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Español42ND UNITED STATES CONGRESS
United States Capitol (1869)
The 'Forty-second United States Congress' was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, comprised of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from March 4 1871 to March 3 1873, during the last two years of the first administration of U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant.
The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighth Census of the United States in 1860. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
| Contents |
| Dates of sessions |
| Party summary |
| Leadership |
| Major events |
| Major legislation |
| Members |
| Senate |
| House of Representatives |
| Delegates |
| Changes in membership |
| Officers |
| References |
| External links |
Dates of sessions
March 4 1871 - March 3 1873
★ First session: March 4 1871 – April 20 1871
★ Special session of the Senate: May 10 1871 - May 27 1871
★ Second session: December 4 1871 - June 10 1872
★ Third session: December 2 1872 - March 3 1873 — a lame duck session
Previous congress: 41st Congress
Next congress: 43rd Congress
Party summary
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
| :'Senate' ★ Democratic ''(D)'': 17 ★ Republican ''(R)'': 56 ''(majority)'' ★ Liberal Republican ''(LR)'': 1'TOTAL members: 74' | :'House of Representatives' ★ Democratic ''(D)'': 104 ★ Republican ''(R)'': 136 ''(majority)'' ★ Independent Republican ''(IR)'': 1 ★ Liberal Republican ''(LR)'': 2'TOTAL members: 243' |
Leadership
:'Senate'
★ Vice President of the United States (President of the Senate):
★
★ Schuyler Colfax, of Indiana
★ President pro tempore of the Senate:
★
★ Henry B. Anthony, ''Republican'' of Rhode Island, first elected March 10 1871.
:'House of Representatives'
★ Speaker of the House
★
★ James G. Blaine, ''Republican'' of Maine, reelected March 4 1869.
Major events
:''Main article: Events of 1871; Events of 1872; Events of 1873''
Major legislation
:''Main article: List of United States federal legislation in the 42nd Congress
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
:''See also: 42nd United States Congress - political parties''
:''See also: 42nd United States Congress - State Delegations''
:''See also: United States House elections, 1870''
Senate
Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1874; Class 2 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1876; and Class 3 meant their term ended in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1872.
:''See also:
:''See also:
| :'Alabama' ★ 3: George E. Spencer ''(R)'' ★ 2: George Goldthwaite ''(D)'' :'Arkansas' ★ 3: Benjamin F. Rice ''(R)'' ★ 2: Powell Clayton ''(R)'' :'California' ★ 3: Cornelius Cole ''(R)'' ★ 1: Eugene Casserly ''(D)'' :'Connecticut' ★ 3: Orris S. Ferry ''(R)'' ★ 1: William A. Buckingham ''(R)'' :'Delaware' ★ 1: Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. ''(D)'' ★ 2: Eli M. Saulsbury ''(D)'' :'Florida' ★ 3: Thomas W. Osborn ''(R)'' ★ 1: Abijah Gilbert ''(R)'' :'Georgia' ★ 3: Joshua Hill ''(R)'' ★ 2: Thomas M. Norwood ''(D)'' :'Illinois' ★ 3: Lyman Trumbull ''(R)'' ★ 2: John A. Logan ''(R)'' :'Indiana' ★ 3: Oliver H. P. T. Morton ''(R)'' ★ 1: Daniel D. Pratt ''(R)'' :'Iowa' ★ 3: James Harlan ''(R)'' ★ 2: George G. Wright ''(R)'' :'Kansas' ★ 3: Samuel C. Pomeroy ''(R)'' ★ 2: Alexander Caldwell ''(R)'' :'Kentucky' ★ 3: Garrett Davis ''(D)'' ★ : Willis B. Machen ''(D)'' ★ 2: John W. Stevenson ''(D)'' | :'Louisiana' ★ 3: William Pitt Kellogg ''(R)'' ★ 2: J. Rodman West ''(R)'' :'Maine' ★ 1: Hannibal Hamlin ''(R)'' ★ 2: Lot M. Morrill ''(R)'' :'Maryland' ★ 3: George Vickers ''(D)'' ★ 1: William T. Hamilton ''(D)'' :'Massachusetts' ★ 1: Charles Sumner ''(R)'' ★ 2: Henry Wilson ''(R)'' :'Michigan' ★ 1: Zachariah Chandler ''(R)'' ★ 2: Thomas W. Ferry ''(R)'' :'Minnesota' ★ 