AVALON HILL

'Avalon Hill' was a game company that specialized in wargames and strategic board games. It also published the occasional miniature wargaming rules, role-playing game, and had a popular line of sports simulations. It is now a division of the game company Wizards of the Coast, which is itself a subsidiary of Hasbro.

Contents

History

References

See also

External links

History

The company was started in 1958 by Charles S. Roberts following the success of his wargame ''Tactics''. With ''Tactics'', Roberts created a new type of board game based on actual war-like scenarios and strategies. This sort of game had previously existed (H. G. Wells had written a set of rules called ''Little Wars''), but they had exclusively used miniature figures and modeled 3D terrain (like that found in model railroading).
Avalon Hill pioneered many of the concepts of modern recreational wargaming. These include elements such as the use of a hexagonal grid (aka hexgrid) overlaid on a flat folding board, zones of control (ZOC), stacking of multiple units at a location, an odds-based combat results table (CRT), terrain effects on movement, troop strength, morale, and board games based upon historical events. Complex games could and did take days or even weeks, and AH set up a system for people to play games by mail.
Perhaps the most famous and popular wargame Avalon Hill published was ''Panzerblitz'' (1970), designed for the company by a young Jim Dunnigan. Dunnigan went on to run what was to become their biggest competitor: Simulations Publications Inc. Other well-regarded games published around this time were ''Midway'', ''Afrika Korps'', ''The Battle of the Bulge'', and ''Blitzkrieg''. This last game was more of an abstract training game featuring two sides, red and blue and some neutral countries. Many rule variants were created for ''Blitzkrieg''.
While wargames were always what Avalon Hill was best known for, Roberts had founded it as a company for ''adult'' (that is, thinking) games. His own favorite game that he designed during his time with the company was ''Management''.^[1] Through much of its history, wargames were only about half of the Avalon Hill line. The non-wargame side of the line picked up several good titles such as ''Acquire'' and ''Twixt'' from the purchase of 3M's line of games in 1976. During the 1970s, Avalon Hill published a number of tabletop sports simulations, culminating in the popular ''Statis Pro'' line in 1978 which was based on the names and statistics of actual players. Updated sets of cards were made available every year until 1992, by which time sports computer and video games were drying up the market.
Beyond just the 3M games, Avalon Hill also purchased many games from smaller companies and republished them. Much of Battleline Publications line, including ''Wooden Ships and Iron Men'' was republished by Avalon Hill, as well as Jedko Games' ''The Russian Campaign'' and ''War at Sea'' and Hartland Trefoil's ''Civilization''. ''1830'' was developed by Avalon Hill, but based on Francis Tresham's ''1829''.
Additionally the company got into the role-playing game market by publishing ''Lords of Creation'' (1983) and ''Powers and Perils''. The license to ''RuneQuest'' was acquired in a complex agreement with Chaosium and Avalon Hill published the 3rd Edition in 1983.^[2]
Avalon Hill was also an early publisher of computer games starting in 1980. Adapting some of its boardgame titles to various platforms (TRS-80, Vic-20, Commodore 64, Apple II, etc.) and formats (cassette tape and 5¼" disk). There were occasional successes, but nothing that was noticed by the computer game industry as a whole until relatively late in its life with games like ''Achtung Spitfire!''.
In 1982 Avalon Hill hired some of the design staff from Simulations Publications, Inc. (SPI), which had just been bought by TSR, Inc and formed them into a subsidiary company, Victory Games. SPI had generally specialized in wargames that were more complex and attempted to be more exacting simulations than what Avalon Hill published. Victory Games released a line of games that adhered to this same style, and many of them got much critical and commercial acclaim. However, the staff slowly left for other companies and was not replaced with new hires. The remnants were disbanded in 1989, although a few more games with the "VG" logo appeared after this.^[3]
Avalon Hill became a subsidiary of Monarch Avalon Printing in 1962 (as a way of repaying debts incurred by Roberts), which then ran it for the next 36 years. After some costly legal missteps in 1997 and 1998, Monarch decided to get out of the gaming business, disbanding Avalon Hill in the summer of 1998. Hasbro Games purchased the rights to the Avalon Hill games and back inventory and the name "Avalon Hill" for $6 million. Hasbro now publishes a select number of old Avalon Hill games. Several individual games were licensed to interested publishers. The largest number of the most popular games were licensed to Curt Schilling's Multi-Man Publishing.
Hasbro has also released a few new games under the Avalon Hill name, and has added the Avalon Hill name to older games like ''Axis and Allies'' that were not originally made by Avalon Hill. The games published under Hasbro ownership have been targeted for a wider general audience, and are less hobbyist oriented than had been published previously.
Avalon Hill also had its own external house organ which promoted sale and play of its games, ''The General Magazine'', which was published regularly between 1964 and 1998. The magazine offered a wide array of features, including strategy and tactics articles, historical analyses, semi-regular features devoted to specific games, columns on sports and computer games by AH, listings of vendors and opponents, question and answers for game rules, ratings for both games and players, discount coupons for mail orders, and insider information on future AH projects.

References

1. Charles S. Roberts: The Founding Father from the CSR Awards site, retrieved 10/30/06.
2. RPG Companies
3. The Complete Wargames Handbook Chapter 5: History of Wargames - Into the 1980s

See also

★ List of Avalon Hill games

External links

★ The official Avalon Hill web site

★ Web-Grognard's list of AH games

★ List of Avalon Hill titles (with pictures of most)

★ The Fall of Avalon Hill