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Year '1913' ('MCMXIII') was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1913
January
★ January 13 - Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Incorporated, a Service Sorority, is founded on the campus of Howard University by twenty-two collegiate women.
★ January 23 - Military coup in Ottoman Empire lead by Enver Pasha, the CUP overthrew the Liberal Union coalition and introduced a military dictatorship (Coup of 1913).
★ January 30 - House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill.
February
★ February 1 - New York City's Grand Central Terminal, having been rebuilt, re-opens as the world's largest train station.
★ February 3
★
★ The 16th Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified authorizing the Federal government to impose and collect income tax.
★
★ Trial of the remnants of the Bonnot gang begins.
★ February 17 - The Armory Show opens in New York City. It displays works of artists who are to become some of the most influential painters of the early 20th century.
★ February 27 - Freezing weather stops everything in Balkans.
March
★ March - Outpouring of monarchist sentiment in Russia when the House of Romanov celebrates the 300th anniversary of their succession to the throne.
★ March 4
★
★ Woodrow Wilson succeeds William Howard Taft as the 28th President of the United States.
★
★ The US Department of Commerce and US Department of Labor are established by splitting the duties of the 10-year-old Department of Commerce and Labor.
★
★ The first U.S. law regulating the shooting of migratory birds passed.
★ March 10 - Civil Rights activist Harriet Tubman dies of pneumonia.
★ March 12 - Australia begins building the new federal capital of Canberra.
★ March 13 - Mexican Revolution - Pancho Villa returns to Mexico from his self-imposed exile in USA.
★ March 18 - King George I of Greece is assassinated.
★ March 20 - Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese nationalist party (KMT) is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days after.
★ March 25
★
★ Venustiano Carranza announces his Plan of Guadaloupe and begins his rebellion against Victoriano Huerta's government as the head of "Constitutionals."
★
★ 2 days of rain in the Miami Valley flood the region and mark the worst natural disaster in Ohio's recorded history. Dayton is especially devastated in this 'great flood'.
★ March 26 - Balkan War: Bulgarian forces take Adrianople.
April
★ April 8 - Passing of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, dictating the direct election of senators.
★ April 24 - Woolworth Building opening ceremony.
May
★ May 13 - Igor Sikorsky becomes the first person to pilot a four engine aircraft.
★ May 14 - New York Governor William Sulzer approves the charter for the Rockefeller Foundation which begins operations with a $100,000,000 donation from John D. Rockefeller.
★ May 29 - Igor Stravinsky's ballet score ''The Rite of Spring'' is premiered in Paris.
★ May 30 - First Balkan War: A peace treaty is signed in London ending the war.
June
★ June - First edition of the Christian Esoteric magazine Rays from the Rose Cross in the United States; still issued bimonthly till today.
★ June 4 - Emily Davison, a suffragette, runs out in front of the king's horse, Anmer, at the Epsom Derby. She is trampled and dies a few days later, never having regained consciousness.
★ June 13 - Great Gorge and International Railway trolley and passengers are buried under the contents of an overhead garbage chute that broke in Niagara Falls, New York.
★ June 15 - Bud Bagsak Massacre: US troops under General John 'Black Jack' Pershing kill at least 2,000 relatively defenceless men, women and children, Bud Bagsak, Philippines. (Disputed: First Battle of Bud Dajo)
★ June 24 - Joseph Cook becomes the 6th Prime Minister of Australia.
July
★ July 3 - Commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg draws thousands of United States Civil War veterans and their families to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
★ July 10 - Death Valley, California hits 134 °F (~56.7 °C) which is the highest temperature recorded in the United States (as of 2004).
August
★ August 4 - In China, province of Chungking declares independence. Chinese Republican forces crush the rebellion in a couple of weeks
★ August 10 - Division of Macedonia after the second Balkan War, according to the Treaty of Bucharest
★ August 13 - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley in Sheffield.
★ August 15 - Start of Dublin Strike & Lockout, all trade union members dismissed
★ August 20 - 700 feet above Buc, France, parachutist Adolphe Pegond becomes the first person to jump from an airplane and land safely.
September
★ September 19 - Francis Ouimet wins the U.S. Open by five strokes to become the first amateur to ever win the event
★ September 23 - French aviator Roland Garros flies over the Mediterranean
★ September 29
★
★ Rudolf Diesel disappears en route to Britain
★
★ Pancho Villa is elected commander of the "Northern Division" of the Constitutionals
October
★ October 1 - Villa's troops take Torreon after a three-day battle when government troops retreat
★ October 10 - US President Woodrow Wilson triggers the explosion of the Gamboa Dike thus ending construction on the Panama Canal.
