Year '1934' ('
MCMXXXIV') was a
common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the
Gregorian calendar.
Events of 1934
January
★
January 1
★
★
Alcatraz becomes a federal prison.
★
★
Nazi Germany passes the "Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Babies."
★
★ New
Constitution of
Estonia enters into force.
★
January 7 - The first
Flash Gordon comic strip is published.
★
January 10 - Execution of
Marinus van der Lubbe.
★
January 13 - The
Candidate of Science degree is established in the
USSR.
★
January 24 -
Einstein visits the
White House
★
January 26
★
★ The
Apollo Theater opens in
Harlem, New York City.
★
★ The 10 year
German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact is signed by
Germany and the
Second Polish Republic.
February
★
February 6 -
February 6, 1934 French political crisis. The French
far right leagues rally in front of the
Palais Bourbon, an attempted
coup against the
Third Republic
★
February 9 -
Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France
★
February 12 - The
Export-Import Bank is incorporated.
★
February 12 to
February 16 -
Austrian Civil War
★
February 16 -
Commission of Government sworn in as form of direct rule for the
Dominion of Newfoundland.
★
February 22 -
Frank Capra's ''
It Happened One Night'' , starring
Clark Gable and
Claudette Colbert, is released. It becomes a smash hit and the first of Capra's great screen classics. It will become the first film to win all five of the major
Academy Awards -
Best Actor,
Best Actress, Best Screenplay,
Best Director, and
Best Picture. Gable and Colbert will receive their only Oscars for this film.
★
February 23 -
Léopold III becomes King of
Belgium.
March
★
March 1 -
Manchuria becomes
Manchukuo following an invasion by the Japanese
★
March 3 -
John Dillinger escapes from jail in
Crown Point, Indiana, using a wooden pistol
★
March 8 -
Prince Sigvard of Sweden loses his titles because of his marriage.
★
March 12 - A coup in
Estonia by
Konstantin Päts and general
Johan Laidoner. All parties are banned.
★
March 13 -
John Dillinger,
Baby Face Nelson and their gang rob the First National Bank in
Mason City, Iowa.
★
March 20 - All the police forces in Germany come under command of
Heinrich Himmler
April
★
April 1 -
Clyde Barrow and
Bonnie Parker kill two young highway patrolmen near
Grapevine, Texas.
★
April 6 -
Rudyard Kipling and
William Butler Yeats are awarded the Gothenburg Prize for Poetry.
★
April 14 - Black Sunday
★
April 19 -
Surgeon R.K. Wilson allegedly takes a
photograph of the
Loch Ness Monster.
★
April 22 -
John Dillinger and two others shoot their way out of an
FBI ambush in northern
Wisconsin
May
★
May 7 -
Pearl of Lao Tzu, 24 x 14 cm, is found in a
giant clam off
Palawan,
Philippines.
★
May 11 -
Dust Bowl: A strong two-day
dust storm removes massive amounts of
Great Plains topsoil in one of the worst dust storms of the Dust Bowl.
★
May 15
★
★ The
United States Department of Justice offers a $25,000 reward for
John Dillinger.
★
★
Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in
Latvia.
★
May 23 - A team of police officers, led by Texas Ranger Frank Hamer, ambush bank robbers
Bonnie Parker and
Clyde Barrow near their hide-out in
Black Lake, Louisiana, killing them both.
★
May 24 -
Tomáš Masaryk re-elected president of
Czechoslovakia.
★
May 28 - Near
Callander, Ontario, the
Dionne quintuplets are born to Oliva and Elzire Dionne, becoming the first
quintuplets to survive
infancy.
★
May 29 -
May 31 - The Confessional Synod of the
German Evangelical Church met in
Barmen, Germany to write the
Barmen Declaration.
June
★
June 6 -
New Deal: U.S. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt signs the
Securities Exchange Act into law, establishing the
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
★
June 9 - Release of the animated short ''
The Wise Little Hen'', directed by
Bert Gillett for the
Silly Symphonies series, featuring the debut of
Donald Duck.
★
June 10 -
Italy beat
Czechoslovakia 2-1 after extra time to win the
1934 World Cup.
★
June 12 - Political parties banned in
Bulgaria
★
June 14 -
Max Baer defeats champion
Primo Carnera for the world heavyweight
boxing title.
★
June 18 -
The Indain Reorganization Act or known as Wheeler- Howard Act was made.
★
June 27 -
Emir of
Yemen and ibn Saud of
Saudi Arabia conclude a peace treaty
★
June 30
★
★ The Nazi
SA camp
Oranienburg becomes national camp, taken over by the
SS.
