A-SIDE AND B-SIDE

In recorded music, the terms 'A-side' and 'B-side' refer to the two sides of 7 inch vinyl records on which singles were released beginning in the 1950s. The terms have come to refer to the types of song conventionally placed on each side of the record, with the A-side being the featured song (the one that the record producer hopes will receive radio airplay and become a "hit"), while the B-side, or "flipside," is secondary (often a song that does not appear on a band's LP).

Contents

History

Modern usage

Significance

Other types of non-primary sound recording

Double A-side

Other examples of double A-side singles

Double B-side

Joke B-side

See also

References

Notes

History

The earliest 10-inch, 78 rpm, shellac records were single sided. Double sided recordings, with one song on each side, were first introduced in Europe by Columbia Records and by the late 1910s they had become the norm in both Europe and the USA. There were no Record charts until the 1930s; A-sides and B-sides existed, but neither side was considered more important, and for the most part, radio stations would play the song on either side of the record. The "side" did not convey anything about the content of the record.
In 1948, Columbia Records introduced the ten- and twelve-inch long-playing vinyl record for commercial sales, and its rival RCA-Victor responded the next year with the seven-inch 45 rpm vinyl record, which would come to replace the 78 as the home of the single. The term "single" came into popular use with the advent of vinyl records in the early 1950s. At first, most record labels would randomly assign which song would be an A-side and which would be a B-side. (All phonograph records have specific identifiers for each side in addition to the catalog number for the record itself; the "A" side would typically be assigned a sequentially lower number.) Because of this random assignation, many artists had so-called "double-sided hits", where both songs on a record made one of the national sales charts (in ''Billboard'', ''Cashbox'', or other magazines), or would be featured on jukeboxes in public places.
As time wore on, however, the convention for assigning songs to sides of the record changed. Very early into the decade, the song on the A-side was the song that the record company wanted radio stations to play, as 45 records or '45s' dominated the market in terms of cash sales. It was not until 1968, for instance, that the total production of albums on a unit basis finally surpassed that of singles in the United Kingdom.^[1] By the early 1990s, double-sided hits had become rare. Album sales had increased, and B-sides had become the side of the record where non-album, non-radio-friendly, instrumental versions or simply inferior recordings were placed.
With the advent of cassette and compact disc singles in the late 1980s, the A-side/B-side differentiation became much less meaningful. At first, cassette singles would often have one song on each side of the cassette, matching the arrangement of vinyl records, but eventually, cassette maxi-singles, containing more than two songs, became more popular. With the decline of cassette singles in the 1990s, the A-side/B-side dichotomy became virtually extinct, as the remaining dominant medium, the compact disc, lacked an equivalent physical distinction. However, the term "B-side" is still used to refer to the "bonus" tracks or "coupling" tracks on a CD single.
With the advent of legal methods of downloading music via the Internet, sales of CD singles and other physical media have declined, and the term "B-side" is now less commonly used. Songs that were not part of an artist's collection of albums are made available through the same downloadable catalogs as tracks from their albums, and are usually referred to as "unreleased," "non-album," "rare," or "exclusive" tracks, the latter in the case of a song being available solely from a certain provider of music.
Some record labels used the terms "'Side 1'" and "'Side 2'" for singles, instead of A-side and B-side.

Modern usage

Now that generally music singles are published on CD format, or digital download, a B-side is a term simply to refer to a song that is not seen on any LP, or EP.
See also Bonus track.

Significance

B-side songs are released on the same record as a single to provide extra "value for money". There are several types of material commonly released in this way:

★ a different version (e.g., instrumental, a cappella, live, acoustic, remixed version or in another language/text) of the A-side

★ another song from the same album, which the record company does not want to release on its own

★ a song not considered good enough for the album

★ a song that was stylistically unsuitable for the album

★ a song that had not yet been completed at the time of the album's release

★ a cover of a (famous) song

★ a different version of a song from the album
As well, it was common in the 1960s and 1970s for longer songs by soul, funk or R&B acts to be broken into two parts for single release. Examples of this include the Isley Brothers "Shout" (Parts 1 and 2), and a number of records by James Brown, including (amongst many others) "Papa's Got A Brand New Bag" (Parts 1 & 2); "Say It Loud - I'm Black and I'm Proud (Parts 1 & 2); and "Mother Popcorn" (Parts 1 & 2). "Part 1" would be the chart hit, while "Part 2" would be a continuation of the same recording. A major example of a non-soul hit with parts 1 & 2 was the single release of Don McLean's "American Pie".
With the advent of the 12" single in the late 1970s, the Part 1/Part 2 method of recording was largely abandoned.
Since both sides of a single received equal royalties, some composers deliberately arranged for their songs to be used as the B-sides of singles by popular artists, thereby making a fortune literally off the back of the A-side. This became known as the "flipside racket".
On a few occasions, the B-side became the more popular song. This was usually because a DJ preferred the B-side to its A-side and played it instead. Then the B-side would in a sense become the A-side, by virtue of being the preferred side. Examples:

★ ABBA: "Eagle" / "Thank You for the Music"

