Year '1905' ('
MCMV') was a
common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the
Gregorian calendar (or a
common year starting on Saturday
of the 13-day-slower
Julian calendar).
Events of 1905
January
★
January 2 -
Russo-Japanese War: The
Russian Army surrenders at
Port Arthur,
China, an event that shocks the world.
★
January 5 - The play ''
The Scarlet Pimpernel'' opens at the New Theatre in London and begins a run of 122 performances and numerous revivals
★
January 22 (
January 9 O.S.) -
Bloody Sunday massacre of Russian demonstrators at the Winter Palace in
Saint Petersburg, one of the triggers of the abortive
Russian Revolution of 1905.
★
January 26 - The
Cullinan Diamond is found near
Pretoria,
South Africa at the
Premier Mine.
February
★ February - In
Austin, Texas and
San Antonio, TX, it is the coldest February on record, with average monthly temperature of 42.3F and 43.9F degrees (the previous record was -1F and 4F on
February 12,
1899).
★
February 12 - In
Christchurch, New Zealand, the
Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament is opened.
★
February 16 - At
Haulbowline Base in
Ireland, two explosions onboard the HM Submarine A5, due to petrol fumes after refueling, kill 6 of 11 crew.
★
February 17 - At
Fremantle, Western Australia, the
R.M.S. ''Orizaba'' wrecks, but all 160 passengers and the mail are saved.
★
February 19 - In
Manchuria, the
Battle of Mukden begins, the largest world battle of that era.
★
February 23 -
Rotary International is founded.
March
★
March 1 - Australian Conservative leader
Richard Butler takes office as Premier of
South Australia.
★
March 3 -
Tsar Nicholas II of Russia agrees to create an elected assembly (the
Duma).
★
March 4 -
US. President Theodore Roosevelt begins full term.
★
March 5 -
Russian troops begin to retreat from
Mukden,
Manchuria after losing
one-hundred thousand troops in three days.
★
March 10
★
★ Japanese capture of Mukden (now
Shenyang) completes rout of Russian armies in
Manchuria.
★
★
Cassie Chadwick sentenced for 14 years in Cleveland for fraud.
★
March 14 -
Chelsea FC founded
★
March 17 -
Albert Einstein publishes his paper "On a heuristic viewpoint concerning the production and transformation of light" in which he explains the
photoelectric effect using the notion of
light quanta.
★
March 31 - German emperor
William II asserts German equality with France in
Morocco, triggering the Tangier or
First Moroccan Crisis.
April
★
April 4 - In
India, an
earthquake near
Kangra kills 20,000.
★
April -
Albert Einstein works on the
special theory of relativity as well as the theory of
Brownian motion.
May
★
May 11 -
Albert Einstein submits his doctoral dissertation "On the Motion of Small Particles...", in which he explains
Brownian motion.
★
May 13 -
Mata Hari debuts in Paris.
★
May 15 -
Las Vegas, Nevada is founded when 110 acres (0.4 km²), in what later would become downtown, are auctioned off.
★
May 27-
28 -
Russo-Japanese War:
Battle of Tsushima - The
Japanese fleet under Admiral
Heihachiro Togo destroys the Russian fleet under Admiral
Zinovi Petrovich Rozhdestvenski in a two-day battle.
June
★
June 7 -
Norwegian Parliament declares the union with
Sweden dissolved and Norway achieves full independence.
★
June 9 - The
Charlton Athletic F.C. is founded.
★
June 15 -
Princess Margaret of Connaught marries
Gustav, Crown Prince of Sweden.
★
June 27 - (June 14 according to the
Julian calendar):
Mutiny breaks out on the Russian ironclad ''
Potemkin''.
★
June 30 -
Albert Einstein publishes the article "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" where he reveals his theory of
special relativity.
July - September
★
July 6 -
Alfred Deakin becomes
Prime Minister of Australia for the second time.
★
July 29 -
Taft-Katsura Agreement.
★
August 13 -
Norway holds
referendum in favour of dissolving the union with
Sweden.
