1814

Year '1814' ('MDCCCXIV') was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar).

Contents

Events of 1814

January - March

April - June

July - September

October - December

Undated

Ongoing events

Births

January - June

July - December

Deaths

January - June

July - December

Other

Events of 1814

January - March

★ January 14 - Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in exchange for west Pomerania, as part of the Treaty of Kiel.

★ January 29 - French army of Emperor Napoleon I wins the Battle of Brienne.

★ January 31 - Gervasio Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina.

★ February - Congress of Chatillon - see George Hamilton Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen.

★ February 11 - Norway's independence is proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union.

★ February 12 - a fire destroys the Custom House in London.

★ February 14 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Vauchamps.

★ February 18 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Montereau.

★ February 21 - Great Stock Exchange Fraud of 1814.

★ March 7 - Napoleon wins the Battle of Craonne.

★ March 9 - the USS Enterprise reaches Wilmington, North Carolina, returning from the Caribbean.

★ March 10 - Napoleon is defeated at the Battle of Laon in France.

★ March 12 - Louis-Antoine, Duke of Angouleme enters Bourdeaux, marking the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty.

★ March 27 - War of 1812: In northern Alabama, United States forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.

★ March 30 - Napoleonic Wars: Sixth Coalition forces march into Paris.

★ March 31 - Anti-Napoleonic troops occupy Paris.

April - June

★ April 6 - Emperor Napoleon abdicates. Louis XVIII becomes King of France.

★ April 10 - the Duke of Wellington wins the Battle of Toulouse.

★ April 12 - Royal Norwegian Navy re-established.

★ May 3 - Duke of Provence, future Louis XVIII of France returns to Paris.

★ May 5 - British-American War (War of 1812): The British attack Fort Ontario at Oswego, New York.

★ May 17 - The Constitution of Norway is signed and the Danish Crown Prince Christian Frederik is elected King of Norway by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly.

★ May 17 - Occupation of Monaco changes from French to Austrian hands.

★ May 30 - The First Treaty of Paris is signed returning France's borders to their 1792 extent. Napoleon I of France is exiled to Elba on the same day.

July - September

★ July 5 - War of 1812: Battle of Chippewa - American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British General Phineas Riall at Chippewa, Ontario.

★ July 24 - War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara Falls, Ontario to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders.

★ July 25 - War of 1812: Battle of Lundy's Lane - Reinforcements arrive near Niagara Falls, Ontario for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americans commences at 18.00; Americans retreat to Fort Erie.

★ August 7 - Pope Pius VII reestablish the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) all over the world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia.

★ August 12 - In England, the last hanging under the Black Act - William Potter for cutting down an orchard - even the judge petitioned for reprieve.

★ August 13 - signing of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814.

★ August 24 - During the War of 1812, British troops occupy Washington, DC, setting numerous buildings on fire, including the Capitol.

★ August 28 - Alexandria, Virginia offers surrender to the British fleet without a fight.

★ September 11 – War of 1812: the Battle of Lake Champlain took place.

★ September 13 – War of 1812: the bombardment of Fort McHenry at Baltimore.

October - December

★ October - A giant vat full of porter (beer) owned by Meux's Brewery bursts, demolishing some housing on the road and killing eight people.

★ November 7 – War of 1812: Andrew Jackson seizes Pensacola, Florida.

★ December 15 – Hartford Convention convened.

★ December 24 – War of 1812: Treaty of Ghent was signed.

Undated

★ Missionaries attempt to write down the Maori language.

★ George Stephenson designs his first locomotive ''Blücher''.

★ John Abernethy appointed lecturer in anatomy to the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

★ John Keats leaves apprenticeship to become a student at a local hospital.

★ Sir Walter Scott writes ''Waverley''.

★ Guyana transferred from Netherlands to Britain; it is renamed "British Guiana".

Ongoing events

★ Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)-Peninsular War/Sixth Coalition

★ War of 1812 (1812-1815)

Births

January - June

★ January 1 - Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebel (d. 1864)

★ January 27 - Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, French architect (d. 1879)

★ February 18 - Samuel Fenton Cary, American politician and temperance activist (d. 1900)

★ March 9 - Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet, nationalist, and founder of the Ukrainian language (d. 1861)

★ April 3 - Lorenzo Snow, fifth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1901)

★ April 21 - Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts, English philanthropist (d. 1906)

★ May 12 - Adolf von Henselt, German composer

★ May 30 - Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist (d. 1876)

July - December

★ August 8 - Esther Morris, American suffragist and judge (d. 1902)

★ August 10 - Henri Nestlé, German-born Swiss chocolate magnate (d. 1890)

★ August 13 - Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist (d. 1874)

★ August 23 - James Roosevelt Bayley, first Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, and the eighth Archbishop of Baltimore (d. 1877)

★ August 28 - Sheridan le Fanu, Irish writer (d. 1873)

★ September 2 - Ernst Curtius, German archaeologist and historian (d. 1896)

★ September 8 - Charles-Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer and historian (d. 1874)

★ October 4 - Jean-François Millet, French painter (d. 1875)

★ October 15 - Mikhail Lermontov, Russian writer (d. 1841)

★ November 6 - Adolphe Sax, Belgian instrument maker and inventor (d. 1894)

★ November 22 - Serranus Clinton Hastings, American politician (d. 1893)

★ ''date unknown'' - Táhirih, Persian Bahá'í heroine
: ''See also .''

Deaths

January - June

★ January 27 - Philip Astley, English circus promoter (b. 1742)

★ March 28 - Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, French inventor (b. 1738)

★ April 1 - Joseph de Ferraris, Austrian cartographer of the Austrian Netherlands (b. 1726)

★ April 12 - Charles Burney, English music historian (b. 1726)

★ May 29 - Josephine de Beauharnais, Empress of France (b. 1763)

July - December

★ July 12 - William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, British general

★ July 19 - Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of the coasts of Australia (b. 1774)

★ August 21 - Antonio Carnicero, Spanish painter (b. 1748)

★ August 21 - Benjamin Thompson, American physicist and inventor (b. 1753)

★ August 31 - Arthur Phillip, British admiral and first governor of New South Wales (b. 1738)

★ September 8 - Marie Caroline of Austria, queen of Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies, and ''de facto'' ruler (b. 1752)

★ October 19 - Mercy Otis Warren, American playwright (b. 1728)

★ November 23 - Elbridge Gerry, Vice President of the United States of America (b. 1744)

★ December 2 - Donatien Alphonse Francois de Sade, French writer (b. 1740)

★ December 13 - Charles Joseph, Prince de Ligne, Austrian field marshal (b. 1735)

★ December 19 - Joseph Bramah, Inventor of the hydrolic press (b. 1748)
: ''See also .''

Other

★ Year "1814" was what inspired the name of Janet Jackson's 2nd hit album, Rhythm Nation 1814. It was the year women could get an education beyond the 8th-grade level.