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Contents

Events

By place

Rome

Births

Deaths

Events

By place

Rome

★ Consuls: Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, Gaius Claudius Marcellus Maior.

★ The Great Roman Civil War commences

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★ January 1 — The Roman Senate receives a proposal from Julius Caesar that he and Pompey should lay down their commands simultaneously. The Senate responds that Caesar must immediately surrender his command.

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★ January 10 — Julius Caesar leads his army across the Rubicon, which separates his jurisdiction (Cisalpine Gaul) from that of the Senate (Italy), and thus initiates a civil war. In response, the Roman senate invokes the ''senatus consultum ultimum''.

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★ February — Pompey's flight to Epirus (in Western Greece) with most of the Senate.

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★ March 9 — Caesar advances against Pompeian forces in Spain.

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★ April 19 — Caesar's siege of Massilia against the Pompeian Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; the siege was conducted later by Caesarian Gaius Trebonius.

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★ June — Caesar arrives in Spain; seizes the Pyrenees passes against the Pompeians L. Afranius and Marcus Petreius.

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★ June 7 — Cicero slips out of Italy and goes to Salonika.

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★ July 30 — Caesar surrounds Afranius and Petreius's army in Ilerda.

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★ August 2 — Pompeians in Ilerda surrender to Caesar.

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★ August 24 — Caesar's general Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in North Africa by the Pompeians under Attius Varus and King Juba I of Numidia (whom he defeated earlier in the Battle of Utica), in the Battle of the Bagradas River, and commits suicide.

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★ September — Decimus Brutus, a Caesarian, defeats the combined Pompeian-Massilian naval forces in the naval Battle of Massilia, while the Caesarian fleet in the Adriatic is defeated near Curicta (Krk).

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★ September 6 — Massilia surrendered to Caesar, coming back from Spain.

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★ October — Caesar appointed Dictator in Rome.

Births

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Deaths

★ Gaius Scribonius Curio (suicide)

★ Xuan, emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty

★ Lucretius, Roman poet and philosopher

★ Zheng Ji