★
★
Night of the Long Knives -
Nazis purge the
SA
July
★
July 1
★
★ The world famous
Brookfield Zoo opens.
★
★ The
Hays Office censorship code for motion pictures goes into full effect in the
United States.
★
July 10 - German
social democrat and author
Erich Mühsam killed in
Oranienburg concentration camp
★
July 17 - Supreme court of
North Dakota declares lieutenant governor of the state,
Ole H. Olson, the legitimate governor and tells
William Langer to resign. Langer proceeds to declare North Dakota independent. He revokes the declaration after the Supreme Court justices meet him.
★
July 19 -
Francisco Sá Carneiro,
Prime Minister of
Portugal (
1980; died in office), is born.
★
July 22 - Outside
Chicago's Biograph Theatre, "Public Enemy No. 1"
John Dillinger is mortally wounded by
FBI agents.
★
July 25
★
★ Austrian
Nazis assassinate chancellor
Engelbert Dollfuss during a failed coup attempt.
★
★ Birth of Luang Por
Sumedho in
Seattle, Washington.
August
★
August 2 -
Adolf Hitler becomes ''
Führer'' of
Germany, becoming head of state as well as Chancellor.
★
August 8 - The
Wehrmacht swears a personal oath of loyalty to
Adolf Hitler.
★
August 13 - The
comic strip ''
Lil' Abner'' is first published.
★
August 19 - The first All-American
Soap Box Derby is held in
Dayton, Ohio.
September
★
September 8 - Off the
New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner ''
Morro Castle'' kills 134 people.
★
September 19 -
Soviet Union joins the
League of Nations
★
September 21 -
Typhoon in
Honshū,
Japan - 4000 dead
★
September 22 - A gas explosion took place at
Gresford Colliery in
Wrexham, north-east
Wales which led to the death of 266 miners and rescuers. This was one of the worst tragedies in Welsh mining history.
★
September 28
★
★
Afghanistan joins the
League of Nations
★
★ Trial for the custody of young
Gloria Vanderbilt begins. It lasts seven weeks and ends with a compromise.
★
September 29 -
Stanley Matthews makes his
England debut, beginning a record 23-year international career
October
★
October 2 -
Tornado in
Osaka and
Kyoto destroys the rice harvest - 1660
dead, 5400
injured
★
October 5 - Asturian miners rebel. (
Asturias,
Spain).
★
October 6 -
Catalonian
separatists rebel
★
October 9 - King
Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister
Louis Barthou are assassinated during the king's state visit in
Marseilles.
★
October 16 - The
Long March of
Chinese communists begins.
★
October 22 - Charles Arthur "Pretty Boy" Floyd shot and killed by FBI agents near East Liverpool, Ohio.
November
★
November 12 - Muderer
Charles Manson is born.
★
November 13 - Italian government decreed that teachers must use a military or party uniform in a class.
★
November 21
★
★
MCC makes an ultimately controversial decision to alter the
lbw rule so a batsman can be lbw to a ball pitching outside off stump. The change is later blamed for many problems developing during the 1950s - primarily negative bowling outside leg stump to a field of short-leg fieldsmen.
★
★
Cole Porter's musical ''
Anything Goes'', starring
Ethel Merman, premieres in
New York City.
★
November 23 - An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the
Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at
Walwal, which lay well within
Ethiopian territory. This encounter leads to the
Abyssinia Crisis.
★
November 26 -
Universal Pictures releases the first film version of
Fannie Hurst's novel, ''
Imitation of Life'', starring
Claudette Colbert and
Louise Beavers. It gives Beavers, who was usually featured in small roles as a maid, her best screen role, and features the largest supporting role played by a black person in a
Hollywood film up till then. Its storyline is extremely daring for a 1934 film - part of it revolves around a young
mulatto girl rejecting her mother and trying to "pass for white". It is the first Hollywood film to seriously deal with this subject. The
1936 film version of ''
Show Boat '', also from Universal, will deal with a similar storyline.
★
November 27 - A running gun battle between
FBI agents and bank robber
Baby Face Nelson results in the death of one FBI agent and the mortal wounding of special agent Sam Cowley, who is still able to mortally shoot Nelson.
December
★
December 1 - In the
Soviet Union,
Politburo member
Sergei Kirov is shot dead at the
Communist Party headquarters in
Leningrad by
Leonid Nikolaev (it is widely thought that Soviet leader
Joseph Stalin ordered this murder).
★
December 5 -
Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50.
