ARMY GROUP CENTRE
- + Add to Faves
- + Translate
- + Share
العربية
ä¸å›½
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिनà¥à¤¦à¥€
Italiano
日本語
Português
РуÑÑкий
Español
(Redirected from Army Group Center)
'Army Group Centre' () was the name of two distinct German army groups that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II. The first Army Group Centre was created on 22 June 1941, as one of three Wehrmacht formations assigned to the invasion of the Soviet Union. On 25 January 1945, after it was encircled in the Königsberg pocket, Army Group Centre was renamed Army Group North, and Army Group A became Army Group Centre. The latter formation retained its name until the end of the war in Europe.
Main articles: Operation Barbarossa, Battle of Moscow
On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany and its Axis allies launched their surprise attack against the Soviet Union. Their armies, totaling over three million men, were to advance in three main geographical directions. Army Group North was to move through the Baltic region and capture the city of Leningrad; Army Group Centre was to defeat the Soviet armies in Belarus and capture Moscow; and Army Group South was to occupy Ukraine. The Germans planned for a rapid advance using ''Blitzkrieg'' tactics, and a quick and decisive victory over the Soviet Union by mid-November.
Army Group Centre was the strongest of the three German formations. Commanded by Field Marshal Fedor von Bock, it included the 4th and 9th Army, the 2nd and 3rd Panzer Groups and the 2nd Air Fleet. By mid-August 1941 it had crushed Soviet forces in huge encirclement battles: Battle of Białystok-Minsk and Battle of Smolensk. Once they had conquered the territories in the West of the Soviet Union, the Germans began their genocide regime, burning thousands of cities and villages, shooting and deporting hundreds of thousands of civilians. Soviet prisoners of war, 300,000 after the battle of Minsk alone, were either killed in concentration camps, or literally starved to death in prison camps, mostly nothing more than fields surrounded with barbed wire in the open.
In spite of terrible losses, Soviet resistance was fierce and self-sacrificing. A partisan movement disrupted German supply lines. Bitter fighting in the Battle of Smolensk delayed the German advance for two months. The advance of Army Group Centre was further delayed as Hitler ordered a postponement of the offensive against Moscow, and to conquer Ukraine first. The German offensive against Moscow was resumed on 30 September, 1941.
The delays turned out to be fatal to the German forces fighting their way on the approaches to the Soviet capital. Autumn rains turned roads into mud. In November, an unusually harsh winter set in, catching the Germans ill-equipped for winter warfare. Meanwhile, Soviet resistance grew plainly desperate, as soldiers engaged in infantry combat against German tanks. Suffering tremendous losses, the Soviets finally stopped the German advance in late November 1941, when the Germans had the Moscow Kremlin in sight. The Soviet counter-offensive in the Battle of Moscow, which started on December 6, 1941, would mark the first decisive blow against the German invaders, and the failure of the German Blitzkrieg. Army Group Centre was driven back out of reach of Moscow by April 1942. It did however hold a narrow salient (the Rzhev Salient) which still threatened Moscow and would be the subject of numerous Soviet attacks in the coming year.
1942 for Army Group Centre opened with continuing attacks from Soviet forces around Rzhev. The German Ninth Army was able to repel these attacks and stabilise its front, despite continuing large-scale partisan activity in its rear areas. Meanwhile the German strategic focus on the Eastern Front shifted to southern Russia, with the launching of Operation Blue in June. This operation, aimed at the oilfields in the southern Caucasus, involved Army Group South alone, with the other German army groups giving up troops and equipment for the offensive.
Despite the focus on the south, Army Group Centre continued to see fierce fighting throughout the year. While the Soviet attacks in early 1942 had not driven the Germans back, they had resulted in several Red Army units being trapped behind German lines. Eliminating the pocket took until July, the same month in which the Soviets made another attempt to break through the army group's front; the attempt failed, but the front line was pushed back closer to Rzhev. The largest Soviet operation in the army group's sector that year, Operation Mars, took place in November. It was launched concurrently with Operation Uranus, the counteroffensive against the German assault on Stalingrad. The operation was repulsed with very heavy Soviet losses, although it did have the effect of pinning down German units that could have been sent to the fighting around Stalingrad.
Following the success of their Stalingrad and Voronezh counteroffensives the Soviets planned another attack on Army Group Centre for February 1943 (the Sevsk Operation). The plan was for a co-ordinated assault by Soviet forces in the Kursk and northern Army Group Centre areas to encircle and first destroy the German forces at Orel and then the Rzhev Salient with Soviet units ultimately to meet at Smolensk in a grand encirclement of Army Group Centre. However, the Germans forestalled this offensive by carrying out their own Operation Buffalo - the planned evacuation of the Rzhev Salient to shorten their lines. When Soviet attacks from Kursk towards Orel failed to make progress the offensive was called off.
