العربية
中国
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिन्दी
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
EspañolANTOINETTE FEUERWERKER
'Antoinette Feuerwerker' (born 'Antoinette (Antonia, Toni, Toibe Rochel) Gluck)', born on November 24, 1912, in Antwerp (Borgherout), Belgium was a French educator and jurist. With her late husband Rabbi David Feuerwerker, she was a major participant in the French Resistance during the Second World War.
'Antoinette Feuerwerker' was the daughter of Paul (Pinchas) Gluck-Friedman (1886-1964) and Henia Shipper (1887-1968), born respectively in Tarnow and Przemysl, Galicia, Austria-Hungary.
Her father was a direct descendant of Hasidic Masters going back to the Magid Dov Ber of Mezeritch (1704-1772), the disciple and successor of the Baal Shem Tov (1698-1760), the founder of Hasidism.
Her parents moved from Poland to Belgium, and from there to Switzerland ( during World War I, where her three siblings, Rose, Hedwig [Heidi], and Salomon were born), then to Germany, and finally to France, where they became citizens.
She studied at the famous Lycée des Pontonniers in Strasbourg, where she finished her secondary studies. After her baccalauréat, she studied Law at the Faculty of Law, a rarity in those days for a woman. One of her professors, René Capitant (1901-1970), later became Minister of Education (Secretary of Education) (1944-1945) in the Provisional Government and Minister of Justice (Attorney General) (1968-1969) under Charles de Gaulle. She worked in Capitant's law firm.
She also graduated from business school (HEC).
With her family, she moved to Paris.
She met David Feuerwerker, a young rabbi, having just finished rabbinical school (Ecole rabbinique).
They married at the beginning of World War II (November 1939). In fact, he needed to get a special permission to leave the front, the Maginot Line, to be married, and return to the front (and War).
After June 1940, together with her husband, she moved to Brive-la-Gaillarde. Her husband was the rabbi of three French Departments : Corrèze, Creuse, and Lot. They worked in the Resistance Movement "Combat" (the main Movement of the Résistance) with Edmond Michelet (1899-1970), against the Nazi occupation. Later, Michelet became a senior Minister under Charles de Gaulle: Minister of the Army (1946), Minister of Justice (Attorney General) (1959-1961).
Combattante Volontaire de la Résistance (Voluntary Combatant of the Resistance), she received the Medal of France Liberated.
Other Medals she received later from the French Government were the Palmes Académiques and the Médaille de la Santé Publique, for her contributions to public education and public health.
Here is how officially the Movement Combat describes her participation in the Resistance : '' " Mrs. Antoinette Feuerwerker née Gluck closely and actively participated to all the activities in the Résistance of her husband, Rabbi Feuerwerker, in particular for the search and lodging of liaison agents and the diffusion of clandestine journals. She took in charge together with [Germaine Ribière] the evacuation of young people hunted by the occupying authorities. In summary, the Movement Combat considered her as one of its most active agents. (Date of entry in the Resistance: beginning of Combat January 1942 until the Liberation [of France])."''
Germaine Ribière (1917-1999), a heroin of World War II, was recognized as a Righteous Among the Nations (July 18,1967, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, Israel).
David and Antoinette Feuerwerker had six children:(Atara, Natania, Elie, Hillel, Emmanuel, and Benjamine). Only their first child, Atara was born (in 1943) during the war, in Clairvivre, Salagnac, Dordogne. The other children were born later in Paris XVI (7 rue Narcisse Diaz).
After the war, she lived in Lyon, where her husband became Chief Rabbi (1944-1946). Then they lived in Neuilly-sur-Seine, next to Paris, where he was the rabbi (1946-1948). They moved then to the heart of Paris, at the 14 Place des Vosges, in the Marais district (1948-1966), when her husband became the rabbi of the famous Synagogue Rue des Tournelles.
She was a close collaborator of her husband, in his many activities, which included the research and publication of his work on the Emancipation of Jews in France (1976).
They moved to Montréal, Canada, in 1966, with their children.
She taught law and economics at the Collège Français in Montréal.
David Feuerwerker died on June 20, 1980. She continued to maintain his place of worship (''Chachmei Tzorfat'', ''Sages of France''), for over 20 years.
She moved to Israel, where she spent the last 3 years of her life. She died on February 10, 2003. She was buried in Sanhedria, Jerusalem, Israel, next to her husband.
To escape the nazis, in the last months of World War II, she had to hide, with her baby daughter, Atara in a Catholic Convent, surviving on a diet of potatoes and water. She was later hidden by Germaine Goblot, the daughter of Edmond Goblot, the famed French philosopher of Science, who risked her own life, and the life of her mother and son (François Goblot), by doing so.
She saved the life of her sister, Rose Gluck-Warfman, who was deported to Auschwitz. Only upon her return, did she realize that her earlier actions had enabled her sister to survive. She saved many other lives, but she grieved forever not having been able to save the life of her brother, a young physician, Dr. Salomon Gluck, aged 29. He was deported from France on the convoy 73, led to Kaunas Revel and Tallin, never to return.