★
December 18 - Low-key
fascist conference in
Moreaux
★
December 24 - Actor
Lionel Barrymore begins what will become an annual tradition of the
Golden Age of Radio - playing the role of
Ebenezer Scrooge in dramatizations of
Charles Dickens's ''
A Christmas Carol''. Barrymore will continue playing Scrooge on radio until shortly before his death in
1954. He will also make a 78-RPM record album of the classic story, which will later be released on
LP.
★
December 26 -
American Airlines aircraft crashes in
Adirondack Mountains
★
December 27 -
Persia becomes
Iran
★
December 29 -
Japan renounces the
Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the
London Naval Treaty of 1930.
Undated
★ The
sonoluminescence effect is discovered.
★ The
GPU becomes the
NKVD.
★
Abidjan becomes the capital of the
French colony of
Côte d'Ivoire.
Ongoing
★ Rise of the
NAZI Party.
Births
January-February
★
January 7 -
Charlie Jenkins, American runner
★
January 9 -
Bart Starr, American football player
★
January 11 -
Jean Chrétien,
Prime Minister of Canada
★
January 16 -
Marilyn Horne, American mezzo-soprano
★
January 18 -
Raymond Briggs, British writer and illustrator
★
January 20 -
Tom Baker, British actor
★
January 22 -
Bill Bixby, American television actor (d.
1993)
★
January 24 -
Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet and dramatist (d.
1976)
★
February 5 -
Hank Aaron, American baseball player
★
February 7 -
Earl King, American musician (d.
2003)
★
February 10 -
Fleur Adcock, New Zealand poet
★
February 11
★
★
Tina Louise, American actress
★
★
Mary Quant, British fashion designer
★
★
John Surtees, British race car driver
★
February 12
★
★
Anne Krueger, American economist
★
★
Bill Russell, American basketball player
★
February 13 -
George Segal, American actor
★
February 14
★
★
Michel Corboz, Swiss conductor
★
★
Florence Henderson, American actress
★
February 15 -
Niklaus Wirth, Swiss computer scientist
★
February 17
★
★
Alan Bates, British actor (d.
2003)
★
★
Barry Humphries, Australian actor and comedian
★
February 20 -
Bobby Unser, American race car driver
★
February 21 -
Rue McClanahan, American actress
★
February 22
★
★
Sparky Anderson, baseball manager
★
★
Van Williams, American actor
★
February 24
★
★
Bettino Craxi,
Prime Minister of Italy (d.
2000)
★
★
Renata Scotto, Italian soprano
★
February 27
★
★
Vincent Fourcade, French-born interior designer and socialite (d.
1992)
★
★
Ralph Nader, American consumer activist
March-April
★
March 1
★
★
Jean-Michel Folon, Belgian sculptor (d.
2005)
★
★
Joan Hackett, American actress (d.
1983)
★
March 4
★
★
Mario Davidovsky, Argentinian composer
★
★
John Duffey, bluegrass musician (d.
1996)
★
★
Anne Haney, American actress (d.
2001)
★
★
Barbara McNair, American singer and actress (d.
2007)
★
★
Janez Strnad, Slovenian physicist
★
March 5 -
Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist,
Nobel Prize laureate
★
March 7
★
★
Franklin Clarke, American football player
★
★
Willard Scott, American television broadcaster
★
March 9
★
★
Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, first man in space (d.
1968)
★
★
Del Close, American actor, improviser, writer, and teacher (d.
1999)
★
March 11 -
Sam Donaldson, American reporter
★
March 13 -
Barry Hughart, American author
★
March 14
★
★
Eleanor Bron, British actress
★
★
Paul Rader, General of The Salvation Army
★
March 16 -
Ray Hnatyshyn,
Governor-General of Canada (d.
2002)
★
March 20 -
Willie Brown, Mayor of San Francisco, California
★
March 22
★
★
Orrin Hatch, U.S. Senator from Utah
★
★
Larry Martyn, comedy actor (d.
1994)
★
March 25 -
Gloria Steinem, American feminist
★
March 26 -
Alan Arkin, American actor
★
March 31 -
Shirley Jones, American singer and actress
★
March 31 -
Carlo Rubbia, Italian physicist,
Nobel Prize laureate
★
April 1 -
Rod Kanehl, baseball player (d.
2004)
★
April 2
★
★
Paul Joseph Cohen, American mathematician
★
★
Brian Glover, British actor and wrestler (d.