1: Alexander Ramsey ''(R)'' ★ 2: William Windom ''(R)'' :'Mississippi' ★ 1: Adelbert Ames ''(R)'' ★ 2: James L. Alcorn ''(R)'' :'Missouri' ★ 1: Carl Schurz ''(LR)'' ★ 3: Francis P. Blair, Jr. ''(D)'' :'Nebraska' ★ 1: Thomas W. Tipton ''(R)'' ★ 2: Phineas W. Hitchcock ''(R)'' :'Nevada' ★ 1: William M. Stewart ''(R)'' ★ 3: James W. Nye ''(R)'' :'New Hampshire' ★ 2: Aaron H. Cragin ''(R)'' ★ 3: James W. Patterson ''(R)'' :'New Jersey' ★ 1: John P. Stockton ''(D)'' ★ 2: Frederick T. Frelinghuysen ''(R)'' :'New York' ★ 3: Roscoe Conkling ''(R)'' ★ 1: Reuben E. Fenton ''(R)'' | :'North Carolina' ★ 3: John Pool ''(R)'' ★ 2: Matt W. Ransom ''(D)'' :'Ohio' ★ 3: John Sherman ''(R)'' ★ 1: Allen G. Thurman ''(D)'' :'Oregon' ★ 3: Henry W. Corbett ''(R)'' ★ 2: James K. Kelly ''(D)'' :'Pennsylvania' ★ 3: Simon Cameron ''(R)'' ★ 1: John Scott ''(R)'' :'Rhode Island' ★ 2: Henry B. Anthony ''(R)'' ★ 1: William Sprague ''(R)'' :'South Carolina' ★ 2: Thomas J. Robertson ''(R)'' ★ 3: Frederick A. Sawyer ''(R)'' :'Tennessee' ★ 1: William G. Brownlow ''(R)'' ★ 2: Henry Cooper ''(D)'' :'Texas' ★ 2: Morgan C. Hamilton ''(R)'' ★ 1: James W. Flanagan ''(R)'' :'Vermont' ★ 1: George F. Edmunds ''(R)'' ★ 3: Justin S. Morrill ''(R)'' :'Virginia' ★ 2: John W. Johnston ''(D)'' ★ 1: John F. Lewis ''(R)'' :'West Virginia' ★ 1: Arthur I. Boreman ''(R)'' ★ 2: Henry G. Davis ''(D)'' :'Wisconsin' ★ 3: Timothy O. Howe ''(R)'' ★ 1: Matthew H. Carpenter ''(R)'' |  President ''pro tempore'' Henry B. Anthony |
House of Representatives
The names of members of the House of Representatives elected statewide on the general ticket or otherwise ''at-large,'' are preceded by an "A/L," and the names of those elected from districts, whether plural or single member, are preceded by their district numbers.
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
:''See also:
:''See also:
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
| :'Senate' ★ replacements: 1 ★ ★ Democratic: no net change ★ ★ Republican: no net change ★ deaths: 1 ★ resignations: 2 ★ contested elections: 4 ★ 'Total seats with changes: 7' | :'House of Representatives' ★ replacements: 10 ★ ★ Democratic: 2 seat net gain ★ ★ Republican: 3 seat net loss ★ ★ Liberal Republican: 1 seat net gain ★ deaths: 3 ★ resignations: 7 ★ contested election: 5 ★ 'Total seats with changes: 15' |
Officers
| :'Senate' ★ Secretary of the Senate: ★ ★ George C. Gorham of Massachusetts elected June 4 1868 ★ Sergeant at Arms of the Senate: ★ ★ John R. French of New Hampshire, elected March 22 1869 ★ Chaplain of the Senate ★ ★ The Rev. John P. Newman, ''Methodist'', elected March 8 1869:'Other' ★ Architect of the Capitol: ★ ★ Edward Clark, appointed August 30 1865 | :'House of Representatives' ★ Clerk of the House: ★ ★ Edward McPherson of Pennsylvania, elected March 4 1871 ★ Sergeant at Arms of the House: ★ ★ Nehemiah G. Ordway of New Hampshire, elected March 4 1871 ★ Doorkeeper of the House: ★ ★ Otis S. Buxton of New York, elected March 4 1871 ★ Postmaster of the House: ★ ★ William S. King of Minnesota, elected March 4 1871 ★ Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: ★ ★ John M. Barclay ★ Chaplain of the House ★ ★ The Rev. John G. Butler, ''Presbyterian'', elected March 4 1871 |
References
★ The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989,
★ The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts, , Kenneth C., Martis, Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982,
External links
★ Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
★ Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
★ House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
★ Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
★ U.S. House of Representatives: House History
★ U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
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