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'Béjaïa' or 'Bougie' (Kabyle 'Bgayet' or Tifinagh 'ⴱⴳⴰⵢⴻⵜ', pronounced /; Arabic بجاية [] / [], also transliterated 'Bijāyah') is a Mediterranean port on the Gulf of Béjaïa, capital of Béjaïa Province, northern Algeria. Under French rule, it was formerly known under various European names, such as ''Budschaja'' in German, ''Bugia'' in Italian, and ''Bougie'' // (both of which are words for 'candle'). Béjaïa is the largest Kabyle city in Algeria.

Contents

Demography

Economy

History

Friendly relationship

References

External links

Demography

The population of the city in 1998 was 147,076, while the population of the whole wilaya (province) was 905,000. ^[1]

Economy

The northern terminus of the Hassi Messaoud oil pipeline from the Sahara, Béjaïa is the principal oil port of the Western Mediterranean. Exports, aside from crude petroleum, include iron, phosphates, wines, dried figs, and plums. The city also has textile and cork industries.

History

A minor port in Carthaginian and Roman times, Béjaïa was the Roman ''Saldae'', a veteran colony founded by emperor Vespasian of great importance in the province of Mauretania Caesariensis, later in the fraction Sitifensis. It became the capital of the short-lived African kingdom of the Germanic Vandals (founded in 429-430), which was wiped out circa 533 by the Byzantines who established the African prefecture and later the Exarchate of Carthage. It had disappeared but was refounded by the Berber Hammadid dynasty (whose capital it became) in the 11th century, and became an important port and cultural center. The son of a Pisan merchant (and probably consul), posthumously known as Fibonacci, there learned under the Almohad dynasty about Arabic numerals, and introduced them and modern mathematics into feudal Europe. After a Spanish occupation (1510–55), the city was taken by the Ottoman Turks. Until it was captured by the French in 1833, Bejaïa was a stronghold of the Barbary pirates (see Barbary States).
It was Christianized in the 5th century, became officially Arian under the Vandals, and then Muslim under the Berbers. It was the site of the martyrdom by lapidation of Raymond Lull in 1325 and has also been a titular bishopric.
City landmarks include a 16th-century mosque and a ''casbah'' (fortress) built by the Spanish in 1545.
In the museum of Bejaïa can be seen a picture of Orientalist painter Maurice Boitel, who painted in the city for a while.
The town is overlooked by the mountain ''Lalla Gouraya'', whose profile is said to resemble a sleeping woman; other nearby scenic spots include the ''Pic des Singes'' (Monkey Peak) and the ''Zigouates'' beaches. All three are contained in the ''Gouraya National Park''. The ''Soummam'' river runs through the town.

Friendly relationship

Béjaïa has an official friendly relationship (''protocole d'amitié'') with: ^[2]

★ Brest, France (1995)

References

1. http://www.wbejaia.gov.dz/population.htm
2. http://www.mairie-brest.fr/brest/jumelages.htm

External links

★ History of Béjaïa

★ Catholic Encyclopaedia - various entries

★ Google map of Béjaïa