★ Jimmy Dean: "I Won't Go Huntin' With You Jake" / "Big Bad John"

★ The Who: "Dogs" / "Call me Lightning"

★ Deee-Lite: "What Is Love?" / "Groove Is in the Heart"

★ FEAR: "Now Your Dead / "I Love Livin' in the City"

★ Frankie Ford: "Roberta" / "Sea Cruise"

★ Gloria Gaynor: "Substitute" / "I Will Survive"

★ Bill Haley & His Comets: "Thirteen Women" / "Rock Around The Clock"

★ Bob Lind: "Cheryl's Goin' Home" / "Elusive Butterfly"

★ Madonna: "Angel" / "Into the Groove"

★ Paul McCartney: "Coming Up"/"Coming Up (Live in Glasgow)" (the live version, with his group Wings, replaced the A-side version in the US, eventually making it to Number 1)

★ Nelly: "Flap Ya Wings" / "My Place"

★ Pink Floyd: "Point Me at the Sky" / "Careful with That Axe, Eugene"

★ Righteous Brothers: "Stuck on You" / "Unchained Melody" (that the cover of "Unchained Melody", an already widely recorded 1950s hit, enjoyed more airplay and popularity than the A-side when it had only originally been intended as something of a throwaway B-side greatly angered producer Phil Spector)

★ Rod Stewart: "Reason to Believe" / "Maggie May"

★ The Spinners : "How Could I Let You Get Away" / "I'll Be Around"

★ The Stone Roses: "What the World Is Waiting For" / "Fools Gold"

★ Gene Vincent: "Woman Love" / "Be-Bop-A-Lula"

★ the Five Satins: "The Jones Girl" / "In the Still Of the Nite"

★ Bobbie Gentry: "Mississippi Delta" / "Ode To Billie Joe"

★ U2: "A Celebration" / "Trash, Trampoline and the Party Girl" (also known as "Party Girl")
Even more rarely, both sides of the single would become hits. This feat was done repeatedly by some artists. Examples:

★ Queen: "We Are the Champions" / "We Will Rock You" (usually played by radio stations as one song)

★ Robbie Williams: Eternity/Road to Mandalay

★ The Beatles: "Penny Lane" / "Strawberry Fields Forever"

★ Boney M: "Rivers of Babylon" / "Brown Girl in the Ring"

★ Cream: "Strange Brew" / "Tales of Brave Ulysses"

★ Carole King: "It's Too Late" / "I Feel the Earth Move"

★ Fats Domino: "I Wanna Walk You Home" / "Walking to New Orleans" (No fewer than 22 Domino singles had charting A-sides and B-sides, a total of 44 songs)

★ Elvis Presley: "Don't Be Cruel" / "Hound Dog"

★ Kiss: "Detroit Rock City" / "Beth"

★ Paula Abdul: "Straight Up" / "Cold Hearted"

★ Daddy Cool: "Eagle Rock" / "Bom Bom"

★ Deftones: "Pink Maggit" / "Back to School (Mini Maggit)"

★ Pearl Jam: "Jeremy"/"Yellow Ledbetter"
The song "How Soon Is Now?" by The Smiths started out as the extra track on the 12" of "William, It Was Really Nothing" but later gained a separate release as an A-side in its own right, as did Oasis's "Acquiesce", which originally appeared as a B-side to "Some Might Say" in 1995, but gained subsequent release in 2006 as part of an EP to promote their forthcoming best-of album, ''Stop the Clocks''. Feeder in 2001 and 2005 had the B-sides "Just a Day" from "Seven Days In The Sun", and "Shatter" from "Tumble and Fall" released as A-sides after fan petitions and official website and fansite message board hype, and both charted at #12 and #11 in the UK charts.
The flip side of a single does not necessarily contain B-side material. A single containing two songs of normal quality is referred to as a "double A-side". The aforementioned Feeder single "Shatter" was double A-sided with "Tender", a track from their #2 album "Pushing the Senses". In rare occasions there are even triple A-side singles, such as "What Becomes of the Broken Hearted" / "You'll Never Walk Alone" / "Saturday Night at the Movies", the 1996 triple A-side #1 UK single by Robson and Jerome.
On some reissued singles the A- and B-sides are by completely different artists, or two songs from different albums that would not normally have been released together. These were sometimes made for jukeboxes, as one record with two popular songs on it would make more money, or to promote an artist to the fans of another.

Other types of non-primary sound recording

B-sides are different from unreleased material, outtakes and demos.


