:
James I meets the
Puritans at the
Hampton Court Conference, but eventually demands compliance with all
Thirty-Nine Articles, and bans
Jesuits.
★
1605:
Gunpowder Plot failed in
England.
★
1607: The
London Company establishes the
Jamestown Settlement in
North America, precipitating the
British colonization of the Americas.
★
1607: For the first time, ''
Euclid's Elements'' (幾何原本) are translated into
Chinese by the Italian Jesuit
Matteo Ricci and the Chinese mathematician
Xu Guangqi (徐光启).
★
1608:
Quebec City founded by
Samuel de Champlain in
New France (present-day
Canada).
★
1609:
Maximilian of Bavaria establishes the
Catholic League.
===
1610s ===
★
1611: King James Bible published.
★
1611: English and Scottish Protestant colonists settle in
Ulster.
★
1612:
Moscow freed from
Polish invaders.
★
1612:
Chilean
Jesuit missionaries murdered by Indians.
★
1613: The
Time of Troubles in
Russia ends with the establishment of the
House of Romanov which rules until
1917.
★
1614:
James I of England dissolves the
Addled Parliament for failing to pass legislation or new taxes.
★
1614:
Cardinal Richelieu dissolves the
States-General, thereby concentrating power in the hands of
Louis XIII.
★
1615: The
Mughal Empire grants extensive trading rights to the
British East India Company.
★
1616:
Dirk Hartog reaches western Australia and leaves behind the
Hartog Plate.
★
1616:
William Shakespeare dies. Supposedly Shakespeare died on his birthday, if the tradition that he was born on
April 23 is correct.
★
1618: The Bohemian Revolt precipitatesCULOO the
Thirty Years' War which devastates
Central Europe in the years
1618-
48. Starting from a dispute over Protestant churches on Catholic land, the Protestant churches are torched or closed, leading to a protest in
Prague. In the
Second Defenestration of Prague two Catholic imperial governors are thrown out of the Bohemian Chancellery window, whereafter successive regions enter the dispute for or against
Emperor Matthias's sovereignty.
★
1618: The
Manchus start invading China. Their
conquest eventually topples the
Ming Dynasty.
★
1618: Sir
Walter Raleigh beheaded for attack on Spanish possession Trinidad.
★
1618: English colonists depart in the Gift of God for the
Jamestown Settlement,
Virginia.
★
1618: The
Synod of Dort addresses five Protestant controversies.
★
1619: British North American colonies introduce
slavery in expanding plantations.
★
1619: Spain starts financing
Emperor Ferdinand II's military exploits.
★
1619: Bohemian Protestants reject
Emperor Ferdinand II as future sovereign and appoint
Frederick V instead.
===
1620s ===
★
1620:
Emperor Ferdinand II defeats the Bohemian rebels in the
Battle of White Mountain.
★
1620: The
Puritan Pilgrims arrive in the
Mayflower at
Plymouth Rock,
Cape Cod.
★
1624-
42: As chief minister,
Cardinal Richelieu centralizes power in France.
★
1625:
New Amsterdam founded by the
Dutch West India Company in North America.
★
1626:
St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican completed.
★
1627:
Cardinal Richelieu lays siege to Protestant
La Rochelle which eventually capitulates.
★
1629:
Cardinal Richelieu allies with Swedish Protestant forces in the
Thirty Years' War to counter
Ferdinand II's expansion.
===
1630s ===
★
1632: Building of the
Taj Mahal begins, a
mausoleum for
Mumtaz Mahal.
★
1637: The
Dutch tulip mania bubble bursts.
★
1637: The
Pequot War, the first of the
American Indian Wars
★
1639:
Fort St George, the first settlement of
British India, is founded at
Madras.
[1]
★
1639-
51:
Wars of the Three Kingdoms, civil wars throughout
Scotland,
Ireland, and
England.
