1923

Year '1923' ('MCMXXIII') was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.

Contents

Events of 1923

January-February

March-April

May-June

July-August

September-October

November-December

Undated

Ongoing

Births

January - February

March - April

May - June

July - August

September - October

November - December

Deaths

January - June

July - December

Nobel prizes

See also

Notes

External references

Table of Contents

Events of 1923

January-February

★ January 1 - Grouping of all UK railway companies into four larger companies.

★ January 10 - Lithuania seizes and annexes Memel.

★ January 11 - Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to pay its reparation payments.

★ January 17 - Juan de la Cierva invents the autogyro, a rotary-winged aircraft with an unpowered rotor.

★ January 18 - Elon College's campus is destroyed by a fire.

★ February 28 - Barcelona (Spain): Albert Einstein visits the city, at the invitation of scientist Esteban Terradas i Illa.

March-April

★ March - ''Antigone'' by Jean Cocteau appears on a Paris stage. Settings by Pablo Picasso, music by Arthur Honegger, and costumes by Gabrielle Chanel. Antonin Artaud played the part of Tiresias.

★ March 1

★
★ USS Connecticut decommissioned.

★
★ Greece adopts the Gregorian calendar.

★ March 2 - ''Time Magazine'' hits newsstands for the first time.

★ March 9 - Vladimir Lenin suffers a stroke, his third, which renders him bedridden and unable to speak; consequently he retires his position as Chairman of the Soviet government.

★ March 28 - Regia Aeronautica, air force of Fascist Italy, is founded.

★ April - End of Irish Civil War.

★ April 6 - The first Prefects Board in Southeast Asia is formed in Victoria Institution, Malaysia.

★ April 12 - Kandersteg International Scout Centre came into existence.

★ April 23

★
★ Ceremonial inauguration of Gdynia seaport.

★
★ The House that Ruth Built: Yankee Stadium opens in New York City.

★ April 24 - Angora is discovered in Derbyshire.

★ April 26 - Wedding of Prince Albert and Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in Westminster Abbey.

★ April - The date when Turkish Council was founded by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk.

May-June

★ May 3 - Creation of Aleph Zadik Aleph

★ May 23 - Launch of Belgium's SABENA Airlines.

★ May 27 - Ku Klux Klan defies law requiring publication of its members.

★ June 9 - Military coup in Bulgaria - prime minister Aleksandar Stamboliyski is ousted (he is killed June 14).

★ June 13 - China President Li abandoned his residence because a warlord had commanded forces to surround the mansion and cut off water and electric supplies of the residence in order to force him to abandon his post.

★ June 16 - Storm of Ayan in Siberia concludes the Yakut Revolt and the Russian Civil War

★ June 18 - Etna volcano erupts - 60,000 made homeless.

★ June 25 - Rapid Bucureşti is formed on the initiative of the Griviţa railroad workers. The name given at the time was CFR Bucureşti.

July-August

★ July 10 - Large hailstones kill 23 in Rostow, Soviet Union.

★ July 19-20 night - Assassination of Pancho Villa.

★ July 24 - The Treaty of Lausanne, settling the boundaries of modern Turkey, is signed in Switzerland by Greece, Bulgaria and other countries that fought in the First World War.

★ August 2 - Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States, (1921 - 1923) dies in office and is succeeded by Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929).

★ August 13

★
★ First major sea-going ship arrives at Gdynia, newly constructed Polish seaport.

★
★ Gustav Stresemann is named chancellor and founds a coalition government in Weimar Republic Germany.

September-October

★ September 1 - Great Kantō earthquake devastates Tokyo and Yokohama, killing an estimated 142,807 people.

★ September 4 - In Lakehurst, New Jersey, the first American airship, the USS ''Shenandoah'', takes to the sky for the first time.

★ September 6 - Italian navy occupies Corfu in retaliation of murder of an Italian officer. League of Nations protests and they leave September 29.

★ September 8 - Honda Point Disaster: Seven US Navy destroyers ran aground off the California coast.

★ September 9 - Atatürk founded the CHP.

★ September 10 - Ireland joins League of Nations.

★ September 13 - Military coup in Spain - Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship.

★ September 17 - A major fire in Berkeley, California erupts, consumed some 640 structures, including 584 homes in the densely-built neighborhoods north of the campus of the University of California.

★ September 18 - 26 - Newspaper printers strike in New York.

★ September 26 - In Bayern, Gustav Ritter von Kahr declares independence from Berlin.

