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EspañolAUTISTIC SPECTRUM
'Autism spectrum disorders' (ASD) (sometimes referred to as 'autism spectrum' or 'autistic spectrum') are classified in the ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders'' (DSM-IV-TR) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) as five pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) characterized by widespread abnormalities of social interactions and communication, as well as severely restricted interests and highly repetitive behavior. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, World Health Organization, , , , ,
Autism is one of the five autism spectrum disorders. Of the other four autism spectrum disorders, Asperger's syndrome is closest to autism in signs and likely causes; Rett syndrome and childhood disintegrative disorder share several signs with autism but may have unrelated causes; finally, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) is diagnosed when the criteria are not met for a more specific disorder.[1] Unlike autism, Asperger's has no significant delay in language development.[2]
The terminology of autism can be bewildering, with autism, Asperger's, and PDD-NOS sometimes called the ''autistic disorders'', The genetics of autistic disorders and its clinical relevance: a review of the literature, Freitag CM, , , Mol Psychiatry, whereas autism itself is often called ''autistic disorder'', ''childhood autism'', or ''infantile autism''. ASD in turn is a subset of the broader autism phenotype (BAP), which describes individuals who may not have ASD but do have some autistic-like traits, such as avoiding eye contact.[3]
One review estimated a prevalence of at least 1.3 per 1,000 for autism and 6.0–6.5 per 1,000 for ASD; PDD-NOS was the vast majority of ASD, Asperger's was about 0.3 per 1,000 and the atypical forms childhood disintegrative disorder and Rett syndrome were much rarer.[4]
Behaviorally, certain characteristics identify the autism spectrum. The type, severity and/or number of autistic traits present determines the severity of autism in the individual. These autistic traits may be beneficial for some disciplines like science, mathematics, engineering and computer programming. Some autistic individuals might show a marked proficiency in rote memorization which may help learn the foundation of these subjects; however, the exceptionally good aptitude (in these subjects) of high functioning autistic spectrum persons may be due to their ability to readily identify patterns and apply them consistently to new situations outside of established knowledge or teaching. These savant skills, although popularly considered to be a major part of autistic disorders, are evident only in about 5% of autistic individuals (Klin and Volkmar, 1997).
Some research suggests a possible genetic and behavioral connection between ADHD and autism. [1]
1. Autism spectrum disorders, Lord C, Cook EH, Leventhal BL, Amaral DG, , , Neuron,
2. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association, , , , ,
3. Broader autism phenotype: evidence from a family history study of multiple-incidence autism families, Piven J, Palmer P, Jacobi D, Childress D, Arndt S, , , Am J Psychiatry,
4. Epidemiology of autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders, Fombonne E, , , J Clin Psychiatry,
★
★ CDC's "Learn the Signs. Act Early.” campaign - Information for parents on early childhood development and developmental disabilities such as autism
★ support forum with family members on the spectrum
★ Autism Spectrum Disorders (Pervasive Developmental Disorders)
★ Autism Spectrum Disorders from ScienceDaily - Latest research news on autism spectrum disorders. Includes searchable archives
★ Autistic Spectrum Disorder fact sheets - Fact sheets on diagnosis, early intervention, behaviors, family issues & personal stories, for both parents of a child on the autistic spectrum, and adults on the spectrum.
★ 3106 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism
Autism is one of the five autism spectrum disorders. Of the other four autism spectrum disorders, Asperger's syndrome is closest to autism in signs and likely causes; Rett syndrome and childhood disintegrative disorder share several signs with autism but may have unrelated causes; finally, pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) is diagnosed when the criteria are not met for a more specific disorder.[1] Unlike autism, Asperger's has no significant delay in language development.[2]
The terminology of autism can be bewildering, with autism, Asperger's, and PDD-NOS sometimes called the ''autistic disorders'', The genetics of autistic disorders and its clinical relevance: a review of the literature, Freitag CM, , , Mol Psychiatry, whereas autism itself is often called ''autistic disorder'', ''childhood autism'', or ''infantile autism''. ASD in turn is a subset of the broader autism phenotype (BAP), which describes individuals who may not have ASD but do have some autistic-like traits, such as avoiding eye contact.[3]
One review estimated a prevalence of at least 1.3 per 1,000 for autism and 6.0–6.5 per 1,000 for ASD; PDD-NOS was the vast majority of ASD, Asperger's was about 0.3 per 1,000 and the atypical forms childhood disintegrative disorder and Rett syndrome were much rarer.[4]
| Contents |
| Autistic traits |
| ADHD and autism |
| References |
| External links |
Autistic traits
Behaviorally, certain characteristics identify the autism spectrum. The type, severity and/or number of autistic traits present determines the severity of autism in the individual. These autistic traits may be beneficial for some disciplines like science, mathematics, engineering and computer programming. Some autistic individuals might show a marked proficiency in rote memorization which may help learn the foundation of these subjects; however, the exceptionally good aptitude (in these subjects) of high functioning autistic spectrum persons may be due to their ability to readily identify patterns and apply them consistently to new situations outside of established knowledge or teaching. These savant skills, although popularly considered to be a major part of autistic disorders, are evident only in about 5% of autistic individuals (Klin and Volkmar, 1997).
ADHD and autism
Some research suggests a possible genetic and behavioral connection between ADHD and autism. [1]
References
1. Autism spectrum disorders, Lord C, Cook EH, Leventhal BL, Amaral DG, , , Neuron,
2. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association, , , , ,
3. Broader autism phenotype: evidence from a family history study of multiple-incidence autism families, Piven J, Palmer P, Jacobi D, Childress D, Arndt S, , , Am J Psychiatry,
4. Epidemiology of autistic disorder and other pervasive developmental disorders, Fombonne E, , , J Clin Psychiatry,
External links
★
★ CDC's "Learn the Signs. Act Early.” campaign - Information for parents on early childhood development and developmental disabilities such as autism
★ support forum with family members on the spectrum
★ Autism Spectrum Disorders (Pervasive Developmental Disorders)
★ Autism Spectrum Disorders from ScienceDaily - Latest research news on autism spectrum disorders. Includes searchable archives
★ Autistic Spectrum Disorder fact sheets - Fact sheets on diagnosis, early intervention, behaviors, family issues & personal stories, for both parents of a child on the autistic spectrum, and adults on the spectrum.
★ 3106 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism
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