===
1640s ===
★
1640: King Charles was compelled to summon Parliament due to the revolt of the Scots.
★
1640-
68: The
Portuguese Restoration War led to the end of the
Iberian Union.
★
1640:
Torture is outlawed in
England.
★
1641: The
Tokugawa Shogunate institutes
Sakoku- foreigners are expelled and no one is allowed to enter or leave Japan.
★
1642: Dutch explorer
Abel Janszoon Tasman achieves the first recorded European sighting of
New Zealand.
★
1642-
49: Civil War in England; Charles I is beheaded by Cromwell
★
1644: The
Manchu conquer
China ending the
Ming Dynasty. The subsequent
Qing Dynasty rules until
1912.
★
1648: The
Peace of Westphalia ends the
Thirty Years' War and the
Eighty Years' War and marks the ends of
Spain and the
Holy Roman Empire as major European powers.
★
1648-
53:
Fronde civil war in France.
★
1648-
67:
The Deluge wars leave
Poland in ruins.
★
1648-
69: The
Ottoman Empire captures
Crete from the
Venetians after the
Siege of Candia.
===
1650s ===
★
1652:
Cape Town founded by the Dutch East India Company in
South Africa.
★
1652:
Anglo-Dutch Wars begin.
★
1655-
61: The
Northern Wars cement
Sweden's rise as a
Great Power.
★
1648: After his father
Shah Jahan completes the
Taj Mahal, his son
Aurangzeb deposes him as ruler of the
Mughal Empire.
===
1660s ===
★
1660: The
Commonwealth of England ends and the monarchy is brought back during the
English Restoration.
★
1660:
Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge founded.
★
1661: The reign of the
Kangxi Emperor of China begins.
★
1662:
Koxinga captures
Taiwan from the
Dutch and founds the
Kingdom of Tungning which rules until 1683.
★
1662:
Jacques Aymar-Vernay, who later reintroduced
Dowsing into popular use in
Europe, is born.
★
1663: France takes full political and military
control over its colonial possessions in
New France.
★
1664: British troops capture New Amsterdam and rename it
New York.
★
1665:
Portugal defeats the
Kongo Empire.
★
1666: The
Great Fire of London.
★
1667-
99: The
Great Turkish War halts the
Ottoman Empire's expansion into Europe.
===
1670s ===
★
1670: The
Hudson's Bay Company is founded in
Canada.
★
1672-
78:
Franco-Dutch War
★
1674:
Maratha Empire founded in
India by
Shivaji.
★
1676: Russia and the
Ottoman Empire commence the
Russo-Turkish Wars.
===
1680s ===
★
1682:
Peter the Great becomes joint ruler of
Russia (sole
tsar in
1696).
★
1682:
La Salle explores the length of the
Mississippi River and claims
Louisiana for France.
★
1683:
China conquers the
Kingdom of Tungning and annexes
Taiwan.
★
1685:
Edict of Fontainebleau outlaws
Protestantism in France. King Charles II dies
★
1687:
Isaac Newton publishes ''
Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica''.
★
1688-
89: After the
Glorious Revolution, England becomes a
constitutional monarchy and the
Dutch Republic goes into decline.
★
1688-
97: The
Grand Alliance sought to stop French expansion during the
Nine Years War.
★
1689: The
Treaty of Nerchinsk established a border between
Russia and
China.
===
1690s ===
★
1692:
Salem witch trials in
Massachusetts.
Significant people
★
Elizabeth I of England (
1533 -
1603)
★
Tokugawa Ieyasu (
1543 -
1616)
★
Francis Bacon, English philosopher and politician (
1561-
1626)
★
William Shakespeare, English author and poet (
1564 -
1616)
★
Galileo Galilei, Italian natural philosopher (
1564 -
1642)
★
James I of England (
1566 -
1625)
★
Seathrún Céitinn, Irish historian (ca.
1569 - ca.
