Year '1814' ('
MDCCCXIV') was a
common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the
Gregorian calendar (or a
common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower
Julian calendar).
Events of 1814
January - March
★
January 14 -
Denmark cedes
Norway to
Sweden in exchange for west
Pomerania, as part of the
Treaty of Kiel.
★
January 29 -
French army of
Emperor Napoleon I wins the
Battle of Brienne.
★
January 31 -
Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes
Supreme Director of
Argentina.
★
February -
Congress of Chatillon - see
George Hamilton Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen.
★
February 11 -
Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the
Kalmar Union.
★
February 12 - a fire destroys the
Custom House in
London.
★
February 14 -
Napoleon wins the
Battle of Vauchamps.
★
February 18 -
Napoleon wins the
Battle of Montereau.
★
February 21 -
Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814.
★
March 7 -
Napoleon wins the
Battle of Craonne.
★
March 9 - the
USS Enterprise reaches
Wilmington,
North Carolina, returning from the
Caribbean.
★
March 10 -
Napoleon is defeated at the
Battle of Laon in
France.
★
March 12 -
Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angouleme enters
Bourdeaux, marking the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty.
★
March 27 -
War of 1812: In northern
Alabama,
United States forces under
General Andrew Jackson defeat the
Creek at the
Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
★
March 30 -
Napoleonic Wars:
Sixth Coalition forces march into
Paris.
★
March 31 -
Anti-Napoleonic troops occupy
Paris.
April - June
★
April 6 -
Emperor Napoleon abdicates. Louis XVIII becomes King of France.
★
April 10 - the
Duke of Wellington wins the
Battle of Toulouse.
★
April 12 -
Royal Norwegian Navy re-established.
★
May 3 -
Duke of Provence, future
Louis XVIII of France returns to
Paris.
★
May 5 -
British-American War (War of 1812): The
British attack
Fort Ontario at
Oswego, New York.
★
May 17 - The
Constitution of Norway is signed and the
Danish Crown Prince Christian Frederik is elected
King of Norway by the
Norwegian Constituent Assembly.
★
May 17 -
Occupation of
Monaco changes from
French to
Austrian hands.
★
May 30 - The
First Treaty of Paris is signed returning
France's borders to their
1792 extent.
Napoleon I of France is exiled to
Elba on the same day.
July - September
★
July 5 -
War of 1812:
Battle of Chippewa -
American Major General Jacob Brown defeats
British General Phineas Riall at
Chippewa, Ontario.
★
July 24 -
War of 1812:
General Phineas Riall advances toward
Niagara Falls, Ontario to halt
Jacob Brown's
American invaders.
★
July 25 -
War of 1812:
Battle of Lundy's Lane - Reinforcements arrive near
Niagara Falls, Ontario for
General Riall's
British and
Canadian force, and bloody, all-night battle with
Jacob Brown's
Americans commences at 18.00;
Americans retreat to
Fort Erie.
★
August 7 -
Pope Pius VII reestablish the
Society of Jesus (Jesuits) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia.
★
August 12 - In
England, the last hanging under the
Black Act - William Potter for cutting down an
orchard - even the
judge petitioned for reprieve.
★
August 13 - signing of the
Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.
★
August 24 - During the
War of 1812,
British troops occupy
Washington, DC, setting numerous buildings on fire, including the Capitol.
★
August 28 -
Alexandria, Virginia offers surrender to the
British fleet without a fight.
★
September 11 –
War of 1812: the
Battle of Lake Champlain took place.
★
September 13 –
War of 1812: the bombardment of
Fort McHenry at
Baltimore.
October - December
★ October - A giant
vat full of
porter (beer) owned by
Meux's Brewery bursts, demolishing some housing on the road and killing eight people.
★
November 7 –
War of 1812:
Andrew Jackson seizes
Pensacola,
Florida.
★
December 15 –
Hartford Convention convened.
★
December 24 –
War of 1812:
Treaty of Ghent was signed.
Undated
★
Missionaries attempt to write down the
Maori language.
★
George Stephenson designs his first locomotive ''
Blücher''.
★
John Abernethy appointed lecturer in anatomy to the
Royal College of Surgeons of England.
★
John Keats leaves apprenticeship to become a student at a local hospital.
★
Sir Walter Scott writes ''
Waverley''.
★
Guyana transferred from
Netherlands to
Britain; it is renamed "
British Guiana".
Ongoing events
★
Napoleonic Wars (
1799-
1815)-
Peninsular War/
Sixth Coalition
★
War of 1812 (
1812-
1815)
Births
January - June
★
January 1 -
Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebel (d.
1864)
★
January 27 -
Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, French architect (d.
1879)
★
February 18 -
Samuel Fenton Cary, American politician and temperance activist (d.
1900)
★
March 9 -
Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet, nationalist, and founder of the Ukrainian language (d.
1861)
★
April 3 -
Lorenzo Snow, fifth president of
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d.
1901)
★
April 21 -
Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts, English philanthropist (d.
1906)
★
May 12 -
Adolf von Henselt, German composer
★
May 30 -
Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist (d.
1876)
July - December
★
August 8 -
Esther Morris, American suffragist and judge (d.
1902)
★
August 10 -
Henri Nestlé, German-born Swiss chocolate magnate (d.
1890)
★
August 13 -
Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist (d.
1874)
★
August 23 -
James Roosevelt Bayley, first
Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, and the eighth
Archbishop of Baltimore (d.
1877)
★
August 28 -
Sheridan le Fanu, Irish writer (d.
1873)
★
September 2 -
Ernst Curtius, German archaeologist and historian (d.
1896)
★
September 8 -
Charles-Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer and historian (d.
1874)
★
October 4 -
Jean-François Millet, French painter (d.
1875)
★
October 15 -
Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer (d.
1841)
★
November 6 -
Adolphe Sax, Belgian instrument maker and inventor (d.
1894)
★
November 22 -
Serranus Clinton Hastings, American politician (d.
1893)
★ ''date unknown'' -
Táhirih, Persian Bahá'í heroine
: ''See also .''
Deaths
January - June
★
January 27 -
Philip Astley, English circus promoter (b.
1742)
★
March 28 -
Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, French inventor (b.
1738)
★
April 1 -
Joseph de Ferraris, Austrian
cartographer of the Austrian Netherlands (b.
1726)
★
April 12 -
Charles Burney, English music historian (b.
1726)
★
May 29 -
Josephine de Beauharnais, Empress of France (b.
1763)
July - December
★
July 12 -
William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, British general
★
July 19 - Captain
Matthew Flinders, English explorer of the coasts of Australia (b.
1774)
★
August 21 -
Antonio Carnicero, Spanish painter (b.
1748)
★
August 21 -
Benjamin Thompson, American physicist and inventor (b.
1753)
★
August 31 -
Arthur Phillip, British admiral and first governor of New South Wales (b.
1738)
★
September 8 -
Marie Caroline of Austria, queen of
Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, and ''de facto'' ruler (b.
1752)
★
October 19 -
Mercy Otis Warren, American playwright (b.
1728)
★
November 23 -
Elbridge Gerry,
Vice President of the United States of America (b.
1744)
★
December 2 -
Donatien Alphonse Francois de Sade, French writer (b.
1740)
★
December 13 -
Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne, Austrian field marshal (b.
1735)
★
December 19 -
Joseph Bramah, Inventor of the hydrolic press (b.
1748)
: ''See also .''
Other
★ Year "1814" was what inspired the name of
Janet Jackson's 2nd hit album,
Rhythm Nation 1814. It was the year women could get an education beyond the 8th-grade level.
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