★ October 19 - Founding of the DLRG (German Life Saving Society)
November
★ November 1st - 56,654: Highest number of Panama Canal employees recorded since construction began in 1904.
★ November 5 - The insane king Otto of Bavaria is deposed by his cousin, Prince Regent Ludwig, who assumed the title Ludwig III.
★ November 6 - Mohandas Gandhi is arrested while leading a march of Indian miners in South Africa.
★ November 7
★
★ November 12 - The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 kills over 250.
★
★ Alpha Epsilon Pi Fraternity is founded at New York University (NYU) under the Washington Square Arch.
December
★ December 1
★
★ Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving assembly line, reducing chassis assembly time from 12½ hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes (although Ford was not the first to use an assembly line, his successful adoption of one did spark an era of mass production).
★
★ Crete, having obtained self rule from Turkey after the first Balkan war, is annexed by Greece.
★ December 12
★
★ Emperor of Ethiopia Menelik II dies and is succeeded by his grandson Iyasu V of Ethiopia.
★
★ Vincenzo Perugia tries to sell ''Mona Lisa'' in Florence and is arrested.
★ December 21 - Arthur Wynne's "word-cross", the first crossword puzzle, is published in the ''New York World''.
★ December 23 - The Federal Reserve is created by Woodrow Wilson.
★ December 30 - Italy returns ''Mona Lisa'' to France.
★ December - Bombay India Gateway of India constructed to commemorate first entry of Queen Victoria to India.
Undated
★ Female suffrage in Norway
★ British steamship ''Calvadas'' disappears in the Marmara Sea with 200 hands on board.
★ de Sitter: shows speed of light is independent of speed of source.
★ Sagnac: shows speed of light depends on speed of rotating platform.
★ Painting ''September Morn'' creates a national sensation in U.S.
★ Camel cigarettes are introduced.
★ Ela Hockaday founds The Hockaday School.
★ First publication of Journal of Ecology.
★ National Temperance Council founded to promote the temperance movement.
★ United States Soccer Federation is formed.
★ Crescent School is founded.
★ The modern zipper is invented.
★ The cities of Winston, North Carolina and Salem, North Carolina officially merged to become Winston-Salem.
Ongoing
★ First Balkan War.
Births
January-February
★ January 2 - Anna Lee, English actress (d. 2004)
★ January 6
★
★ Edward Gierek, Polish politician (d. 2001)
★
★ Loretta Young, American actress (d. 2000)
★ January 9 - Richard M. Nixon, President of the United States (d. 1994)
★ January 10 - Gustáv Husák, Slovak politician (d. 1991)
★ January 15 - Lloyd Bridges, American actor (d. 1998)
★ January 18 - Danny Kaye, American actor (d. 1987)
★ January 18 - George Unwin, British fighter ace WWII (d. 2006)
★ January 22
★
★ William Cardinal Conway, Irish clergyman (d. 1977)
★
★ Carl F. H. Henry, American theologian and publisher (d. 2003)
★ January 24 - Norman Dello Joio, American composer
★ January 25 - Witold Lutosławski, Polish composer (d. 1994)
★ January 26 - James Van Heusen, American composer (d. 1990)
★ January 29 - Peter von Zahn, German journalist and writer (d. 2001)
★ February 2 - Poul Reichhardt, Danish actor (d. 1985)
★ February 4 - Rosa Parks, American civil rights activist (d. 2005)
★ February 6 - Mary Leakey, British anthropologist (d. 1996)
★ February 13 - George Barker, British poet (d. 1991)
★ February 14
★
★ Mel Allen, American sports reporter (d. 1996)
★
★ Jimmy Hoffa, American labor leader (disappeared 1975)
★ February 25
★
★ Jim Backus, American actor (d. 1989)
★
★ Gert Fröbe, German actor (d. 1988)
★ February 27
★
★ Paul Ricoeur, French philosopher (d. 2005)
★
★ Irwin Shaw, American writer (d. 1984)
★
★ Kazimierz Sabbat, Polish president (d. 1989)
March-April
★ March 1 - Richard S.R. Fitter, British writer (d. 2005)
★ March 2 - Godfried Bomans, Dutch writer (d. 1971)
★ March 4 - John Garfield, American actor (d. 1952)
★ March 13
★
★ William Casey, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 1987)
★
★ Sergey Mikhalkov, Russian writer and lyricist
★
★ Smoky Dawson, Australian country singer
★ March 18 - René Clément, French film director (d. 1996)