In July and August 1943 the Soviets succeeded in stopping the German offensive Operation Citadel into the Kursk Salient and counterattacked towards Orel and Kharkov. In tandem with the offensive into Ukraine another offensive, the Smolensk Operation (Operation Suvarov), was launched against Army Group Centre between August and October 1943. The attacks made slow progress but were successful in recapturing Smolensk and the important rail junction at Nevel, forcing the German line back on a broad front, however the attack foundered on the strong German defensive works in the Vitebsk-Orsha-Mogilev area (the Ostwall defensive line).
Further Soviet offensives against Army Group Centre - the Gomel and Orsha Operations in November 1943 and the Vitebsk Operation in February 1944 were unsuccessful against the strong Ostwall defences. However, the Soviets did succeed in almost encircling the heavily fortified town of Vitebsk.
In comparison to the great Soviet victories in the Ukraine since Stalingrad, Soviet progress on the central front (roughly the area Minsk - Smolensk - Moscow) in the period early 1942-early 1944 had been disappointing. Soviet planners launched several offensives hoping for a grand encirclement and destruction of Army Group Centre yet had only succeeded in forcing the German line back on a broad front with heavy Soviet casualties. There were several reasons for this comparative lack of success - the terrain here was much more heavily forested and thus favoured the defender, German units in this area had had time to prepare comprehensive fortifications and the German leadership had been good, while Soviet leadership had been uninspired.
However, all this was to change in summer 1944. In spring 1944 the Soviet command started concentrating massive forces along the frontline in central Russia for a huge summer offensive against Army Group Centre. The Soviets also carried out a masterful deception campaign to convince the Germans that the main Soviet summer offensive would be launched further south, against Army Group North Ukraine. The German High Command was fooled and armored units were moved south out of Army Group Centre. The massive Soviet buildup opposite Army Group Centre was not detected.
The offensive, code-named Operation Bagration, was launched on 22 June 1944, the third anniversary of the German invasion and the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in 1941 (this was actually a coincidence, the attack had been unexpectedly delayed several days). 185 Soviet divisions comprising about 2.5 million soldiers and 6,000 tanks smashed into the German positions on a frontline of 1,000 km. The 500,000-strong German Army Group Centre was crushed. 350,000 Germans were killed or captured. Soviet forces raced forward, liberating Minsk and the rest of Byelorussia (Belarus) by the end of August, crossing the pre-war border and advancing into East Prussia and Poland by the end of the year. In terms of casualties this was the greatest German defeat of the entire war.
:''The following section needs a rewrite as it is a general eastern front one not specific to 'Army Group Centre'''.
The Soviet commanders, after their inaction during the Warsaw Uprising, took Warsaw in January 1945. Over three days, the Red Army, incorporating four army Fronts, began an offensive across the Narew River and from Warsaw. The Soviets outnumbered the Germans on average by 9:1 in troops, 9 or 10:1 in artillery and 10:1 in tanks and self-propelled artillery. After four days the Red Army broke out and started moving thirty to forty Kilometres a day, taking the Baltic States, Danzig, East Prussia, Poznań, and drawing up on a line sixty km east of Berlin along the Oder River.
On the 25th of January Hitler renamed three army groups. Army Group North became Army Group Courland; Army Group Centre became Army Group North and Army Group A became Army Group Centre.
Army Group North (old Army Group Centre), was driven into an ever smaller pocket around Königsberg in East Prussia. On April 9, 1945 Königsberg finally fell to the Red Army, remnants of units continued to resist on the Heiligenbeil & Danzig beachheads until the end of the war in Europe.
The last Soviet campaign of the war, which led to the fall of Berlin and the end of the war in Europe with the surrender of all German forces to the Allies. The three Soviet Fronts involved in the campaign had altogether 2.5 million men, 6,250 tanks, 7,500 aircraft, 41,600 artillery pieces and mortars, 3,255 truck-mounted "Katyusha" rocket launchers (nicknamed 'Stalin Organs' by the Germans), and 95,383 motor vehicles. The campaign started with the battle of Oder-Neisse. 'Army Group Centre' commanded by Ferdinand Schörner had a front that included the river Neisse. Before dawn on the morning of April 16 1945 the 1st Ukrainian Front under the command of General Konev started the attack over the river Neisse with a short but massive bombardment by tens of thousands of artillery pieces...