★ October 13 - Ankara replaces İstanbul as the capital of Turkey.

★ October 26 - in Persia, Reza Khan became Ahmad Shah Qajar's prime minister.

★ October 29 - Turkey becomes a republic following the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire.

November-December

★ November 8 - Beer Hall Putsch: In Munich, Adolf Hitler leads the Nazis in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the German government; police and troops crush the attempt the next day.

★ November 12- Her Highness Princess Maud of Fife marries Captain Charles Alexander Carnegie in Wellington Barracks, London.

★ November 15 - The hyperinflation in Germany reaches its height. One United States dollar is worth 4,200,000,000,000,000 Papiermark (4.2 quadrillion). Gustav Stresemann abolishes the old currency.

★ November 23 - Gustav Stresemann's coalition government collapses.

★ December 12 - In Italy, the Po river dam bursts - 600 dead.

★ December 27 - Assassination attempt against the crown prince of Japan in Tokyo.

Undated

★ Unemployment insurance scheme introduced in Queensland.

★ Finnish flag carrier Finnair airline is started in Aero Oy.

★ Interpol is set up.

★ International Police Conference in Vienna.

★ Hoda Cha'arawi Association (formerly The Egyptian Feminist Union) is established in Egypt.

★ Trade unions banned in Spain for 10 years.

★ Police strike in Australia.

★ American Law Institute established.

★ Moderation League of New York becomes part of the movement for repeal of prohibition in the United States.

Ongoing

★ Pontic Greek Genocide (1916–1923).

Births

January - February

★ January 1

★
★ Vulo Radev, Bulgarian film director (d. 2001)

★
★ Roméo Sabourin, Canadian World War II spy (d. 1944)

★ January 5 - Sam Phillips, American record producer (d. 2003)

★ January 6 - Jacobo Timerman, Argentine writer (d. 1999)

★ January 7 - Hugh Kenner, Canadian literary critic (d. 2003)

★ January 8 - Johnny Wardle, English cricketer (d. 1985)

★ January 16 - Anthony Hecht, American poet (d. 2004)

★ January 19 - Jean Stapleton, American actress

★ January 23 - Stephanie Kwolek, inventor of Kevlar fibers

★ January 25 - Arvid Carlsson, Swedish scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

★ January 26 - Anne Jeffreys, American actress

★ January 29 - Paddy Chayefsky, American writer (d. 1981)

★ January 31 - Norman Mailer, American writer and journalist

★ February 2

★
★ James Dickey, American poet and author (d. 1997)

★
★ Liz Smith, American gossip columnist

★ February 9 - Brendan Behan, Irish author (d. 1964)

★ February 10 - Cesare Siepi, Italian opera singer

★ February 12 - Franco Zeffirelli, Italian film and opera director

★ February 13

★
★ Yfrah Neaman, Lebanese-born violinist (d. 2003)

★
★ Chuck Yeager, American pilot and NASA official

★ February 20 - Forbes Burnham, President of Guyana (d. 1985)

★ February 24 - David Soyer, American cellist

★ February 27 - Dexter Gordon, American jazz saxophone player (d. 1990)

March - April

★ March 4 - Sir Patrick Moore, British astronomer and broadcaster

★ March 6 - Ed McMahon, American television personality

★ March 9 - Walter Kohn, Austrian-born physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry

★ March 10 - Val Logsdon Fitch, American nuclear physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

★ March 12 - Wally Schirra, astronaut (d. 2007)

★ March 21 - Shri Mataji Nirmala Srivastava, Indian founder of Sahaja Yoga

★ March 22 - Marcel Marceau, French Mime

★ March 25 - Wim van Est, Dutch cyclist (d. 2003)

★ March 26 - Bob Elliott, American comedian

★ March 27 - Louis Simpson, Jamaican-born poet

★ March 30 - Milton Acorn, Canadian writer (d. 1986)

★ April 2 - G. Spencer-Brown, British mathematician

★ April 6 - Ramon Valdes, Mexican comedian (d. 1988)

★ April 8

★
★ George Fisher, American political cartoonist (d. 2003)

★
★ Edward Mulhare, Irish actor (d. 1997)

★ April 13 - Don Adams, American actor and comedian (d. 2005)

★ April 20 - Mother Angelica, American founder of the Eternal Word Television Network (EWTN)

★ April 22

★
★ Bettie Page, American model

★
★ Aaron Spelling, American television producer and writer (d. 2006)