★ March 21 - George Abecassis, English race car driver (d. 1991)
★ March 26
★
★ Paul Erdős, Hungarian mathematician (d. 1996)
★
★ Jacqueline de Romilly, French philologist
★ March 29 - R. S. Thomas, Welsh poet (d. 2000)
★ March 30
★
★ Richard Helms, American Central Intelligence Agency director (d. 2002)
★
★ Frankie Laine, American singer (d. 2007)
★
★ Ċensu Tabone, Maltese politician
★ March 31 - Etta Baker, American blues musician (d. 2006)
★ April 3 - Per Borten, Premier of Norway (d. 2005)
★ April 7 - Charles Vanik, American politician (d. 2007)
★ April 11 - Oleg Cassini, American fashion designer (d. 2006)
★ April 13 - Fred Davis, English snooker and billiards player (d. 1998)
★ April 14 - Jean Fournet, French conductor
★ April 27 - Philip Hauge Abelson, American physicist, writer, and editor (d. 2004)
May-June
★ May 1
★
★ Louis Nye, American comedian and actor (d. 2005)
★
★ Walter Susskind, Czech conductor (d. 1980)
★ May 5 - Tyrone Power, American actor (d. 1958)
★ May 8 - Saima Harmaja, Finnish poet (d. 1937)
★ May 11 - Robert Jungk, Austrian journalist (d. 1994)
★ May 13 - William R. Tolbert, Jr., President of Liberia (d. 1980)
★ May 16 - Woody Herman, American musician and band leader (d. 1987)
★ May 20 - William Hewlett, American businessman (d. 2001)
★ May 26 - Peter Cushing, English actor (d. 1994)
★ May 29 - Tony Zale, American boxer (d. 1997)
★ June 6 - Carlo L. Golino, American scholar (d. 1991)
★ June 10 - Tikhon Khrennikov, Russian composer
★ June 11
★
★ Vince Lombardi, American football coach (d. 1970)
★
★ Risë Stevens, American mezzosoprano singer
★ June 18
★
★ Robert Mondavi, American wine maker
★
★ Sylvia Field Porter, American economist and journalist (d. 1991)
★ June 25 - Cyril Fletcher, British comedian (d. 2005)
★ June 28 - Franz Antel, Austrian filmmaker
★ June 30 - Alfonso López Michelsen, 32nd Colombian President (d. 2007)
July-August
★ July 3 - Dorothy Kilgallen - American newspaper columnist (d. 1965)
★ July 12
★
★ Philip Mayer Kaiser, United States diplomat (d. 2007)
★
★ Willis Lamb, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
★ July 14 - Gerald Ford, 38th President of the United States (d. 2006)
★ July 17 - Roger Garaudy, French Holocaust denier
★ July 18 - Red Skelton, American comedian (d. 1997)
★ July 22
★
★ Gorni Kramer, Italian bandleader and songwriter (d. 1995)
★
★ Licia Albanese, Italian-born opera soprano
★ July 23 - Michael Foot, British Labour Party leader
★ August 8
★
★ John Facenda, American broadcaster and sports announcer (d. 1984)
★
★ Robert Stafford, Governor of Vermont, U.S Representative and U.S. Senator. (d. 2006)
★ August 10 - Wolfgang Pauli, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1993)
★ August 13 - Makarios III, Archbishop and first President of Cyprus (d.1977)
★ August 16 - Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
★ August 17
★
★ Rudy York, baseball player (d. 1970)
★
★ W. Mark Felt, American Federal Bureau of Investigation Associate Director and Deep Throat Watergate informant
★ August 19 - Richard Simmons, American actor (d. 2003)
★ August 20 - Roger Wolcott Sperry, American neurobiologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1994)
★ August 23 - Ethel Norma Meiklejohn, Grandmother, writer, (d. 2005)
★ August 27 - Nina Schenk von Stauffenberg, German wife of freedom fighter Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg (d. 2006)
★ August 28
★
★ Robertson Davies, Canadian novelist (d. 1995)
★
★ Richard Tucker, American tenor (d. 1975)
★ August 29
★
★ Jan Ekier, Polish pianist and composer
★ August 30 - Richard Stone, British economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)
★ August 31 - Helen Levitt, American photographer
September-October
★ September 2 - Israel Gelfand, Russian mathematician
★ September 4 - Stanford Moore, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1982)
★ September 12 - Jesse Owens, American athlete (d. 1980)
★ September 14 - Jacobo Arbenz, President of Guatemala (d. 1971)
★ September 15 - John N. Mitchell, United States Attorney General and convicted Watergate criminal (d. 1988)
★ September 19 - Frances Farmer, American actress (d. 1970)
★ September 28 - Warja Honegger-Lavater, Swiss artist and illustrator (d. 2007)
★ September 29
★