1997)
★
April 3 -
Jane Goodall, British zoologist
★
April 9 -
Bill Birch, New Zealand politician
★
April 11 -
Mark Strand, Canadian-born American poet
★
April 24
★
★
Shirley MacLaine, American actress
★
★
Jayakanthan, Tamil writer
★
April 25 -
Peter McParland, Irish footballer
★
April 29 -
Otis Rush, American musician
May-June
★
May 3 -
Henry Cooper, British boxer
★
May 9 -
Alan Bennett, British actor and writer
★
May 13 -
Leon Wagner, baseball player (d.
2004)
★
May 14 -
Siân Phillips, Welsh actress
★
May 15 -
George Roper, British comedian (d.
2003)
★
May 19 -
Jim Lehrer, American television journalist
★
May 21 -
Bengt I. Samuelsson, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
★
May 22 -
Peter Nero, American pianist
★
May 23 -
Robert Moog, American inventor of the synthesizer
★
May 24 -
Barry Rose, British choir director and organist
★
May 27 -
Harlan Ellison, American writer
★
May 28 -
Dionne quintuplets, American quintuplets
★
May 30 -
Aleksei Leonov, Russian cosmonaut
★
June 3 -
Rolland D. McCune, American theologian
★
June 5 -
Bill Moyers, American journalist
★
June 6 - King
Albert II of Belgium
★
June 16 -
William Forsyth Sharpe, American economist,
Nobel Prize laureate
★
June 26 -
Jeremy Wolfenden, British journalist (d.
1965)
★
June 28 -
Carl Levin, United States Senator
★
June 30 -
Harry Blackstone Jr., American magician (d.
1997)
July-August
★
July 1
★
★
Jean Marsh, British actress
★
★
Sydney Pollack, American film director
★
July 10 -
Jerry Nelson, American puppeteer
★
July 11 -
Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer
★
July 12 -
Van Cliburn, American pianist
★
July 13
★
★
Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer,
Nobel Prize laureate
★
★
Aleksei Yeliseyev, cosmonaut
★
July 14 -
John Tyndall, British politician (d.
2005)
★
July 15 -
Harrison Birtwistle, British composer
★
August 2 -
Valery Bykovsky, Russian cosmonaut
★
August 3 -
Jonas Savimbi, Angolan political and rebel leader (d.
2002)
★
August 4 -
Dallas Green, American baseball manager and executive
★
August 15 -
Nino Ferrer, French singer (d.
1998)
★
August 18 -
Vincent Bugliosi, American prosecutor and author
★
August 18 -
Roberto Clemente, Puerto Rican
Major League Baseball player (d.
1972)
★
August 19 -
Renee Richards, American transsexual physician and tennis player
★
August 22 -
Norman Schwarzkopf, U.S. Army general
★
August 23
★
★
Sonny Jurgensen, American football player
★
★
Barbara Eden, American actress
★
August 26 -
Tom Heinsohn, American baseketball player, coach, and broadcaster
★
August 30 -
Anatoli Solonitsyn, Russian actor (d.
1982)
September-October
★
September 2 -
Dominic Chianese, American actor
★
September 4 -
Clive Granger, Welsh-born economist,
Nobel Prize laureate
★
September 7 -
Little Milton, American musician
★
September 8 -
Peter Maxwell Davies, English composer
★
September 10 -
Charles Kuralt, American journalist (d.
1997)
★
September 15 -
Fred Nile, Australian Christian politician
★
September 17 -
Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (d.
1969)
★
September 19 -
Brian Epstein, English manager of
the Beatles (d.
1967)
libby marino great mom
★
September 20 -
Sophia Loren, Italian actress
★
September 21 -
Leonard Cohen, Canadian poet, novelist and singer/songwriter
★
September 24 -
Tommy Anderson, Scottish footballer
★
September 27 -
Wilford Brimley, diabeetic actor.
★
September 28 -
Brigitte Bardot, French actress, sex symbol of the 1950s and 60's, and animal rights activist
★
September 30 -
Anna Kashfi, Welsh actress
★
October 1 -
Chuck Hiller, baseball player (d.
2004)
★
October 2 -
Earl Wilson, baseball player (d.
2005)
★
October 4 -
Sam Huff, American football player
★
October 9 -
Jill Ker Conway, Australian-born author
★
October 13 -
Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer
★
October 17 -
Rico Rodriguez, Jamaican trombonist
★
October 18 -
Chuck Swindoll, American evangelist
★
October 30 -
Frans Brüggen, Dutch flutist, recorder player, and conductor
November-December
★
November 1 -
Umberto Agnelli, Swiss-born automobile executive (d.
2004)
★
November 9 -
Carl Sagan, American astronomer (d.