★ April 23 - Dolph Briscoe, Governor of Texas

★ April 25 - Albert King, American musician (d. 1992)

★ April 30 - Al Lewis, American actor (d. 2006)

May - June

★ May 1 - Joseph Heller, American novelist (d. 1999)

★ May 2 - Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland

★ May 3 - Ralph Hall, American politician

★ May 4 - Assi Rahbani, Lebanese composer, musician, conductor, poet and author (d. 1986)

★ May 5 - Richard Wollheim, British philosopher (d. 2003)

★ May 7 - Anne Baxter, American actress (d. 1985)

★ May 10 - Verne Gagne, American professional wrestler

★ May 15 - John Lanchbery, English composer (d. 2003)

★ May 16 - Merton Miller, American economist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2000)

★ May 18 - Hugh Shearer, Prime Minister of Jamaica (d. 2004)

★ May 21

★
★ Armand Borel, Swiss mathematician (d. 2003)

★
★ Dorothy Hewett, writer (d. 2002)

★
★ Ara Parseghian, American football coach

★ May 26 - James Arness, American actor

★ May 27 - Henry Kissinger, United States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

★ May 28

★
★ György Ligeti, Hungarian composer (d. 2006)

★
★ NTR, Nandamuri Taraka Rama Rao, Indian (Telugu) film actor (d. 1996)

★ May 31 - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)

★ June 4 - Elizabeth Jolley, Australian writer (d. 2007)

★ June 10 - Robert Maxwell, Slovakian-born media entrepreneur (d. 1991)

★ June 15 - Johnny Most, American basketball radio announcer (d. 1993)

★ June 24 - Jack Carter, American comedian

★ June 27 - Gus Zernial, American baseball player

July - August

★ July 2 - Wislawa Szymborska, Polish writer, Nobel Prize laureate

★ July 4 - Rudolf Friedrich, Swiss Federal Councilor

★ July 8 - Harrison Dillard, American athlete

★ July 18 - Jerome H. Lemelson, American inventor (d. 1997)

★ July 20 - Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (d. 2005)

★ July 21 - Rudolph A. Marcus, Canadian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate

★ July 22

★
★ Bob Dole, American politician and Presidential candidate

★
★ Mukesh, Indian singer (d. 1976)

★ July 23

★
★ Witto Aloma, Cuban Major League Baseball player (d. 1997)

★
★ Norma Zimmer, American singer

★
★ Estelle Getty, American actress

★ July 28 - H.S.S. Lawrence, Indian educationist

★ July 29 - Jim Marshall, founder of Marshall Amplification.

★ August 5 - Devan Nair, third President of Singapore (d. 2005)

★ August 16 - Millôr Fernandes, Brazilian cartoonist and playwright

★ August 20 - Jim Reeves, American singer (d. 1964)

★ August 21

★
★ Shimon Peres, Prime Minister of Israel, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

★
★ Larry Grayson, British comedian and game show host (d. 1995)

★ August 24 - Arthur Jensen, American educational psychologist

★ August 26 - Wolfgang Sawallisch, German conductor and pianist

★ August 29 - Marmaduke Hussey, Baron Hussey of North Bradley, Chairman of the BBC (d. 2006)

September - October

★ September 1

★
★ Rocky Marciano, American boxer (d. 1969)

★
★ Kenneth Roy Thomson, 2nd Baron Thomson of Fleet, Canadian businessman and art collector (d. 2006)

★ September 3 - Mort Walker, American cartoonist

★ September 6 - King Peter II of Yugoslavia (d. 1970)

★ September 7 - Madeleine Dring, British composer and actress (d. 1977)

★ September 9 - Daniel Carleton Gajdusek, American virologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

★ September 11 - Dharmsamrat Paramhans Swami Madhavananda, Indian guru (d. 2003)

★ September 16 - Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore

★ September 17 - Hank Williams, American country musician (d. 1953)

★ September 18 - Queen Anne of Romania

★ September 20 - Geraldine Clinton Little, Irish-born poet (d. 1997)

★ September 22 - Dannie Abse, Welsh poet

★ September 26 - Dev Anand, Indian actor

★ October 3 - Edward Oliver LeBlanc, Dominican politician (d. 2004)

★ October 5 - Albert Guðmundsson, Icelandic professional football player and politician (d. 1994)

★ October 5 - Glynis Johns, British actress

★ October 13 - Faas Wilkes, Dutch football (soccer) player (d. 2006)

