BELT PARKWAY

The 'Belt Parkway', also known as the 'Belt System' or 'Circumferential Parkway', is a series of limited-access highways that form a complete circle around the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens on Long Island. The system is composed of four separate parkways; however, three of the four are signed as the "Belt Parkway". The three parkways that make up the signed "Belt Parkway" are 25.29 miles (40.7 km) long.

Contents

Route description

Shore Parkway

Southern Parkway

Laurelton Parkway

Cross Island Parkway

History

The Belt System

Conversion and completion

Exit list

References

External links

Route description

The 'Shore Parkway', 'Southern Parkway', 'Laurelton Parkway' and Cross Island Parkway are collectively known as the "Belt System".^[2] The four components of the Belt System are designated as 'New York State Reference Routes 907C, 907D, 907B, and 907A', respectively, all unsigned reference routes. Excluding the Cross Island Parkway, the other three segments are now known collectively as the official "Belt Parkway". It is designated an east-west route, and its exit numbering system begins, in standard fashion, at the western terminus of the Shore Parkway, the westernmost parkway in the system. The numbering increases as the parkway proceeds eastward, and continues onto the Cross Island at the eastern terminus of the Belt Parkway. The north-south parkway retains the numbering scheme to its northern terminus.

Shore Parkway

The Shore Parkway begins at the Gowanus Expressway near the east end of the Verrazano Narrows Bridge and proceeds westward through Brooklyn. The Shore, the part of the system most people think of when they mention "Belt Parkway," makes a large arc to the south, passing under the Narrows bridge and entering the Coney Island area. The parkway turns east, roughly following the former path of Coney Island Creek before skipping across former islands in Jamaica Bay to reach the Southern Parkway.

Southern Parkway

The Southern Parkway, distinct from the Southern State Parkway in Nassau and Suffolk counties, is located entirely within the median of Conduit Boulevard between Cross Bay Boulevard and Brookville Boulevard. Just west of Brookville, the Southern exits the median, turning to the northeast and becoming the Laurelton Parkway.

Laurelton Parkway

The Laurelton Parkway is a short connector between the Southern Parkway and the Cross Island Parkway. At exit 25A (Southern State Parkway), the Laurelton, as well as the Belt Parkway, becomes the Cross Island Parkway.

Cross Island Parkway

Main articles: Cross Island Parkway

The Cross Island Parkway continues north from the interchange with the Southern State Parkway near the border of Nassau County, then west to the Bronx-Whitestone Bridge, where it terminates at the Whitestone Expressway.

History

The Belt Parkway was proposed by builder and highway advocate Robert Moses in 1930 to provide modern highway access to Manhattan and to connect to, and use similar design principles to, parkways already constructed on Long Island and Westchester County, New York. Construction began in 1934. The full loop was completed when the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway (also known as the "BQE") was finished in 1960.

The Belt System

Though some signage bears the name "Belt Parkway," the original plan never called for a highway of that name, rather a system of different named parkways called the "Belt System." The ''Belt System'' is made up of a series of interconnecting highways, none of which are actually named the ''Belt Parkway''. Originally, the highways were the Gowanus Parkway from the Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel to the Shore Parkway; the entirety of the Shore, Southern, Laurelton, and Cross Island Parkways; the Whitestone Parkway from the Cross Island to the Grand Central Parkway; and the Grand Central from the Whitestone to the Triborough Bridge.
All of the original parkways, except the Gowanus, were built on strips of green and treed rights-of-way in a more pleasant surrounding than most highways of their time. The Gowanus Parkway was built as an elevated structure over Third and Hamilton Avenues in order to avoid the active docks and industrial areas in that part of Brooklyn.

Conversion and completion

Like most parkways in New York State, the parkways comprising the Belt System were closed to commercial traffic, including any vehicle with a non-passenger registration and all commercial trucking of any size. Originally even station wagons, which had "suburban" registrations, were excluded but they were later allowed, along with passenger-registered SUVs and vans.
The system was not completed as a parkway, and some portions of the original system were converted to expressways, which allows commercial traffic to use them. These expressway portions included the Gowanus Expressway, replacing Gowanus Parkway as a connector between Manhattan and the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge to Staten Island and New Jersey (now signed as part of Interstate 278); Whitestone Expressway, which converted Whitestone Parkway into a truck route to connect the Van Wyck Expressway to the Bronx-Whitestone Bridge (now signed as part of Interstate 678); and the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway, built as an expressway to connect the Gowanus Parkway/Expressway to the Triborough Bridge and Grand Central Parkway to complete the system (now signed as part of Interstate 278).

Exit list

County	Location	Mile1	#	Destinations	Notes
Kings (Brooklyn)	Bay Ridge	0.00	Belt Parkway westbound merges with I-278/Gowanus Expressway eastbound.
			1	65th Street/67th Street
	Fort Hamilton	3.38	2	4th Avenue/Fort Hamilton Parkway
			3		Westbound exit, eastbound entrance.
	Bath Beach	4.47	4	Bay 8th Street/14th Avenue
	Bensonhurst	5.63	5	Bay Parkway
	Coney Island	6.73	6S-N	Cropsey Avenue/Stillwell Avenue – Coney Island	Single exit 6 eastbound.
	Brighton Beach	7.81	7	Ocean Parkway	Numbered 7B and formerly numbered 7N westbound.
			7A	Shell Road	Eastbound exit and entrance. Formerly numbered 7S.
		7.89	8	Coney Island Avenue
	Sheepshead Bay	9.69	9	Knapp Street – Sheepshead Bay	Numbered 9A eastbound.
			9B	Knapp Street	Eastbound exit and entrance.
	Floyd Bennett Field	11.09	11S-N	Flatbush Avenue – Marine Park (north), Marine Parkway Bridge, Rockaways (south)
	Bergen Beach			Jamaica Bay Riding Academy	Eastbound exit and entrance.
	Canarsie	14.38	13	Rockaway Parkway
	Starrett City	15.42	14	Pennsylvania Avenue
			15	Erskine Street – Gateway Center Mall
Queens	Howard Beach	17.91	17N-S	Cross Bay Boulevard – Cohancy Street, Woodhaven (north), Rockaways (south)	Single exit 17 eastbound.
			17W		Westbound exit only.
	South Ozone Park	18.30	18	Lefferts Boulevard – Aqueduct Racetrack	Westbound exit and entrance.
			19	– JFK Airport	No access to I-678 from Belt Parkway east. Access to Lefferts Boulevard from Belt Parkway east.
		20.45	20	150th Street/Rockaway Boulevard (east)/JFK Expressway to JFK Airport (west)
	Springfield Gardens		21A	Rockaway Boulevard	Westbound exit and entrance.
		22.29	21B	Farmers Boulevard/Guy R. Brewer Boulevard
			22	Springfield Boulevard
	Laurelton	23.67	23		Eastbound exit only.
			23A		Westbound exit only.
		24.26	24A	Francis Lewis Boulevard/Merrick Boulevard (east)
			24B	130th Avenue (east)/Merrick Boulevard (west)
		25.29	25A	Southern State Parkway – Islip
			Belt Parkway eastbound becomes Cross Island Parkway northbound.

References

1. Traffic Data Report - NY 427 to NY 908F
2. NYSDOT List of Parkways

External links

★ Belt Parkway Historic Overview at Steve Anderson's ''nycroads.com''