★
September 1 - The
Canadian provinces of
Alberta and
Saskatchewan are established from the southwestern part of the
Northwest Territories.
★
September 5 -
Russo-Japanese War:
Treaty of Portsmouth is signed. In
New Hampshire, a
treaty mediated by US President
Theodore Roosevelt is signed by victor
Japan and
Russia. Russia cedes the island of
Sakhalin and port and rail rights in
Manchuria to Japan.
★
September 5 -
Pro Football: First Pro Football fowars pass is thrown
October - December
★
October 3 -
HMS ''Dreadnought'' is laid down, revolutionizing battleship design and triggering a naval arms race.
★
October 5 -
Wright Brothers third aeroplane,
Wright Flyer III stays in the air for 39 minutes with Wilbur piloting. This was the first aeroplane to fly successfully for over 1/2 an hour.
★
October 16 -
Russian Revolution of 1905:
Russian army opens fire in a meeting on a street market in
Estonia, killing 94 and injuring over 200.
★
October 20 -
Galatasaray SK Biggest football club in Turkey, Galatasaray SK founded
★
October 26 -
Sweden agrees to the repeal of the union with
Norway.
★
October 30 - Tsar
Nicholas II is forced to grant
Russia's first constitution, conceding a national assembly (
Duma) with limited powers.
★
November 9 - The Province of
Alberta,
Canada holds its
first general election.
★
November 18 - Prince Carl of
Denmark becomes King
Haakon VII of Norway.
★
November 28 - Irish nationalist
Arthur Griffith founds
Sinn Féin in
Dublin as a
political party whose goal is independence for all of
Ireland.
★
December 30 - Bomb kills
Frank Steunenberg, ex-governor of
Idaho. Case leads to a trial against leaders of the
Western Federation of Miners.
Undated
★ Women given vote and admitted to practice of law in
Queensland.
★ Workers Compensation introduced in Queensland.
★
Albert Einstein publishes four papers. In particular, he formulates the theory of
special relativity and explains the
photoelectric effect by
quantization. 1905 is regarded as his "miracle year".
★ The title
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is officially recognized by
King Edward VII.
★
Pathé Frères colors black and white films by machine.
★ ''
Huckleberry Finn'' and ''
Tom Sawyer'' are banned from the
Brooklyn Public Library for setting a "bad example."
★
Druidic rituals begin in
Stonehenge.
★
Alfred Einhorn introduces
novocaine.
★ The first
U-boat is launched.
★ The
Ancient Egyptian Order of Sciots is formed.
★
Wolves are extinct in
Japan by this date.
★ The
Fauve art form is formed with leaders such as
Henri Matisse and others.
Ongoing
★
Russo-Japanese War
★
1904-1905 Welsh Revival
Overview
As the second year of the massive
Russo-Japanese War, more than 100,000 would die in the largest world battles of that era, and the war chaos lead to a
revolution against the
Tsar.
Canada and the
U.S. expanded west, with the
Alberta and
Saskatchewan provinces and the founding of
Las Vegas. The April
earthquake in
India, killing 20,000, foreshadowed the
1906 earthquakes. Year 1905 was also the
annus mirabilis of
Albert Einstein, publishing papers that lay the foundations for
quantum physics, introduced the
special theory of relativity, explained
Brownian motion and proved the existence of atoms.
Births
January-February
★
January 2 -
Michael Tippett, English composer (d.
1998)
★
January 3 -
Anna May Wong, American actress (d.
1961)
★
January 3 -
Ray Milland, Welsh Actor (d.
1986)
★
January 8 -
Giacinto Scelsi, Italian composer (d.
1988)
★
January 12
★
★
James Bennett Griffin, American archaeologist (d.
1997)
★
★
Tex Ritter, American actor and singer (d.
1974)
★
January 18 -
Joseph Bonanno, American gangster (d.
2002)
★
January 19 -
Stanley Hawes, British-born Australian film producer, director and administrator (d.