★ Trevor Howard, English actor (d. 1988)
★
★ Stanley Kramer, American film producer, director, and writer (d. 2001)
★
★ Silvio Piola, Italian footballer (d. 1996)
★ September 30 - Bill Walsh, American movie producer and writer (d. 1975)
★ October 10 - Claude Simon, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2005)
★ October 22 - Robert Capa, Hungarian-born photojournalist (d. 1954)
November-December
★ November 2 - Burt Lancaster, American actor (d. 1994)
★ November 5 - Vivien Leigh, British actress (d. 1967)
★ November 7 - Albert Camus, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1960)
★ November 7 - Elizabeth Bradford Holbrook, Canadian sculptor
★ November 9 - Hedy Lamarr, Austrian actress (d. 2000)
★ November 10 - Álvaro Cunhal, Portuguese politician (d. 2005)
★ November 13 - Alexander Scourby, American actor (d. 1985)
★ November 15 - Arthur Haulot, Belgian journalist (d. 2005)
★ November 21
★
★ John Boulting, English film director (d.1985)
★
★ Roy Boulting, English film director and producer (d. 2001)
★ November 22 - Benjamin Britten, English composer (d. 1976)
★ November 25 - Lewis Thomas, American physician and essayist (d. 1993)
★ December 6
★
★ Nikolai Amosov, Ukrainian heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast (d. 2002)
★
★ Eleanor Holm, American swimmer (d. 2004)
★ December 8 - Delmore Schwartz, American poet (d. 1966)
★ December 9 - Frances Reid, American actress
★ December 10
★
★ Morton Gould, American composer (d. 1996)
★
★ Harry Locke, British character actor (d. 1987)
★ December 13 - Arnold Brown, Salvation Army general (d. 2002)
★ December 15 - Muriel Rukeyser, American poet (d. 1980)
★ December 16 - George Ignatieff, a Canadian diplomat was the recipient of the 1984 Pearson Medal of Peace.
★ December 18
★
★ Alfred Bester, American author (d. 1987)
★
★ Willy Brandt, Chancellor of Germany, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1992)
★ December 21 - Arnold Friberg, American artist
★ December 30 - Elyne Mitchell, Australian author (d. 2002)
Deaths
January - June
★ January 2 - Léon Teisserenc de Bort, French meteorologist (b. 1855)
★ January 4 - Alfred von Schlieffen, German field marshal (b. 1833)
★ February 22 - Francisco I. Madero, President of Mexico (b. 1873)
★ February 26 - Felix Draeseke, German composer (b. 1835)
★ March 10 - Harriet Tubman, American abolitionist (b. 1820)
★ March 11 - John Shaw Billings, American military and medical leader (b. 1838)
★ March 18 - King George I of Greece (b. 1845)
★ March 22 - Sung Chiao-jen, Chinese revolutionary (b. 1882)
★ March 31 - J.P.Morgan, American financier and banker (b. 1837)
★ May 1 - John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (b. 1850)
★ May 16 - Louis Perrier, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1849)
★ June 5 - Chris von der Ahe, German-born brewer and baseball owner
★ June 8 - Emily Davison, British suffragette (b. 1872)
★ June 28 - Manoel Ferraz de Campos Salles, Brazilian president (b.1841)
July - December
★ July 3 - Horatio Nelson Young, American naval hero (b. 1845)
★ July 13 - Edward Burd Grubb, American Civil War Union Brevet Brigadier General (b. 1841)
★ July 29 - Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1838)
★ September 30 - Rudolf Diesel, German engine inventor (b. 1858)
★ October 5 - Hans von Bartels, German painter (b. 1856)
★ November 7 - Alfred Russel Wallace, Welsh biologist (b. 1823)
★ November 22 - Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Japanese shogun (b. 1837)
★ December 7 - Luigi Oreglia di Santo Stefano, Italian Catholic churchman and last surviving cardinal of Pius IX (b. 1828)
★ December 12 - Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (b. 1844)
Nobel prizes
★ Physics - Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
★ Chemistry - Alfred Werner
★ Medicine - Charles Robert Richet
★ Literature - Rabindranath Tagore
★ Peace - Henri La Fontaine
Ship events
★ List of ship launches in 1913
★ List of ship commissionings in 1913
★ List of ship decommissionings in 1913
See also
★ 20th century
Notes
External links
★ 1913 Coin Pictures
★ 1913': Annus horribilis' by Michael C. Tuggle of LewRockwell.com
Table of contents
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