AUNT JEMIMA

'Aunt Jemima' is a trademark for pancake flour, syrup, and other breakfast foods. The trademark dates to 1893, although Aunt Jemima pancake mix debuted in 1889. The phrase "Aunt Jemima" is sometimes used as a female version of "Uncle Tom" to refer to a black woman who is perceived as obsequiously servile or acting in, or protective of, the interests of whites.
The 1950s television show, ''Beulah'', came under fire for depicting a "mammy"-like black maid and cook who was somewhat reminiscent of Aunt Jemima. Today, "Beulah" and "Aunt Jemima" are regarded as more or less interchangeable as terms of disparagement. The name "Jemima" is biblical in nature and is an anglicized version of the feminine Hebrew name ''Yamimah'', the second of Job's daughters born to at the end of his self-titled book of the Bible.

Contents

History

References

External links

History

The direct inspiration for Aunt Jemima originates from a minstrelsy/vaudeville song of the same name. Chris L. Rutt of the Pearl Milling Company saw the song being sung by blackface performers Baker & Farrell wearing an apron and kerchief, and appropriated the character.[1]
Aunt Jemima is depicted as a plump, smiling, bright-eyed, black woman, originally wearing a kerchief over her hair. She was represented as a slave and was the most commonplace representation of the stereotypical "mammy" character.
The character of Aunt Jemima also appeared in vaudeville, played by comedienne, Tess Gardella (a white actress, who performed the role in blackface).^[1]
The woman whose likeness was painted for the logo was Anna Short Harrington. Nancy Green, born a slave in Montgomery County, Kentucky, was hired by R.T. Davis Milling Company to play the Jemima character from 1890 to her death on September 24, 1923. Green (as Jemima), operated a pancake-cooking display at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois during 1893, beside the "world's largest flour barrel." Harriette Widmer also portrayed the character on radio. There is also speculation that Ohio woman Rosie Riles (1901–1969) modelled for the first conception of the Aunt Jemima character.
Aunt Jemima was not the only depiction of a black person to be used in early advertising. Black caricatures were often featured prominently as trademarks of several products. Most commonly, such images were used to sell food, cleaning agents, agricultural produce, and products that were black or brown, such as coffee, ink, and chocolate. Examples include Cream of Wheat, featuring a cook named "Rastus," Fairbank's Gold Dust, a powdered laundry detergent, featuring "Goldie" and "Dusty," the "Gold Dust Twins," J & P Coat's Threads, featuring "Topsy" and "Mammy" cookie jars. Objections to the depiction of Aunt Jemima and other black advertising date back to the 1920s. According to ''Slave in a Box'' by M.M. Manring, one black professional polled in 1928 responded, "I positively hate this illustration."
The Aunt Jemima trademark has been modified several times over the years. She has been made younger and more physically attractive, and her kerchief has been eliminated for a more modern hairstyle and pearls. This new look remains with the products to this day.
Quaker Oats bought the brand in 1926. Aunt Jemima frozen foods were licensed out to Aurora Foods in 1996 and in 2004 absorbed into Pinnacle Foods Corporation.

★ 1964: Aunt Jemima receives Key to the City of Albion on January 25, 1964. She visited Albion many times for fundraisers. [2]

References

★ Goings, Kenneth. ''Mammy and Uncle Mose: Black Collectibles and American Stereotyping''. 1994. Bloomington: Indiana University Press ISBN 0-253-32592-7

★ Manring, M.M. ''Slave in a Box: The Strange Career of Aunt Jemima.'' 1998. Charlottesville, University of Virginia Press ISBN 0-8139-1811-1

External links

★ Quaker Oats Aunt Jemima brand web site

★ Pinnacle Foods Aunt Jemima brand web site

★ Grave of Rosie Riles

★ Rosa Washington Riles

★ Radio Talk Show Host Calls Rice an "Aunt Jemima"

★ The Women Who Have Portrayed Aunt Jemima

★ Nutrition facts