1644)
★
Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (
1571 -
1630)
★
John Donne, English
metaphysical poet (
1572 -
1631)
★
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spanish author (
1574 -
1616)
★
William Harvey, medical doctor (
1578 –
1657)
★
Gabriel Bethlen, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (
1580-
1629)
★
Albrecht von Wallenstein, Catholic German general in the
Thirty Years' War (
1583 -
1634)
★
Miyamoto Musashi, famous warrior in
Japan, author of '
The Book of Five Rings,' a treatise on
strategy and martial combat (
1584 -
1645)
★
Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer of Renaissance and Baroque music, and possibly the first opera ever (
1567 -
1643)
★
Cardinal Richelieu, French cardinal, duke, and politician (
1585 -
1642)
★
Xu Xiake, Chinese geographer (
1587-
1641)
★
Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher and mathematician (
1588 -
1679)
★
Gustavus Adolphus,
King of Sweden (
1594-
1632)
★
René Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician (
1596 -
1650)
★
Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Italian artist (
1598 -
1680)
★
Oliver Cromwell,
Lord Protector of
England,
Scotland and
Ireland (
1599 -
1658)
★
Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, Spanish painter (
1599-
1660)
★
Charles I of England (
1600 -
1649)
★
Sant Tukaram, Hindu saint (
1600 -
1650)
★
Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spanish dramatist (
1600 -
1681)
★
Pierre de Fermat, French lawyer and mathematician
1601 –
1665
★
Anne of Austria, Queen consort and regent of France (
1601 -
1666)
★
Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and politician of Italian origin (
1602 -
1661)
★
Abel Janszoon Tasman, Dutch seafarer and explorer (
1603 -
1659)
★ Sir
Thomas Browne, English author, philosopher and scientist (
1605-
1682)
★
Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch painter (
1606 -
1669)
★
Pierre Corneille, French dramatist (
1606 -
1684)
★
Song Yingxing, Chinese encyclopedist (
1587-
1666)
★
Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (
1607 -
1676)
★
John Milton, English author and poet (
1608 -
1674)
★
Samarth Ramdas, Hindu saint (
1608 -
1681)
★
Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh, Irish historian and genealogist (d.
1671)
★
André Le Nôtre, French landscape architect (
1613 -
1700)
★
Andreas Gryphius, German poet and dramatist (
1616 -
1664)
★
Guru Teg Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (
1621 -
1675)
★
Jean de La Fontaine, French poet (
1621 -
1695)
★
Molière, French dramatist, actor, director (
1622 -
1673)
★
Blaise Pascal, French theologian, mathematician and physicist (
1623 -
1662)
★ Queen
Christina of Sweden, high profile Catholic convert, matron of arts (
1626 -
1689)
★
Richard Cromwell,
Lord Protector of
England,
Scotland and
Ireland (
1626 -
1712)
★
Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter, calligrapher, encyclopedist, foreign delegate to Japan (
1669 -
1732)
★
Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (
1629 -
1695)
★
Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland (
1629 -
1696)
★
Shivaji Bhonsle, Hindu king, 1st Maratha ruler, established Hindavi Swaraj (
1630-
1680)
★
Charles II of England (
1630 -
1685)
★
John Dryden, English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright (
1631 -
1700)
★
Johannes Vermeer, Dutch Painter (
1632 -
1675)
★
Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (
1632 -
1677)
★
Jean-Baptiste Lully, Italian-born French composer (
1632 -
1687)
★
John Locke, English philosopher (
1632 -
1704)
★
James II of England (
1633 -
1701)
★
Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist (
1633 -
1703)
★
Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, second wife of
Louis XIV (
1635 -
1719)
★
Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (
1636 -
1711)
★
Louis XIV, King of France (
1638 -
1715)
★
Jean Racine, French dramatist (
1639 -
1699)
★
Leopold I,
Holy Roman Emperor (
1640 -
1705)
★
Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan, lover of
Louis XIV (
1641 -
1707)
★
Isaac Newton, English physicist and mathematician (
1642 -
1727)
★
Gottfried Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician (
1646 -
1716)
★
John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet (
1647 -
1680)
★
William III of England (
1650 -
1702)
★
Imre Thököly, prince of Transylvania, leader of the anti-Habsburg uprising in
Hungary (
1657 -
1705)
★
Henry Purcell, English composer (
1659 -
1695)
★
Mary II of England (
1662 -
1694)
★
Peter the Great, Russian tsar (
1672 -
1725)
★
Abraham Darby I, English Ironmaster, Introduced the first coke-consuming blast furnace (
1678 –
1717)
★
Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer of genius(
1685-
1750)
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
List of 17th century inventions
Major changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterized as the
Scientific revolution.
