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Español37TH UNITED STATES CONGRESS
United States Capitol (1860)
The 'Thirty-seventh United States Congress' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4 1861 to March 3 1863, during the first two years of the first administration of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Seventh Census of the United States in 1850. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
| Contents |
| Dates of sessions |
| Party summary |
| Leadership |
| Major events |
| Major legislation |
| Members |
| Senate |
| House of Representatives |
| Delegates |
| Changes in membership |
| Officers |
| Notes |
| References |
| External links |
Dates of sessions
March 4 1861 - March 3 1863
★ Special session of the Senate: March 4 1861 – March 28 1861
★ First session: July 4 1861 – August 6 1861
★ Second session: December 2 1861 - July 17 1862
★ Third session: December 1 1862 - March 3 1863 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: 36th Congress
Next congress: 38th Congress
Party summary
Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee seceded from the Union during this Congress.
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
| :'Senate' ★ Democratic ''(D)'': 15 ★ Republican ''(R)'': 31 ''(majority)'' ★ Unionist ''(U)'': 3 ★ vacant: 1'TOTAL members: 50' | :'House of Representatives' ★ Democratic ''(D)'': 44 ★ Republican ''(R)'': 108 ''(majority)'' ★ Constitutional Unionist ''(CU)'': 2 ★ Union ''(UN)'': 2 ★ Unionist ''(U)'': 28 ★ Independent Democratic ''(ID)'': 1'TOTAL members: 183' |
Leadership
:'Senate'
★ Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
★
★ Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine
★ President pro tempore of the Senate:
★
★ Solomon Foot, ''Republican'' of Vermont, first elected in this Congress March 23 1861.
:'House of Representatives'
★ Speaker of the House
★
★ Galusha A. Grow, ''Republican'' of Pennsylvania, elected July 4 1861.
Major events
:''Main article: Events of 1861; Events of 1862; Events of 1863''
★ March 4 1861 Abraham Lincoln became President of the United States
Major legislation
:''Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 37th Congress
★ August 5, 1861 - Revenue Act of 1861, ch. 45, 12 Stat. 242
★ May 20 1862 - Homestead Act, ch. 75, 12 Stat. 392
★ July 1, 1862 - Revenue Act of 1862, ch. 119, 12 Stat. 432
★ July 1, 1862 - Pacific Railway Act, ch. 120, 12 Stat. 489
★ July 2, 1862 - Morrill Land Grant Colleges Act, ch. 130, 12 Stat. 503 ( et seq)
★ July 17, 1862 - Militia Act, ch. 201, 12 Stat. 597
★ February 24 1863 Arizona Territory was organized.
★ February 25 1863 - National Banking Act, ch 58, 12 Stat. 665
★ March 2 1863 - False Claims Act, ch. 67, 12 Stat. 696 ''et seq''
★ March 3 1863 - Enrollment Act, ch. 75, 12 Stat. 731
★ March 3 1863 Idaho Territory was organized.
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
:''See also: 37th United States Congress - political parties''
:''See also: 37th United States Congress - State Delegations''
:''See also: United States House elections, 1860''
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1862; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1864; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1866.
:''See also:
:''See also:
| :'Alabama' ★ 2: vacant ★ 3: vacant :'Arkansas' ★ 2: William K. Sebastian ''(D)'' ★ 3: Charles B. Mitchel ''(D)'' :'California' ★ 1: Milton S. Latham ''(D)'' ★ 3: James A. McDougall ''(D)'' :'Connecticut' ★ 3: La Fayette S. Foster ''(R)'' ★ 1: James Dixon ''(R)'' :'Delaware' ★ 1: James A. Bayard, Jr. ''(D)'' ★ 2: Willard Saulsbury, Sr. ''(D)'' :'Florida' ★ 1: vacant ★ 3: vacant :'Georgia' ★ 2: vacant ★ 3: vacant :'Illinois' ★ 2: Stephen A. Douglas ''(D)'' ★ : Orville H. Browning ''(R)'' ★ : William A. Richardson ''(D)'' ★ 3: Lyman Trumbull ''(R)'' :'Indiana' ★ 1: Jesse D. Bright ''(D)'' ★ : Joseph A. Wright ''(U)'' ★ : David Turpie ''(D)'' ★ 3: Henry S. Lane ''(R)'' :'Iowa' ★ 3: James Harlan ''(R)'' ★ 2: James W. Grimes ''(R)'' :'Kansas' ★ 3: Samuel C. Pomeroy ''(R)'' ★ 2: James H. Lane ''(R)'' :'Kentucky' ★ 2: Lazarus W. Powell ''(D)'' ★ 3: John C. Breckinridge ''(D)'' ★ : Garrett Davis ''(U)'' | :'Louisiana' ★ 2: vacant ★ 3: vacant :'Maine' ★ 2: William Pitt Fessenden ''(R)'' ★ 1: Lot M. Morrill ''(R)'' :'Maryland' ★ 3: James A. Pearce ''(D)'' ★ : Thomas H. Hicks ''(U)'' ★ 1: Anthony Kennedy ''(U)'' :'Massachusetts' ★ 1: Charles Sumner ''(R)'' ★ 2: Henry Wilson ''(R)'' :'Michigan' ★ 1: Zachariah Chandler ''(R)'' ★ 2: Kinsley S. Bingham ''(R)'' ★ : Jacob M. Howard ''(R)'' :'Minnesota' ★ 1: Henry M. Rice ''(D)'' ★ 2: Morton S. Wilkinson ''(R)'' :'Mississippi' ★ 1: vacant ★ 2: vacant :'Missouri' ★ 1: Trusten Polk ''(D)'' ★ : John B. Henderson ''(U)'' ★ 3: Waldo Porter Johnson ''(D)'' ★ : Robert Wilson ''(U)'' :'New Hampshire' ★ 2: John P. Hale ''(R)'' ★ 3: Daniel Clark ''(R)'' :'New Jersey' ★ 1: John R. Thomson ''(D)'' ★ : Richard S. Field ''(R)'' ★ : James W. Wall ''(D)'' ★ 2: John C. Ten Eyck ''(R)'' :'New York' ★ 1: Preston King ''(R)'' ★ 3: Ira Harris ''(R)'' | :'North Carolina' ★ 3: Thomas L. Clingman ''(D)'' ★ 2: Thomas Bragg ''(D)'' :'Ohio' ★ 1: Benjamin F. Wade ''(R)'' ★ 3: Salmon P. Chase ''(R)'' ★ : John Sherman ''(R)'' :'Oregon' ★ 2: Edward D. Baker ''(R)'' ★ : Benjamin Stark ''(D)'' ★ : Benjamin F. Harding ''(D)'' ★ 3: James W. Nesmith ''(D)'' :'Pennsylvania' ★ 1: Simon Cameron ''(R)'' ★ : David Wilmot ''(R)'' ★ 3: Edgar Cowan ''(R)'' :'Rhode Island' ★ 1: James F. Simmons ''(R)'' ★ : Samuel G. Arnold ''(R)'' ★ 2: Henry B. Anthony ''(R)'' :'South Carolina' ★ 2: James Chesnut, Jr. ''(D)'' ★ 3: vacant :'Tennessee' ★ 1: Andrew Johnson ''(D)'' ★ 2: Alfred O. P. Nicholson ''(D)'' :'Texas' ★ 2: John Hemphill ''(D)'' ★ 1: Louis T. Wigfall ''(D)'' :'Vermont' ★ 1: Solomon Foot ''(R)'' ★ 3: Jacob Collamer ''(R)'' :'Virginia' ★ 1: James M. Mason ''(D)'' ★ : Waitman T. Willey ''(U)'' ★ 2: Robert M. T. Hunter ''(D)'' ★ : John S. Carlile ''(U)'' :'Wisconsin' ★ 1: James R. Doolittle ''(R)'' ★ 3: Timothy O. Howe ''(R)'' |  President ''pro tempore'' Solomon Foot |
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise ''at-large,'' are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
:''See also:
:''See also:
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
| :'Senate' ★ replacements: 12 ★ ★ Democratic: 6 seat net loss ★ ★ Republican: 1 set net gain ★ ★ Unionist Party: 5 seat net gain ★ deaths: 4 ★ resignations: 4 ★ expulsions: 9 ★ withdrawals: 4 ★ vacancy: 11 ★ interim appointments: 4 ★ seats from newly admitted states: 2 ★ 'Total seats with changes: 20' | :'House of Representatives' ★ replacements: 19 ★ ★ Democratic: 1 seat net gain ★ ★ Republican: 3 seat net loss ★ ★ Constitutional Unionist: 1 seat net loss ★ ★ Unionist Party: 1 seat net gain ★ deaths: 4 ★ resignations: 13 ★ expulsions: 3 ★ contested election: 3 ★ 'Total seats with changes: 23' |
Officers
Notes
1. all representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket
References
★ The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989,
★ The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982,
External links
★ Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
★ Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
★ House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
★ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
★ U.S. House of Representatives: House History
★ U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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