ABBEY ROAD STUDIOS

'Abbey Road Studios', created in November of 1931 by EMI in London, England is best known as the recording studio used by musicians such as The Beatles, Cliff Richard, Al Stewart, Pink Floyd, Oasis, The Shadows and Elliott Smith. The studios are located on Abbey Road, in St John's Wood in the City of Westminster.

Contents

History

Recording and mixing consoles

Film scores

References

External links

History

Built as a Georgian townhouse in 1831, the premises were acquired by The Gramophone Company in 1931 and converted into studios. The neighbouring house is also owned by the studio and used to house musicians. During the mid-1900s the studio was extensively used by leading British conductor Sir Malcolm Sargent, whose house was just around the corner from the studio building.
The Gramophone Company later amalgamated with Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI which took over the studios. The studios were then known as 'EMI Studios' until they changed their name to Abbey Road Studios formally in 1970.
Studio Two at Abbey Road became a centre of rock music in 1958 when Cliff Richard and the Drifters (later Cliff Richard and The Shadows), recorded "Move It", arguably the first European rock and roll single. It also witnessed the beginnings of a change from "rock 'n' roll" to "rock". The Beatles also found great success in Studio Two, and during the early-to-mid-'60s, The Beatles and Cliff and The Shadows became almost like joint owners of the studio, with friendly battles for recording time.
It was The Beatles who broke with tradition, changing recording techniques, and forever changing the boundaries of what was considered popular music. Innovating with flanging, backwards recording, automatic double tracking, and controlled feedback, The Beatles utilised Abbey Road studios to full effect.

Abbey Road Studios is most closely associated with The Beatles, who recorded almost all of their albums and singles there between 1962 and 1970. The Beatles named their final 1969 album, ''Abbey Road'', after the street where the studio is located (the recording studio would only be named Abbey Road after The Beatles record in 1970). The cover photo for that album was taken by Iain MacMillan outside Abbey Road studios, with the result that the pedestrian zebra crossing outside the studio, where the Fab Four were photographed, soon became a place of pilgrimage for Beatles fans from all over the world. It has been a long-standing tradition for visitors to pay hommage to the band by writing on the studio fence in front, although it is painted over monthly.
Pink Floyd recorded most of their late '60s to mid-1970s albums (such as ''The Piper at the Gates of Dawn'' (1967), ''A Saucerful of Secrets'' (1968), ''Music from the Film More'' (1969), ''Ummagumma'' (1969), ''Atom Heart Mother'' (1970), ''Meddle'' (1971),''The Dark Side of the Moon'' (1972 - 1973) and ''Wish You Were Here'' (1975), at the studio as well. The band would not use Abbey Road again until the mixing sessions of the double live album ''Delicate Sound of Thunder'' (1988) and some overdubs for ''The Division Bell'' (1994). Recently, Floyd guitarist David Gilmour recorded some of the tracks for his recent solo album ''On an Island'' there. Syd Barrett also recorded ''The Madcap Laughs'' and ''Barrett'' (1970) there.

The Shadows named their ''Live At Abbey Road'' album after the studio, with the cover spoofing The Beatles' album. Studio Two was also used by The Hollies, Manfred Mann, The Seekers, Gerry & the Pacemakers, Martin Briley, Mrs Mills and others.
Notable producers and sound engineers who have worked at Abbey Road include Sir George Martin, Geoff Emerick, Norman "Hurricane" Smith, Ken Scott, Mike Stone, Alan Parsons, Phil McDonald, Richard Lush and Ken Townshend, who invented the groundbreaking studio effect known as automatic double tracking (ADT). The chief mastering engineer at Abbey Road was Chris "Vinyl" Blair, who started his career early on as a tape deck operator. He worked his way up the ranks to get to the top. A highlight of Blair's career was receiving an award for Radiohead's ''Kid A''. Blair died on November 7 2005.
In 1979, EMI used the Abbey Road Studios for their first non-classical digital recording. The track chosen was a cover of Rose Royce's 1978 hit "Love Don't Live Here Anymore" performed by the British jazz fusion band Morrissey-Mullen.
Elliott Smith recorded 3 tracks, including "In the Lost and Found (Honky Bach) /The Roost", from his ''Figure 8'' album (2000) at the studio.
From July 18 to September 11 1983 the public had a rare opportunity to see inside the legendary Studio 2 where The Beatles made most of their records. While a new mixing console was being installed in the control room, the studio was used to host a video presentation called "The Beatles At Abbey Road". The soundtrack to the video contained a number of recordings that were not made commercially available until the Beatles Anthology project over a decade later.^[1]
Kanye West had a live concert in the Abbey Road Studios in late 2005, following the release of Late Orchestration - the live album version of ''Late Registration''. Featured on the cover is his mascot, Drop Out Bear, on Abbey Road street (another imitation of The Beatles cover).