★ October 15 - Italo Calvino, Italian writer (d. 1985)

★ October 17 - Charles McClendon, Hall of Fame college football coach (d. 2001)

★ October 23

★
★ Frank Sutton, American actor (d. 1974)

★
★ Sir Robin Day, British political broadcaster (d. 2000)

★ October 24 - Denise Levertov, British-born American poet (d. 1997)

November - December

★ November 1

★
★ Victoria de los Angeles, Catalan soprano (d. 2005)

★
★ Gordon R. Dickson, Canadian author (d. 2001)

★ November 3 - Tomás Cardinal Ó Fiaich, Northern Irish clergyman (d. 1990)

★ November 8 - Jack Kilby, American electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics (d. 2005)

★ November 18 - Alan Shepard, American astronaut (d. 1998)

★ November 20 - Nadine Gordimer, South African writer, Nobel Prize laureate

★ November 22 - Arthur Hiller, Canadian film director

★ November 23 - Billy Haughton, American harness driver and trainer (d. 1986)

★ November 25 - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland

★ December 2 - Maria Callas, Greek soprano (d. 1977)

★ December 12 - Bob Barker, American game show host

★ December 13

★
★ Philip Warren Anderson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate

★
★ Larry Doby, baseball player (d. 2003)

★
★ Antoni Tàpies, Catalan painter

★ December 14

★
★ Gerard Reve, Dutch writer (d. 2006)

★
★ Sully Boyar, American actor (d. 2001)

★ December 15 - Freeman Dyson, English-born physicist

★ December 17 - Jaroslav Pelikan, American historian (d. 2006)

★ December 23

★
★ Claudio Scimone, Italian conductor

★
★ James Stockdale, U.S. Navy admiral (d. 2005)

★ December 24 - George Patton IV, American general (d. 2004)

★ December 25 - Sonia Olschanezky, World War II heroine (d. 1944)

★ ''date unknown'' - Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith, English/Canadian geologist and glaciologist

Deaths

January - June

★ January 9

★
★ Katherine Mansfield, British novelist (b. 1888)

★
★ Edith Thompson, hanged for murder (or adultery; b. 25 December 1893)

★ January 23 - Max Nordau, Hungarian author, philosopher, and Zionist leader (b. 1849)

★ January 31 - Eligiusz Niewiadomski, Polish artist, political activist and assassin (executed) (b. 1869)

★ February 3 - Kuroki Tamemoto, Japanese military leader (b. 1844)

★ February 10 - Wilhelm Röntgen, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1845)

★ February 23 - Théophile Delcassé, French statesman (b. 1852)

★ March 8 - Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Dutch physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1837)

★ March 26 - Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (b. 1844)

★ March 27 - Sir James Dewar, Scottish chemist (b. 1842)

★ March 28 - Michel-Joseph Maunoury, French general (b. 1847)

★ April 4 - John Venn, British mathematician (b. 1834)

★ April 5 - George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (b. 1866)

★ April 23 - Princess Louise of Prussia, Grand Duchess of Baden (b. 1838)

★ June 9 - Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, third daughter of Queen Victoria (b. 1846)

★ June 24 - Edith Södergran, Finnish author (b. 1892)

July - December

★ July 10 - Albert Chevalier, music hall comedian (b. 1861)

★ July 23 - Pancho Villa, Mexican revolutionary (b. 1878)

★ August 2 - Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (b. 1865)

★ August 24 - Kato Tomosaburo, 21st Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1861)

★ September 9 - Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca, 8th President of Brazil (b. 1855)

★ October 30 - Andrew Bonar Law, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1858)

★ November 9 (among those killed in Beer Hall Putsch):

★
★ Oskar Körner, businessman (b. 1875)

★
★ Karl Laforce, student (b. 1904)

★
★ Ludwig Maximilian Erwin von Scheubner-Richter, diplomat and revolutionary (b. 1884)

★ November 14 - Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover (b. 1845)

★ December 12 - Raymond Radiguet, French author (b. 1903)

★ December 13 - Théophile Steinlen, Swiss painter (b. 1859)

★ ''date unknown'' - Carl L. Boeckmann, Norwegian-American artist (b. 1867)

Nobel prizes

★ Physics - Robert Andrews Millikan

★ Chemistry - Fritz Pregl

★ Physiology or Medicine - Frederick Grant Banting, John James Richard Macleod

★ Literature - William Butler Yeats

★ Peace - Not awarded

See also

★ 20th century

Notes

External references

Table of Contents

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