1991)
★
January 21 -
Christian Dior, French couturier (d.
1957)
★
January 26
★
★
Charles Lane, American actor (d.
2007)
★
★
Maria von Trapp, Austrian singer (d.
1987)
★
January 29 -
Barnett Newman, American painter (d.
1970)
★
January 31 -
John O'Hara, American writer (d.
1970)
★
February 1 -
Emilio G. Segrè, Italian physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1989)
★
February 2 -
Ayn Rand, American author (d.
1982)
★
February 7 -
Paul Nizan, French author (d.
1940)
★
February 14 -
Thelma Ritter, American actress (d.
1969)
★
February 15 -
Harold Arlen, American composer of popular music (d.
1986)
★
February 23 -
Derrick Henry Lehmer, American mathematician (d.
1991)
★
February 27 -
Franchot Tone, American actor (d.
1968)
March-April
★
March 3 -
Marie Glory, French silent screen actress
★
March 6 -
Bob Wills, American singer (d.
1975)
★
March 15 -
Berthold Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, German lawyer and Nazi opponent (d.
1944)
★
March 16 -
Elisabeth Flickenschildt, German actress (d.
1977)
★
March 18
★
★
Thomas Townsend Brown, American scientist (d.
1985)
★
★
Robert Donat, English actor (d.
1958)
★
★
Benny Friedman, American football player (d.
1982)
★
March 19 -
Albert Speer, Nazi official (d.
1981)
★
March 20 -
Vera Panova, Soviet-Russian writer (d.
1973)
★
March 23
★
★
Lale Andersen, German singer (d.
1972)
★
★
Joan Crawford, American actress (d.
1977)
★
March 27 -
Elsie MacGill, Canadian aeronautical engineer (d.
1980)
★
April 21 -
Edmund G. Brown, Govenor of California (d.
1996)
May-June
★
May 3 -
Werner Fenchel, German mathematician (d.
1988)
★
May 8 -
Red Nichols, American jazz musician (d.
1965)
★
May 14 -
Herbert Morrison, American radio reporter (d.
1989)
★
May 15 -
Joseph Cotten, American actor (d.
1994)
★
May 16 -
Henry Fonda, American actor (d.
1982)
★
May 20 -
Gerrit Achterberg, Dutch poet (d.
1962)
★
May 29 -
Sebastian Shaw, English actor (d.
1994)
★
June 12 -
Ray Barbuti, American athlete (d.
1975)
★
June 23 -
Mary Livingstone, American radio comedian & married to
Jack Benny (d.
1983)
July-August
★
July 4 -
Irving Johnson, American sail training pioneer (d.
1991)
★
July 5 -
Jock Cameron, South African cricketer (d.
1935)
★
July 12
★
★
Edward Bernds, American director (d.
2000)
★
★
Prince John of the United Kingdom (d.
1919)
★
July 15 -
Dorothy Fields, American songwriter (d.
1988)
★
July 22 -
Doc Cramer,
Major League Baseball player (d.
1990)
★
July 23 -
Leopold Engleitner, Holocaust survivor
★
July 25 -
Elias Canetti, Bulgarian-born British writer (d.
1994)
★
July 29 -
Dag Hammarskjöld, Swedish
United Nations Secretary-General (d.
1961)
★
August 2 -
Karl Amadeus Hartmann, German composer (d.
1963)
★
August 3 -
Franz König, Roman Catholic Archbishop of Vienna (d.
2004)
★
August 5 -
Wassily Leontief, Russian economist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1999)
★
August 8 -
André Jolivet, French composer (d.
1974)
★
August 11 -
Erwin Chargaff, Austrian biochemist (d.
2002)
★
August 16 -
Marian Rejewski, Polish mathematician and cryptologist (d.
1980)
★
August 20 -
Jean Gebser, author, linguist and poet (d.
1973)
★
August 21 -
Friz Freleng, American animator (d.
1995)
★
August 23 -
Constant Lambert, British composer (d.
1951)
★
August 29 -
Dhyan Chand, Indian hockey legend. (d.