On May 7 the day that German Chief-of-Staff General Alfred Jodl was negotiating surrender of all German forces at SHAEF, the last that the German Armed Forces High Command (AFHC) had heard from Schörner was on May 2. He had reported that he intended to fight his way west and surrender his army group to the Americans. On the May 8 a colonel on the (AFHC), was escorted through the American lines to see Schörner. The colonel reported that Schörner had ordered the men under his operational command to observer the surrender but that he could not guarantee that he would be obeyed everywhere. Later that day Schörner deserted his command and flew to Austria where on the May 18 he was arrested by the Americans. Some of Army Group Centre continued to resist until May 11 by which time the overwhelming force of the Soviet Armies sent to occupy Czechoslovakia in the Prague Offensive gave them no option but to surrender or be killed.
★ 22 June 1941 Fedor von Bock
★ 19 December 1941 Günther von Kluge
★ for short time before Christmas 1941: Günther Blumentritt
★ 12 October 1943 Günther Blumentritt
★ 28 June 1944 Walter Model
★ 16 August 1944 Georg Hans Reinhardt
★ 17 January 1945 Ferdinand Schörner
★ 537th Signals Regiment
★ 537th Signals Regiment (2nd list)
★ List of World War II military units of Germany
'Army Group Centre' () was the name of two distinct German army groups that fought on the Eastern Front in World War II. The first Army Group Centre was created on 22 June 1941, as one of three Wehrmacht formations assigned to the invasion of the Soviet Union. On 25 January 1945, after it was encircled in the Königsberg pocket, Army Group Centre was renamed Army Group North, and Army Group A became Army Group Centre. The latter formation retained its name until the end of the war in Europe.
Invasion of the Soviet Union
Main articles: Operation Barbarossa, Battle of Moscow
On 22 June 1941, Nazi Germany and its Axis allies launched their surprise attack against the Soviet Union. Their armies, totaling over three million men, were to advance in three main geographical directions. Army Group North was to move through the Baltic region and capture the city of Leningrad; Army Group Centre was to defeat the Soviet armies in Belarus and capture Moscow; and Army Group South was to occupy Ukraine. The Germans planned for a rapid advance using ''Blitzkrieg'' tactics, and a quick and decisive victory over the Soviet Union by mid-November.
Army Group Centre was the strongest of the three German formations. Commanded by Field Marshal Fedor von Bock, it included the 4th and 9th Army, the 2nd and 3rd Panzer Groups and the 2nd Air Fleet. By mid-August 1941 it had crushed Soviet forces in huge encirclement battles: Battle of Białystok-Minsk and Battle of Smolensk. Once they had conquered the territories in the West of the Soviet Union, the Germans began their genocide regime, burning thousands of cities and villages, shooting and deporting hundreds of thousands of civilians. Soviet prisoners of war, 300,000 after the battle of Minsk alone, were either killed in concentration camps, or literally starved to death in prison camps, mostly nothing more than fields surrounded with barbed wire in the open.
A German military cemetery by Lake Ilmen.
In spite of terrible losses, Soviet resistance was fierce and self-sacrificing. A partisan movement disrupted German supply lines. Bitter fighting in the Battle of Smolensk delayed the German advance for two months. The advance of Army Group Centre was further delayed as Hitler ordered a postponement of the offensive against Moscow, and to conquer Ukraine first. The German offensive against Moscow was resumed on 30 September, 1941.
The delays turned out to be fatal to the German forces fighting their way on the approaches to the Soviet capital. Autumn rains turned roads into mud. In November, an unusually harsh winter set in, catching the Germans ill-equipped for winter warfare. Meanwhile, Soviet resistance grew plainly desperate, as soldiers engaged in infantry combat against German tanks. Suffering tremendous losses, the Soviets finally stopped the German advance in late November 1941, when the Germans had the Moscow Kremlin in sight. The Soviet counter-offensive in the Battle of Moscow, which started on December 6, 1941, would mark the first decisive blow against the German invaders, and the failure of the German Blitzkrieg. Army Group Centre was driven back out of reach of Moscow by April 1942. It did however hold a narrow salient (the Rzhev Salient) which still threatened Moscow and would be the subject of numerous Soviet attacks in the coming year.
Stalemate in 1942
1942 for Army Group Centre opened with continuing attacks from Soviet forces around Rzhev. The German Ninth Army was able to repel these attacks and stabilise its front, despite continuing large-scale partisan activity in its rear areas. Meanwhile the German strategic focus on the Eastern Front shifted to southern Russia, with the launching of Operation Blue in June. This operation, aimed at the oilfields in the southern Caucasus, involved Army Group South alone, with the other German army groups giving up troops and equipment for the offensive.
