BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE RWANDAN GENOCIDE
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This is a 'bibliography' of books, websites and other sources providing information on the 1994 'Rwandan Genocide'.
References
★ Altaio, Vicenc, and Alfredo Jarr. ''Let There Be Light: The Rwanda Project 1994 - 1998''. 1998.
★ ''Amnesty International Report 1997: Rwanda''
★ ''Amnesty International Report 2002: Rwanda
★ Amnesty International: ''Rwanda and Burundi: The Return Home: Rumours and Realities''. Online posting. ''Amnesty International Online Documentation Archive''. 20 Feb. 1996.
★ Barnett, Michael. ''Eyewitness to a Genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda''. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8014-8867-2.
★ Chretien, Jean-Pierre. ''Great Lakes of Africa: Two Thousand Years of History''. Zone Books, 2003. ISBN 1-890951-34-X.
★ Dallaire, RomĂ©o A. ''Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda'', Toronto: Random House Canada, 2003. ISBN 0-679-31171-8.
★ Des Forges, Alison. ''Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda''. New York: Human Rights Watch, 1999.
★ Diamond, Jared. ''. New York: Penguin, 2004. . Catalog entry).
★ Edwards, Steven. "'Explosive' Leak on Rwanda Genocide: Informants Told UN Investigators They Were On a Squad That Killed Rwanda's President--and a Forein Government Helped." ''National Post'' 3 Jan. 2000. Online posting.
★ Eltringham, Nigel. ''Accounting for Horror: Post-Genocide Debates in Rwanda''. London: Pluto Press 2004. ISBN 0-7453-2000-7.
★ Gold, Dore. ''Tower of Babble: How the United Nations has Fueled Global Chaos''. New York: Crown Forum, 2004. ISBN 1-4000-5475-3.
★ Gourevitch, Philip. ''We Wish To Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed With Our Families''. New York: Picadour, 1998. ISBN 0-312-24335-9.
★ ---. "Talk of the Town: Comment: Just Watching". Online posting. ''The New Yorker'' 6 June 2006. 5 June 2006.
★ Gribbin, Robert E. ''In the Aftermath of Genocide: The U.S. Role in Rwanda''. New York, iUniverse, 2005. ISBN 0-595-34411-9
★ Hatzfeld, Jean. ''Machete Season: The Killers in Rwanda Speak''. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005. Rpt. New York: Picador, 2006. Lettre Ulysses Award 2006
★ "ICTR Appeals Chamber takes Judicial Notice of Genocide in Rwanda." Official press release. Online posting. ICTR ICTR/INFO-9-2-481.EN Arusha, 20 June 2006. 23 June 2006.
★ Ilibagiza, ImmaculĂ©e. ''Left To Tell: Discovering God Amidst the Rwandan Holocaust''. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, Inc., 2006. ISBN 1-4019-0896-9.
★ Keane, Fergal. ''Season of Blood: A Rwandan Journey''. 1996. ISBN 0-14-024760-2.
★ Kimenyi, Felly. "ICTR Finally Recognizes 1994 Rwandan Genocide." ''New Times'' (Kigali, Rwanda) 22 June 2006.
★ Kuperman, Alan. ''The Limits of Humanitarian Intervention: Genocide in Rwanda''. 2001.
★ Mamdani, Mahmood. ''Citizen and Subject: Contemporary Africa and the Legacy of Late Colonialism.'' Princeton: Princeton UP, 1996.
★ ---. "The Nationality Question in a Neo-Colony: An Historical Perspective." Working Papers. Trenton, NJ: Africa Research and Publications Project, Inc., 1984.
★ ---. ''When Victims Become Killers : Colonialism, Nativism, and the Genocide in Rwanda''. 2002.
★ Melvern, Linda. ''A People Betrayed: The Role of the West in Rwanda's Genocide''. 2000. Zed Books, ISBN-13: 978-1856498319 (Pb), . New Africa Education Publishing, (Pb).
★ ---. ''Conspiracy to Murder: The Rwanda Genocide and the International Community''. London: Verso, 2004. ISBN 1-85984-588-6.
★ Neuffer, Elizabeth. ''The Key to My Neighbor's House: Seeking Justice in Bosnia and Rwanda''. 2002.
★ PĂ©an, Pierre. ''Noires fureurs, blancs menteurs: Rwanda 1990-1994''. Paris: Mille et une Nuits, 2005. ISBN 2-84205-929-8.
★ Peterson, Scott. ''Me Against My Brother: At War in Somalia, Sudan and Rwanda''. 2001.
★ Philpot, Robin. ''Ăa ne s'est pas passĂ© comme ça Ă Kigali''. MontrĂ©al: Les Intouchables (Hors-collection), 2003. ISBN 2-89549-097-X.
★ ---. "Re-writing the History of the Rwandan Genocide: That Halo Over Romeo Dallaire's Head Has More Than One Hole in It!" Online posting. ''CounterPunch 15/16 May 2004.
★ ---. ''Rwanda 1994: Colonialism Dies Hard''. Online posting. The Taylor Report. (English version of ''Ăa ne s'est pas passĂ©...'') 2005.