1979)
★
August 31 -
Dore Schary, American film writer, director, and producer (d.
1980)
September-October
★
September 1 -
Elvera Sanchez, Puerto Rican dancer (d.
2000)
★
September 3 -
Carl David Anderson, American physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1991)
★
September 18
★
★
Eddie Anderson, American actor (d.
1977)
★
★
Greta Garbo, Swedish actress (d.
1990)
★
September 22
★
★
Eugen Sänger, Austrian aerospace engineer (d.
1964)
★
★
Haakon Lie, Norwegian politician
★
September 24 -
Severo Ochoa, Spanish–American biochemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1993)
★
September 26 -
Emilio Navarro, Puerto Rican baseball player
★
September 28 -
Max Schmeling, German boxer (d.
2005)
★
September 30
★
★
Savitri Devi, Greek writer and National Socialist philosopher (d.
1982)
★
★
Nevill Francis Mott, English physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1996)
★
★
Michael Powell, British director (d.
1990)
★
October 5 -
Helen Wills Moody, American tennis player (d.
1998)
★
October 23 -
Felix Bloch, Swiss-born physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate (d.
1983)
November-December
★
November 4 -
Dragutin Tadijanović, Croatian poet (d.
2007)
★
November 7 -
William Alwyn, English composer (d.
1985)
★
November 9 -
Erika Mann, oldest daughter of
Thomas Mann (d.
1969)
★
November 15 -
Mantovani, Italian-born conductor and arranger (d.
1980)
★
November 17 -
Queen Astrid of Belgium (d.
1935)
★
November 26 -
Bob Johnson, baseball player (d.
1982)
★
December 11 -
Gilbert Rowland, Mexican-born American actor (d.
1994)
★
December 17 -
Simo Häyhä,
sniper (d.
2002)
★
December 21 -
Anthony Powell, British author (d.
2000)
★
December 22 -
Kenneth Rexroth, American poet (d.
1982)
★
December 24 -
Howard Hughes, American film maker, industrialist, aircraft designer, and airline founder (d.
1976)
★
December 27 -
Leonard Goldenson, American television executive (d.
1999)
★
December 30 -
Jule Styne, English-born composer (d.
1994)
★ ''date unknown'' -
Sada Abe, Japanese actress (d.
1970)
Deaths
January - June
★
January 14 -
Ernst Abbe, German physicist (b.
1840)
★
January 19 -
Debendranath Tagore, Indian philosopher (b.
1817)
★
February 4 -
Louis-Ernest Barrias, French sculptor (b.
1841)
★
February 20 -
Jeremiah W. Farnham, American merchant captain
★
March 6 -
John Henninger Reagan, American Confederate politician (b.
1818)
★
March 24 -
Jules Verne, French author (b.
1828)
★
March 28 -
Huang Zunxian, Chinese poet and writer
★
May 9 -
Anna Jarvis, model for Mother's Day
★
June 3 -
James Hudson Taylor, founder of the
China Inland Mission (b.
1832)
★
June 22 -
Francis Lubbock, Governor of Texas (b.
1815)
July - December
★
July 8 -
Walter Kittredge, American musician and composer (b.
1834)
★
July 11 -
Muhammad Abduh, Egyptian philosopher and jurist (b.
1849)
★
August 14 -
Simeon Solomon, British artist (b.
1840)
★
September 14 -
Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza, explorer (b.
1852)
★
September 18 -
George MacDonald, Scottish author and poet, Christian minister (b.
1824)
★
September 19 -
Thomas John Barnardo, Irish philanthropist (b.
1845)
★
October 13 -
Henry Irving, English actor (b.
1838)
★
October 29 -
Étienne Desmarteau, Canadian athlete (b.
1873)
Nobel Prizes
★
Physics -
Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
★
Chemistry -
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
★
Medicine -
Robert Koch
★
Literature -
Henryk Sienkiewicz
★
Peace -
Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita Von Suttner
See also
Notes
External links
Table of contents
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