Despite the focus on the south, Army Group Centre continued to see fierce fighting throughout the year. While the Soviet attacks in early 1942 had not driven the Germans back, they had resulted in several Red Army units being trapped behind German lines. Eliminating the pocket took until July, the same month in which the Soviets made another attempt to break through the army group's front; the attempt failed, but the front line was pushed back closer to Rzhev. The largest Soviet operation in the army group's sector that year, Operation Mars, took place in November. It was launched concurrently with Operation Uranus, the counteroffensive against the German assault on Stalingrad. The operation was repulsed with very heavy Soviet losses, although it did have the effect of pinning down German units that could have been sent to the fighting around Stalingrad.
Advance and retreat, 1943
Following the success of their Stalingrad and Voronezh counteroffensives the Soviets planned another attack on Army Group Centre for February 1943 (the Sevsk Operation). The plan was for a co-ordinated assault by Soviet forces in the Kursk and northern Army Group Centre areas to encircle and first destroy the German forces at Orel and then the Rzhev Salient with Soviet units ultimately to meet at Smolensk in a grand encirclement of Army Group Centre. However, the Germans forestalled this offensive by carrying out their own Operation Buffalo - the planned evacuation of the Rzhev Salient to shorten their lines. When Soviet attacks from Kursk towards Orel failed to make progress the offensive was called off.
In July and August 1943 the Soviets succeeded in stopping the German offensive Operation Citadel into the Kursk Salient and counterattacked towards Orel and Kharkov. In tandem with the offensive into Ukraine another offensive, the Smolensk Operation (Operation Suvarov), was launched against Army Group Centre between August and October 1943. The attacks made slow progress but were successful in recapturing Smolensk and the important rail junction at Nevel, forcing the German line back on a broad front, however the attack foundered on the strong German defensive works in the Vitebsk-Orsha-Mogilev area (the Ostwall defensive line).
Further Soviet offensives against Army Group Centre - the Gomel and Orsha Operations in November 1943 and the Vitebsk Operation in February 1944 were unsuccessful against the strong Ostwall defences. However, the Soviets did succeed in almost encircling the heavily fortified town of Vitebsk.
In comparison to the great Soviet victories in the Ukraine since Stalingrad, Soviet progress on the central front (roughly the area Minsk - Smolensk - Moscow) in the period early 1942-early 1944 had been disappointing. Soviet planners launched several offensives hoping for a grand encirclement and destruction of Army Group Centre yet had only succeeded in forcing the German line back on a broad front with heavy Soviet casualties. There were several reasons for this comparative lack of success - the terrain here was much more heavily forested and thus favoured the defender, German units in this area had had time to prepare comprehensive fortifications and the German leadership had been good, while Soviet leadership had been uninspired.
Destruction of Army Group Centre
However, all this was to change in summer 1944. In spring 1944 the Soviet command started concentrating massive forces along the frontline in central Russia for a huge summer offensive against Army Group Centre. The Soviets also carried out a masterful deception campaign to convince the Germans that the main Soviet summer offensive would be launched further south, against Army Group North Ukraine. The German High Command was fooled and armored units were moved south out of Army Group Centre. The massive Soviet buildup opposite Army Group Centre was not detected.
The offensive, code-named Operation Bagration, was launched on 22 June 1944, the third anniversary of the German invasion and the beginning of the Great Patriotic War in 1941 (this was actually a coincidence, the attack had been unexpectedly delayed several days). 185 Soviet divisions comprising about 2.5 million soldiers and 6,000 tanks smashed into the German positions on a frontline of 1,000 km. The 500,000-strong German Army Group Centre was crushed. 350,000 Germans were killed or captured. Soviet forces raced forward, liberating Minsk and the rest of Byelorussia (Belarus) by the end of August, crossing the pre-war border and advancing into East Prussia and Poland by the end of the year. In terms of casualties this was the greatest German defeat of the entire war.
:''The following section needs a rewrite as it is a general eastern front one not specific to 'Army Group Centre'''.
The Soviet commanders, after their inaction during the Warsaw Uprising, took Warsaw in January 1945. Over three days, the Red Army, incorporating four army Fronts, began an offensive across the Narew River and from Warsaw. The Soviets outnumbered the Germans on average by 9:1 in troops, 9 or 10:1 in artillery and 10:1 in tanks and self-propelled artillery. After four days the Red Army broke out and started moving thirty to forty Kilometres a day, taking the Baltic States, Danzig, East Prussia, Poznań, and drawing up on a line sixty km east of Berlin along the Oder River.