1996)
★
November 6 -
Barton Myers, American/Canadian architect
★
November 12 -
Charles Manson, American criminal
★
November 13 -
John Gowans, General of The Salvation Army
★
November 24 -
Alfred Schnittke, Volga German composer (d.
1998)
★
November 27 -
Ammo Baba, Assyrian soccer legend
★
December 2 -
Andre Rodgers, American baseball player (d.
2004)
★
December 3 -
Viktor Gorbatko, Russian cosmonaut
★
December 4 -
Wink Martindale, American game show host and disc jockey
★
December 5 -
Joan Didion, American writer
★
December 9
★
★
Judi Dench, British actress
★
★
Junior Wells, American harmonica player (d.
1998)
★
December 10 -
Howard Martin Temin, American geneticist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d.
1994)
★
December 18 -
Boris Volynov, Russian cosmonaut
★
December 19
★
★
Aki Aleong, Trinidad and Tobago actor
★
★
Al Kaline, baseball player
★
December 27 -
Larissa Latynina, Russian gymnast
★
December 28
★
★
Maggie Smith, British actress
★
★
Yujiro Ishihara, Japanese actor (d.
1987)
★
December 30
★
★
Joseph P. Hoar, U.S. Marine commander
★
★
John Norris Bahcall, American astrophysicist (d.
2005)
★
★
Del Shannon, American singer (d.
1990)
Deaths
January - March
★
January 6 -
Herbert Chapman, English football manager (b.
1878)
★
January 10 -
Marinus van der Lubbe, Dutch communist accused of setting fire to the Reichstag (executed) (b.
1909)
★
January 29 -
Fritz Haber, German chemist,
Nobel Prize laureate (b.
1868)
★
February 17 - King
Albert I of Belgium (b.
1875)
★
February 23 -
Edward Elgar, English composer (b.
1857)
★
March 15 -
Davidson Black, Canadian-born paleoanthropologist (b.
1884)
★
March 20 -
Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, Dutch Queen and regent (b.
1858)
★
March 29 -
Otto Hermann Kahn, German-born philanthropist (b.
1867)
April - June
★
May 23
★
★
Clyde Barrow, American outlaw (shot) (b.
1910)
★
★
Bonnie Parker, American outlaw (shot) (b.
1910)
★
May 25 -
Gustav Holst, English composer (b.
1874)
★
May 30 -
Togo Heihachiro, Japanese admiral (b.
1848)
★
June 10 -
Frederick Delius, English composer (b.
1862)
★
June 11 -
Lev Vygotsky, Russian developmental psychologist (b.
1896)
★
June 20 -
Andrew Jackson Zilker, American philanthropist (b.
1858)
★
June 30 -
Kurt von Schleicher,
Chancellor of Germany (b.
1882)
July - September
★
July 4 -
Marie Curie, Polish-born scientist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry and
physics (b.
1867)
★
July 8 -
Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer (b.
1848)
★
July 13 -
Kate Sheppard , New Zealand Womans sufferage for voting (b.
1848)
★
July 22 -
John Dillinger, American criminal (b.
1903)
★
July 25
★
★
François Coty, French perfume manufacturer (b.
1874)
★
★
Englebert Dolfuss,
Chancellor of Austria (assassinated) (b.
1892)
★
July 25 -
Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian anarchist (b.
1889)
★
July 26 -
Winsor McCay, American comic creator and animator (b.
1871)
★
July 27 -
Hubert Lyautey, Marshal of France (b.
1854)
★
July 28 -
Marie Dressler, Canadian actress (b.
1868)
★
August 2 -
Paul von Hindenburg, German general and politician (b.
1847)
★
September 2 -
Alcide Nunez, American musician (b.
1884)
October - December
★
October 17 -
Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish histologist and neuroscientist, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b.
1852)
★
November 2 -
Edmond James de Rothschild, French philanthropist (b.
1845)
★
November 16 -
Alice Liddell, English schoolgirl, inspiration for ''Alice's Adventures in Wonderland'' (b.
1852)
★
November 22 -
Harry Steppe, American vaudeville performer (b.
1888)
★
December 1 -
Sergei Kirov, Soviet leader (b.
1886)
Nobel prizes
★
Physics - not awarded
★
Chemistry -
Harold Clayton Urey
★
Physiology or Medicine -
George Hoyt Whipple,
George Richards Minot,
William Parry Murphy
★
Literature -
Luigi Pirandello
★
Peace -
Arthur Henderson
Notes
External links
Table of Contents
__TOC__
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