1820S

Contents

Events and trends

World leaders

Events and trends

★ Nationalistic independence helped reshape the world during this decade:

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★ Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire in the Greek War of Independence (1821-1827).

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★ Several countries declared their independence from Spain and Portugal:

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★ The Republic of Gran Colombia under President Simón Bolívar (1819 - 1828) expands over South America

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★ Mexico (1821)

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★ Brazil (1822)

★ The United Provinces of Central America were formed in 1823.

★ United States (1825) The Erie Canal opens - passage from Albany, New York to Lake Erie and the Ohio and Erie Canal is dug to extend settlement access and commercial traffic to the Ohio River.

★ Temperance movement emerges in U.S.

★ Americo-Liberians begin to settle in the Colony of Liberia with the support of the American Colonization Society

World leaders

★ Emir Dost Mohammad Khan (Afghanistan)

★ Supreme director José Rondeau (Argentina)

★ Acting supreme director Juan Pedro Julián Aguirre y López de Anaya (Argentina)

★ President Bernardino Rivadavia (Argentina)

★ President Vicente López y Planes (Argentina)

★ General Manuel Dorrego (Argentina)

★ General Juan Manuel de Rosas (Argentina)

★ Emperor Francis II (Austria)

★ Chancellor Klemens Wenzel von Metternich (Austria)

★ Sheikh Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah (Bahrain)

★ Sheikh Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifah (Bahrain)

★ Administrative leader Tendzin Drugdra (Bhutan)

★ Administrative leader Choki Gyaltshen (Bhutan)

★ President Simón Bolívar (Bolivia)

★ President Antonio José de Sucre (Bolivia)

★ President José María Pérez (Bolivia)

★ President José Miguel de Velasco (Bolivia)

★ President Pedro Blanco (Bolivia)

★ President Andrés de Santa Cruz (Bolivia)

★ Emperor Pedro I (Brazil)

★ Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam (Brunei)

★ Sultan Muhammad Alam (Brunei)

★ Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddin II (Brunei)

★ King Ang Chan II (Cambodia)

★ President Bernardo O'Higgins (Chile)

★ President Agustín Eyzaguirre (Chile)

★ Provisional triumvirate of the three provinces Congreso de Plenipotenciarios (Chile)

★ Interim Supreme Director Ramón Freire (Chile)

★ Acting Supreme Director Diego José Benavente (Chile)

★ President Manuel Blanco Encalada (Chile)

★ President Francisco Antonio Pinto (Chile)

★ President Francisco Ramón Vicuña (Chile)

★ President José Tomás Ovalle (Chile)

★ Emperor Daoguang (China)

★ President Simón Bolívar (Greater Colombia)

★ King Frederick VI (Denmark)

★ Governor Muḩammad ‘Alī (Egypt)

★ Emperor Iyoas II (Ethiopia)

★ Emperor Gigar (Ethiopia)

★ Emperor Baeda Maryam III (Ethiopia)

★ President José Cecilio del Valle (Federal Republic of Central America)

★ President Manuel José Arce (Federal Republic of Central America)

★ President José Francisco Barrundia (Federal Republic of Central America)

★ King Louis XVIII (Restoration France)

★ King Charles X (Restoration France)

★ Governor Ioannis Kapodistrias (Greece)

★ King Henri Christophe (Haiti)

★ President Jean Pierre Boyer (Haiti)

★ Pope Pius VII

★ Pope Leo XII

★ Shogun Tokugawa Ienari (Japan)

★ Khan Omar Beg (Kokand)

★ Khan Mohammed Ali (Kokand)

★ Emperor Sunjo (Korea)

★ Emir Jaber I Al-Sabah (Kuwait)

★ Emperor Agustín de Iturbide (Mexico)

★ President Guadalupe Victoria (Mexico)

★ President Vicente Guerrero (Mexico)

★ President José María Bocanegra (Mexico)

★ President Pedro Vélez (Mexico)

★ Sultan Slimane (Morocco)

★ Sultan Abderrahmane (Morocco)

★ Fath Ali Shah of Qajar dynasty (Persia)

★ King Frederick William III (Prussia)

★ Emperor Alexander I (Russia)

★ Emperor Nicholas I (Russia)

★ King Victor Emmanuel I (Sardinia)

★ King Charles Felix (Sardinia)

★ King Rama II (Siam)

★ King Rama III (Siam)

★ King Ferdinand VII (Spain)

★ Pasha Yusuf Karamanli (Tripoli)

★ King George IV (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland)

★ King William I (United Kingdom of the Netherlands)

★ President James Monroe (United States)

★ President John Quincy Adams (United States)

★ Emperor Minh Mang (Vietnam)