She contributed to the adventure of the famed boat "The Exodus". The money for "The Exodus" was given to her to hold, in Neuilly. The gold coins, illegal in France at the time for individuals to possess, were hidden by her under her husband's bed, without his knowledge. She presumed rightly that nobody would suspect him.
She had a lasting influence on people of all walks of life. Her motto was: ''"Never, ever, give up"''. She never, ever, gave up.
★ David Feuerwerker. ''L'Emancipation Des Juifs En France''. ''De L'Ancien Régime A La Fin Du Second Empire''. Albin Michel: Paris, 1976. ISBN 2-226-00316-9
★ John F. Sweets. ''The Politics of Resistance in France, 1940-1944''. Northern Illinois University Press: DeKalb, 1976. ISBN 0-87580-061-0
★ Edmond Michelet. ''Rue de La Liberté''. ''Dachau 1943-1945''. Seuil: Paris, 1955, 1983. [Lettre-Préface de Charles de Gaulle; aussi avec Préface pour l'édition allemande de Konrad Adenauer]. ISBN 2-02-003025-X
★ Elie Feuerwerker. Le Rabbin Dr. David Feuerwerker, ZT"L (2 Octobre 1912-20 Juin 1980/21 Tichri 5673-6 Tamouz 5740). Le Combat d'Une Vie. Revue d'Histoire de la Médecine Hébraïque, Paris, 1980. [Reprinted in Gad Freudenthal & Samuel S. Kottek, editors, ''Mélanges D'Histoire De La Médecine Hébraïque: Etudes Choisies De La Revue D'Histoire De La Médicine Hébraïque (1948-1980)''. Brill: Netherlands, 2003]. ISBN 978-900-412-522-3
★ Margaret L. Rossiter. ''Women In The Resistance''. Praeger: New York, 1986. ISBN 0-03-005339-0
★ André Kaspi. ''Les Juifs pendant l'Occupation''. Seuil: Paris, 1991. ISBN 2-02-013509-4
★ Susan Zuccotti. ''The Holocaust, The French, And The Jews''. Basic Books: New York, 1993. ISBN 0-465-03034-3
★ Margaret Collins Weitz. ''Sisters in the Resistance''. ''How Women Fought to Free France, 1940-1945''. John Wiley: New York, 1995. ISBN 0-471-12676-4
★ Michèle Cointet. ''L'Eglise sous Vichy. 1940-1945. La repentance en question.'' Perrin: Paris, 1998. ISBN 2-262-01231-8
★ Catherine Poujol. David Feuerwerker, Rabbin, Résistant, Enseignant, Historien. Archives Juives, Paris, 2002.
★ [1]
★ [2]
| Contents |
| Biography |
| References |
| External links |
Biography
'Antoinette Feuerwerker' was the daughter of Paul (Pinchas) Gluck-Friedman (1886-1964) and Henia Shipper (1887-1968), born respectively in Tarnow and Przemysl, Galicia, Austria-Hungary.
Her father was a direct descendant of Hasidic Masters going back to the Magid Dov Ber of Mezeritch (1704-1772), the disciple and successor of the Baal Shem Tov (1698-1760), the founder of Hasidism.
Her parents moved from Poland to Belgium, and from there to Switzerland ( during World War I, where her three siblings, Rose, Hedwig [Heidi], and Salomon were born), then to Germany, and finally to France, where they became citizens.
She studied at the famous Lycée des Pontonniers in Strasbourg, where she finished her secondary studies. After her baccalauréat, she studied Law at the Faculty of Law, a rarity in those days for a woman. One of her professors, René Capitant (1901-1970), later became Minister of Education (Secretary of Education) (1944-1945) in the Provisional Government and Minister of Justice (Attorney General) (1968-1969) under Charles de Gaulle. She worked in Capitant's law firm.
She also graduated from business school (HEC).
With her family, she moved to Paris.
She met David Feuerwerker, a young rabbi, having just finished rabbinical school (Ecole rabbinique).
They married at the beginning of World War II (November 1939). In fact, he needed to get a special permission to leave the front, the Maginot Line, to be married, and return to the front (and War).
After June 1940, together with her husband, she moved to Brive-la-Gaillarde. Her husband was the rabbi of three French Departments : Corrèze, Creuse, and Lot. They worked in the Resistance Movement "Combat" (the main Movement of the Résistance) with Edmond Michelet (1899-1970), against the Nazi occupation. Later, Michelet became a senior Minister under Charles de Gaulle: Minister of the Army (1946), Minister of Justice (Attorney General) (1959-1961).
Combattante Volontaire de la Résistance (Voluntary Combatant of the Resistance), she received the Medal of France Liberated.
Other Medals she received later from the French Government were the Palmes Académiques and the Médaille de la Santé Publique, for her contributions to public education and public health.