'Unreleased material' is work that usually isn't released to the general public. On rare occasions, particularly for reissues, these songs are in fact placed on albums, often with that description after it. In an extreme case, singer Moby's DVD titled "18 B-Sides and DVD" featured 21 of them.
'Outtakes' are songs recorded for an album but, either for technical or artistic purposes, not included in the released album. They occasionally appear on reissues of albums, billed as "bonus tracks". R.E.M.'s album ''Dead Letter Office'', for example, is a collection of outtakes from previous albums that were later released as b-sides to various singles.
'Demos' are early versions of songs which, like "unreleased material", seldom see the light of day. Demos of songs often have additional or alternative verses. Often more demos than full songs are recorded, as an artist goes back and retools what is already present. Singers Moby, Prince, and Billy Corgan of the group The Smashing Pumpkins are rumored to have large personal collections of demos.
On occasion, artists release albums of compiled B-sides and rare tracks, making it easier for fans to listen to new and unheard material from discontinued singles. Nick Cave & the Bad Seeds's ''B-Sides & Rarities'', Ice Cube's Bootlegs and B-Sides, Nirvana's ''Incesticide'', The Smashing Pumpkins' ''Pisces Iscariot'', Less Than Jake's ''B Is for B-sides'' (and indeed ''Losers, Kings and Things We Don't Understand'') and Green Day's ''Shenanigans'' are examples, as are the "Switched-On" series of compilations by Stereolab. In 2004, Feeder released ''Picture Of Perfect Youth'', a limited edition album which contained 36 b-sides across two CDs.

Double A-side

A 'double A-side (AA)' is a single which has two featured songs, rather than the traditional single with a featured song, the A-side, and an accompanying one on the flip of the record, the B-side. As with many other innovations in the industry, this practice was introduced by The Beatles in 1965 for their single released simultaneously with ''Rubber Soul'', "Day Tripper" backed with (''b/w'') 'We Can Work It Out," as the band and their label, Parlophone Records, found both songs to be equally marketable, and decided not to relegate one to B-side status.
Although some singles pre-dating the above mentioned record have also been designated double A-sides, such as Elvis Presley's 1956 "Don't Be Cruel" b/w "Hound Dog," this was done in retrospect because both sides became chart hits independently. In fact, "Hound Dog" was the B-side of the single as originally released.

Other examples of double A-side singles

★ "Penny Lane"/"Strawberry Fields Forever" by The Beatles

★ "Something"/"Come Together" by The Beatles

★ "I Say a Little Prayer"/"Theme from Valley of the Dolls" by Dionne Warwick (1967)

★ "Rivers of Babylon"/"Brown Girl In The Ring" by Boney M (1978)

★ "Fools Gold/What The World Is Waiting For" by The Stone Roses (1989)

★ "All Apologies/Rape Me" by Nirvana

★ "Helicon 1"/"Helicon 2", by Mogwai (1997)

★ "Joy.Discovery.Invention"/"Toys, Toys, Toys, Choke, Toys, Toys, Toys", by Biffy Clyro (2002)

★ "Dead Star/In Your World", by Muse (2002)

★ "Pts.Of.Athrty/H! Vltg3", by Linkin Park (2002)

★ "Heart Like a Wheel/Old Town", by The Corrs (2005)

★ "Kids With Guns"/"El Mañana", by Gorillaz (2006)

★ "Baby's Coming Back"/"Transylvania", by McFly (2007)

Double B-side

It has occasionally seemed a good joke to issue a "double B-side" single. Examples include "Styrafoam" / "Texas Chainsaw Massacre Boogie" by The Tyla Gang (1976) and "Reasons To Be Miserable / "Marvin I Love You" by Marvin, the Paranoid Android (1981).
"Everybodys Jesus" was a double B-Side released by Australian hip hop group Butterfingers (2005). The CD single featured the songs "Jesus I Was Evil" and "Everybody's Ugly", the latter being included in the album ''The Deeper You Dig'' (2006).
"Don't Cry Wolf" / "One Way Love" by The Damned (1977) was dubbed a "Double D-side".

Joke B-side

The 1988 single "Stutter Rap (No Sleep 'Til Bedtime)" by parody band Morris Minor and the Majors featured a song on the B-side entitled "Another Boring 'B'-side". The lyric describes how the band is in the studio simply to record three minutes of music to fill the B-side with as little effort as possible and then get back home.
Similarly, parody band Bad News recorded a video b-side to the VHS version of their single Bohemian Rhapsody. The B-side Every Mistake Imaginable features the band discussing the fact that they have to record an extra three minutes of footage for the single to be chart eligible.
The Fastest Group Alive's 1966 single "The Bears" was backed with a 35-second track called "Beside", whose lyric consisted of the repeated line "It's cotton picking time in the valley".
John Safran's 1997 single ''(Not The) Sunscreen Song'' featured two B-sides entitled ''Track Two'' and ''Track Three'', both were simply Safran "saying" the titles of the respective song.
The Rakes used their CD format B-side to 22 Grand Job to have a go at Apple, this song was called iProblem (or one problem). They complained how their iPod wasn't working and naming the band he had on there (these included Babyshambles and Bloc Party). This was staged as a one-man phonecall to a help line.

See also

★ List of B-side compilations

★ List of double A-side singles

References

★ MacDonald, Ian. ''Revolution in the Head - The Beatles' Records and the Sixties'' – ISBN 1-84413-828-3

★ A History of the 45rpm record Martland, Peter. ''EMI: The First 100 Years'' – ISBN 0-7134-6207-8

Notes

1. MacDonald, p. 296