Final battles
On the 25th of January Hitler renamed three army groups. Army Group North became Army Group Courland; Army Group Centre became Army Group North and Army Group A became Army Group Centre.
Army Group North (old Army Group Centre), was driven into an ever smaller pocket around Königsberg in East Prussia. On April 9, 1945 Königsberg finally fell to the Red Army, remnants of units continued to resist on the Heiligenbeil & Danzig beachheads until the end of the war in Europe.
The last Soviet campaign of the war, which led to the fall of Berlin and the end of the war in Europe with the surrender of all German forces to the Allies. The three Soviet Fronts involved in the campaign had altogether 2.5 million men, 6,250 tanks, 7,500 aircraft, 41,600 artillery pieces and mortars, 3,255 truck-mounted "Katyusha" rocket launchers (nicknamed 'Stalin Organs' by the Germans), and 95,383 motor vehicles. The campaign started with the battle of Oder-Neisse. 'Army Group Centre' commanded by Ferdinand Schörner had a front that included the river Neisse. Before dawn on the morning of April 16 1945 the 1st Ukrainian Front under the command of General Konev started the attack over the river Neisse with a short but massive bombardment by tens of thousands of artillery pieces...
On May 7 the day that German Chief-of-Staff General Alfred Jodl was negotiating surrender of all German forces at SHAEF, the last that the German Armed Forces High Command (AFHC) had heard from Schörner was on May 2. He had reported that he intended to fight his way west and surrender his army group to the Americans. On the May 8 a colonel on the (AFHC), was escorted through the American lines to see Schörner. The colonel reported that Schörner had ordered the men under his operational command to observer the surrender but that he could not guarantee that he would be obeyed everywhere. Later that day Schörner deserted his command and flew to Austria where on the May 18 he was arrested by the Americans. Some of Army Group Centre continued to resist until May 11 by which time the overwhelming force of the Soviet Armies sent to occupy Czechoslovakia in the Prague Offensive gave them no option but to surrender or be killed.
Commanders in chief
★ 22 June 1941 Fedor von Bock
★ 19 December 1941 Günther von Kluge
★ for short time before Christmas 1941: Günther Blumentritt
★ 12 October 1943 Günther Blumentritt
★ 28 June 1944 Walter Model
★ 16 August 1944 Georg Hans Reinhardt
★ 17 January 1945 Ferdinand Schörner
Order of battle
Army Group HQ troops
★ 537th Signals Regiment
★ 537th Signals Regiment (2nd list)
Subordinated units
| Date | subordinated armies |
|---|---|
| ' 1941' | |
| June 1941 | 9th Army, 4th Army |
| July 1941 | 3rd Panzer Group, 9th Army, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Group, z. Vfg. 2nd Army |
| August 1941 | 3rd Panzer Group, 9th Army, 2nd Army, Army Group of Guderian |
| September 1941 | 3rd Panzer Group, 9th Army, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Group, 2nd Army |
| October 1941 | 9th Army, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Army, 2nd Army |
| November 1941 | 9th Army, 3rd Panzer Group, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Army, 2nd Army |
| '1942' | |
| January 1942 | 9th Army, 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Panzer Army, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Army, 2nd Army |
| February 1942 | 3rd Panzer Army, 9th Army, 4th Panzer Army, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Army |
| May 1942 | 9th Army, 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Army |
| '1943' | |
| January 1943 | LIX AK, 9th Army, 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Army |
| February 1943 | 3rd Panzer Army, 9th Army, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Army |
| March 1943 | 3rd Panzer Army, 9th Army, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Army, 2nd Army |
| April 1943 | 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Army, 2nd Army, z.Vfg. 9th Army |
| July 1943 | 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 2nd Panzer Army, 9th Army, 2nd Army |
| September 1943 | 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 9th Army, 2nd Army |
| November 1943 | 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 9th Army, 2nd Army, armed forces commander east country |
| '1944' | |
| January 1944 | 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 9th Army, 2nd Army |
| July 1944 | 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 2nd Army, z.Vfg. 9th Army |
| August 1944 | 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 4th Army, 2nd Army, IV SS Panzer Corps |
| '1945' | |
| January 1945 | 3rd Panzer Army, 4th Army, 2nd Army |
| February 1945 | 4th Panzer Army, 17th Army, 1st Panzer Army |
| May 1945 | 7th Army, 4th Panzer Army, 17th Army, 1st Panzer Army |
See also
★ List of World War II military units of Germany
This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.
psst.. try this: add to faves