Here is how officially the Movement Combat describes her participation in the Resistance : '' " Mrs. Antoinette Feuerwerker née Gluck closely and actively participated to all the activities in the Résistance of her husband, Rabbi Feuerwerker, in particular for the search and lodging of liaison agents and the diffusion of clandestine journals. She took in charge together with [Germaine Ribière] the evacuation of young people hunted by the occupying authorities. In summary, the Movement Combat considered her as one of its most active agents. (Date of entry in the Resistance: beginning of Combat January 1942 until the Liberation [of France])."''
Germaine Ribière (1917-1999), a heroin of World War II, was recognized as a Righteous Among the Nations (July 18,1967, Yad Vashem, Jerusalem, Israel).
David and Antoinette Feuerwerker had six children:(Atara, Natania, Elie, Hillel, Emmanuel, and Benjamine). Only their first child, Atara was born (in 1943) during the war, in Clairvivre, Salagnac, Dordogne. The other children were born later in Paris XVI (7 rue Narcisse Diaz).
After the war, she lived in Lyon, where her husband became Chief Rabbi (1944-1946). Then they lived in Neuilly-sur-Seine, next to Paris, where he was the rabbi (1946-1948). They moved then to the heart of Paris, at the 14 Place des Vosges, in the Marais district (1948-1966), when her husband became the rabbi of the famous Synagogue Rue des Tournelles.
She was a close collaborator of her husband, in his many activities, which included the research and publication of his work on the Emancipation of Jews in France (1976).
They moved to Montréal, Canada, in 1966, with their children.
She taught law and economics at the Collège Français in Montréal.
David Feuerwerker died on June 20, 1980. She continued to maintain his place of worship (''Chachmei Tzorfat'', ''Sages of France''), for over 20 years.
She moved to Israel, where she spent the last 3 years of her life. She died on February 10, 2003. She was buried in Sanhedria, Jerusalem, Israel, next to her husband.
To escape the nazis, in the last months of World War II, she had to hide, with her baby daughter, Atara in a Catholic Convent, surviving on a diet of potatoes and water. She was later hidden by Germaine Goblot, the daughter of Edmond Goblot, the famed French philosopher of Science, who risked her own life, and the life of her mother and son (François Goblot), by doing so.
She saved the life of her sister, Rose Gluck-Warfman, who was deported to Auschwitz. Only upon her return, did she realize that her earlier actions had enabled her sister to survive. She saved many other lives, but she grieved forever not having been able to save the life of her brother, a young physician, Dr. Salomon Gluck, aged 29. He was deported from France on the convoy 73, led to Kaunas Revel and Tallin, never to return.
She contributed to the adventure of the famed boat "The Exodus". The money for "The Exodus" was given to her to hold, in Neuilly. The gold coins, illegal in France at the time for individuals to possess, were hidden by her under her husband's bed, without his knowledge. She presumed rightly that nobody would suspect him.
She had a lasting influence on people of all walks of life. Her motto was: ''"Never, ever, give up"''. She never, ever, gave up.
References
★ David Feuerwerker. ''L'Emancipation Des Juifs En France''. ''De L'Ancien Régime A La Fin Du Second Empire''. Albin Michel: Paris, 1976. ISBN 2-226-00316-9
★ John F. Sweets. ''The Politics of Resistance in France, 1940-1944''. Northern Illinois University Press: DeKalb, 1976. ISBN 0-87580-061-0
★ Edmond Michelet. ''Rue de La Liberté''. ''Dachau 1943-1945''. Seuil: Paris, 1955, 1983. [Lettre-Préface de Charles de Gaulle; aussi avec Préface pour l'édition allemande de Konrad Adenauer]. ISBN 2-02-003025-X
★ Elie Feuerwerker. Le Rabbin Dr. David Feuerwerker, ZT"L (2 Octobre 1912-20 Juin 1980/21 Tichri 5673-6 Tamouz 5740). Le Combat d'Une Vie. Revue d'Histoire de la Médecine Hébraïque, Paris, 1980. [Reprinted in Gad Freudenthal & Samuel S. Kottek, editors, ''Mélanges D'Histoire De La Médecine Hébraïque: Etudes Choisies De La Revue D'Histoire De La Médicine Hébraïque (1948-1980)''. Brill: Netherlands, 2003]. ISBN 978-900-412-522-3
★ Margaret L. Rossiter. ''Women In The Resistance''. Praeger: New York, 1986. ISBN 0-03-005339-0
★ André Kaspi. ''Les Juifs pendant l'Occupation''. Seuil: Paris, 1991. ISBN 2-02-013509-4
★ Susan Zuccotti. ''The Holocaust, The French, And The Jews''. Basic Books: New York, 1993. ISBN 0-465-03034-3
★ Margaret Collins Weitz. ''Sisters in the Resistance''. ''How Women Fought to Free France, 1940-1945''. John Wiley: New York, 1995. ISBN 0-471-12676-4
★ Michèle Cointet. ''L'Eglise sous Vichy. 1940-1945. La repentance en question.'' Perrin: Paris, 1998. ISBN 2-262-01231-8
★ Catherine Poujol. David Feuerwerker, Rabbin, Résistant, Enseignant, Historien. Archives Juives, Paris, 2002.
External links
★ [1]
★ [2]
This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.
psst.. try this: add to faves