★
Banknotes reintroduced in Europe.
★
Ice cream
★
Tea and
coffee become popular in Europe.
★
Central Banking in France and
modern Finance by Scottish economist
John Law
★
1604: Supernova
SN 1604 is observed in the
Milky Way
★
1605:
Johannes Kepler starts investigating
elliptical orbits of planets
★
1608:
Hans Lippershey constructs a
refracting telescope, the first for which sufficient evidence exists
★
1609:
Johann Carolas of Germany publishes the 'Relation', the first newspaper
★
1610: The
Orion Nebula is identified by
Nicolas de Peiresc of France
★
1610:
Galileo Galilei and
Simon Marius observe
Jupiter's
Galilean moons
★
1611:
King James Bible or 'Authorized Version' first published
★ c.
1612: The first flintlock musket likely created for Louis XIII of France by gunsmith
Marin de Bourgeoys
★
1614:
John Napier introduces the
logarithm to simplify calculations
★
1620:
Cornelius Drebbei, funded by
James I of
England, builds the first '
submarine' made of wood and greased leather
★
1623: The first English dictonary, 'English Dictionarie' is published by
Henry Cockeram, listing difficult words with definitions
★
1628:
William Harvey publishes and elucidates his earlier discovery of the
circulatory system
★
1637: Dutch Bible published
★
1637:
Teatro San Cassiano, the first public opera house, opened in Venice
★
1637:
Pierre de Fermat formulates his so-called
Last Theorem, unsolved until 1995
★
1637: Although Chinese
naval mines were earlier described in the 14th century ''
Huolongjing'', the ''Tian Gong Kai Wu'' book of
Ming Dynasty scholar
Song Yingxing describes naval mines wrapped in a
lacquer bag and ignited by an ambusher pulling a rip cord on the nearby shore that triggers a steel-wheel
flint mechanism.
★
1642:
Blaise Pascal builds an early mechanical
calculator for addition and subtraction
★
1642:
Mezzotint engraving introduces grey tones to printed images
★
1643:
Evangelista Torricelli of
Italy invents the mercury
barometer
★
1645:
Giacomo Torelli of
Venice,
Italy invents the first rotating stage
★
1651:
Giovanni Riccioli renames the
Lunar mare
★
1656:
Christiaan Huygens describes the true shape of the
rings of Saturn
★
1657:
Christiaan Huygens develops the first functional
pendulum clock based on the learnings of
Galileo Galilei
★
1659:
Christiaan Huygens first to observe surface details of
Mars
★
1663: The first reflecting
telescope is built by
James Gregory based on suggestions of Italian astronomer
Niccolo Zucchi
★ c.
1670: Monk
Dom Perignon discovers
Champagne in
France
★
1676:
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovers
Bacteria
★
1676: First measurement of the
speed of light
★
1679:
Binary system developed by
Gottfried Leibnitz, possibly influenced by
Shao Yong
★
1684:
Calculus independently developed by both
Gottfried Leibnitz and
Sir Issac Newton and used to formulate
classical mechanics
References
1. Roberts, J: "History of the World.". Penguin, 1994.
Decades and years
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