In March/April 2005 Abbey Road Studios held a film festival. It included a tour of Studio One and Studio Two (excluding control rooms). They displayed several films in Studio One associated with the studio and a photographic exhibition in Studio Two. Also on display were several microphones, two upright pianos and a Hammond Organ.
U2 began recording their new album with Greg Fidelman and Rick Rubin at Abbey Road Studios in September 2006. [1], during which time they recorded a cover of The Skids' "The Saints Are Coming" with Green Day to commemorate the reopening of the Louisiana Superdome which was damaged following Hurricane Katrina.
In late 2006 and early 2007 Channel 4 broadcast a program called ''Live From Abbey Road'' on More4 on Fridays 12 Jan to 30 March 2007 (with repeats the Mondays after on Channel 4). Artists to appear on the show ranged from singer Corinne Bailey Rae to heavy metal band Iron Maiden.
The Italian Soprano, Giorgia Fumanti, recorded several tracks from
her pop-classical crossoverrelease "From My Heart", in
the studios as well, evidently part a large trend for classical and symphony artists to make use of the famed studios for albums and film soundtracks.

Recording and mixing consoles

★ Studio One: 72 Fader Neve 88RS

★ Studio Two: 60 Fader Neve VR Legend

★ Studio Three: 96 Fader Solid State Logic 9000 J

★ Penthouse: 48 Fader Neve DFC Gemini

Film scores

Abbey Road Studios got its start in the film scoring business in 1980, when Anvil Post Production formed a partnership with the studio, called Anvil-Abbey Road Screen Sound. The partnership started when Anvil was left without a scoring stage when Korda Studios were demolished. It ended in 1984, when EMI merged with THORN Electrical Industries to become Thorn EMI.
Abbey Road's success in the scoring business continued after the partnership ended. Films whose scores were recorded at the studios include:

★ 1980 ''

★ 1981 ''Raiders of the Lost Ark''

★ 1982 ''Greystoke - The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes''

★ 1983 ''

★ 1984 ''Ladyhawke''

★ 1985 ''Brazil'', ''A Room with a View''

★ 1986 ''The Jewel of the Nile'', ''Shanghai Surprise'', ''Aliens''

★ 1987 ''Madame Sousatzka'', ''The Last Emperor''

★ 1988 ''A Man for All Seasons'', ''Shirley Valentine'', ''Willow''

★ 1990 ''Memphis Belle'', ''Shining Through''

★ 1991 ''City of Joy'', ''The Fisher King''

★ 1992 ''The Endangered''

★ 1993 ''The Man Without a Face'', ''M. Butterfly'', ''The Innocent''

★ 1994 ''Immortal Beloved'', ''Interview with the Vampire'', ''Little Women'', ''The Madness of King George''

★ 1995 ''Apollo 13'', ''Brassed Off'', ''Braveheart'', ''Talk of Angels''

★ 1996 ''Carla’s Song'', ''The Crucible'', ''G.I. Jane''

★ 1997 ''Deep Impact'', ''Desperate Measures'', ''Event Horizon'', ''Lost in Space'', ''Titanic Town'', ''Virus'', ''Wilde''

★ 1998 ''Hilary and Jackie'', ''Jakob the Liar'', ''Practical Magic'', ''The Prince of Egypt'', ''What Dreams May Come''

★ 1999 ''Bicentennial Man'', ''Chocolat'', ''Dogma'', ''Eyes Wide Shut'', ''I Dreamed of Africa'', ''Message in a Bottle'', ''Notting Hill'', ''Rules of Engagement'', ''Sleepy Hollow'', '', ''The Talented Mr. Ripley''

★ 2000 ''Thirteen Days'', ''Captain Corelli's Mandolin'', ''Chicken Run'', ''Hollow Man'', '', ''Shrek''

★ 2001 ''From Hell'', '', ''We Were Soldiers''

★ 2002 ''The Four Feathers'', ''Gangs of New York'', ''Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets'', '', '', ''The Hours'', ''The Life of David Gale'', ''Thunderpants'', ''Punch-Drunk Love''

★ 2003 ''Bon Voyage'', ''Johnny English'', '', ''The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen'', '', '', ''Veronica Guerin''

★ 2004 '', ''Around the World in 80 Days'', ''Cold Mountain'', ''Beyond the Sea'', ''Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban'', ''Mona Lisa Smile'', ''Sylvia'', ''The Phantom of the Opera'', ''Birth'', ''King Arthur'', ''Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow'', ''Alfie'', '', ''The Little Prince - A Magical Opera''

★ 2005 ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'', ''Proof'', ''Kingdom of Heaven'', '', ''

★ 2006 ''United 93'', Apocalypto;see Apocalypto (soundtrack)

★ 2007 ''300'', '', ''Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix'', ''Spider-Man 3'', Evangelion 1.0 You are (Not) Alone

References

1. The Beatles Book July & August 1983.

External links

★ Abbey Road Studios — official site

★ Live From Abbey Road - official site