★ ---. "Second Thoughts on the Hotel Rwanda: Boutros-Ghali: a CIA Role in the 1994 Assassination of Rwanda's President Habyarimana?" Online posting. CounterPunch 26/27 Feb. 2005.
★ Power, Samantha. ''A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide''. New York: Harper Perennial, 2003. 329-90. ISBN 0-06-054164-4.
★ Prunier, GĂ©rard. ''The Rwanda crisis: history of a genocide''. Columbia University Press, 1995. ISBN 0-231-10408-1.
★ QuilĂšs, M. Paul, Pierre Brana, and Bernard Cazeneuve. ''Rapport d'Information DĂ©posĂ© en application de l'article 145 du RĂšglement: Par la Mission d'Information (1) de la Commission de la DĂ©fense Nationale et des Forces ArmĂ©es et de la Commission des Affaires ĂtrangĂšres, sur les opĂ©rations militaires menĂ©es par la France, d'autres pays et l'ONU au Rwanda entre 1990 et 1994.'' Report from the French Parliamentary Commission on the policies followed by France, other countries and the United Nations between 1990 and 1994 in Rwanda. 15 Dec. 1998.
★ ''Report of The Independent Inquiry into the Actions of the United Nations During the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda'' and ''Statement of the Secretary-General on Receiving the Report of the Independent Inquiry into the Actions of the United Nations During the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda.'' Online postings. Official website of the United Nations. 15 and 16 Dec. 1999.(Pdf files).
★ Stassen, Jean P. ''Deogratias, A tale of Rwanda.'' First Second, 2006. ISBN 1-59643-103-2
★ Strauss, Scott. ''The Order of Genocide: Race, Power, and War in Rwanda''. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, forthcoming Fall 2006.
★ Sunga, Lyal S. "The First Indictments of the ICTR." ''Human Rights Law Jour.'' 18 (1997): 329-340.
★ ---. "The Commission of Experts on Rwanda and Creation of the ICTR." ''Human Rights Law Jour''. 16 (1995): 121-124.
★ Temple-Raston, Dina. ''Justice on the Grass : Three Rwandan Journalists, Their Trial for War Crimes and a Nation's Quest for Redemption.'' 2005.
★ Wood, Brian, and Johan Peleman. "Brokering Arms for Genocide." Chap. 3 in ''The Arms Fixers'':''Controlling the Brokers and Shipping Agents''. A joint report of NISAT, BASIC, and PRIO. Online posting. NISAT 25 Nov. 1999. 24 June 2006. (Cf. Basic Publications.)
External links
★ Aegis Trust (genocide prevention trust) An independent international organisation dedicated to eliminating genocide
★ The 800,000 Project Information on a humanitarian art-in-action installation piece memorializing the victims of the Rwandan genocide and raising funds to establish local water wells.
★ 100 Days of Rwanda. Daily weblog chronicling the Genocide.
★ ''Amnesty International Online Documentation Archive: Rwanda''
★ "Arming Genocide in Rwanda," by Stephen D. Goose and Frank Smyth. Online posting. Foreign Affairs. September/October 1994. [Searchable online index and menu: ''Region'': ''Africa'' and ''Foreign Affairs''.]
★ The Arms Fixers
★ BBC News In Depth - Rwanda genocide Collection of articles, analyses and video materials
★ BBC News Panorama - When Good Men Do Nothing Article about the genocide by BBC Panorama reporter Steve Bradshaw.
★ BBC Witness: Stench of Blood A personal account of the events.
★ ''Case Study: Genocide in Rwanda, 1994''. An at times speculative account, with analysis focusing particularly on aspects that the website ''Gender Watch'' calls "gendercide." ''Gender Watch'' is " a project of the Gender Issues Education Foundation (GIEF), a registered charitable foundation based in Edmonton, Alberta."
★ ''Evidence of Inaction: A National Security Archive Briefing Book.'' Ed. William Ferroggiaro. Hosted on the website of George Washington University, Washington, DC. 20 Aug. 2001. Links sixteen declassified government documents showing what the U.S. government knew about the Rwandan Genocide.
★ From idealism to genocide
★ ''Ghosts of Rwanda'', documentary produced by PBS Frontline. Features interviews with many heads of state and policymakers. Summer 2004.
★ Hirondelle Foundation: Media for Peace and Dignity: Information, Documentation and Training Agency (IDTA) (Hirondelle News Agency [Arusha, Tanzania]: Since 1996 "has covered . . . all major judiciary events related to the 1994 Rwandan genocide, mainly the proceedings of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) but also the gacaca tribunals and the trials conducted according to classic justice procedures in Rwanda.")
★ ''Holocaust and Genocide Studies'' Oxford Journals Archive of All Online Issues: 1986 - March 2006. (Subscription access.)
★ Institute for the Study of Genocide/International Association of Genocide Scholars
★ Interactive Guide: Rwanda - remembering the genocide - The Guardian
★ The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience, by the Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda. ''Jour. of Humanitarian Assistance''. Online posting. 14 Apr. 1996.
★ ''Leave None To Tell The Story: Genocide In Rwanda''. Online publication by Human Rights Watch. Mar. 1999. ISBN 1-56432-171-1.
★ National University of Rwanda: Genocide Memorial
★ ''Remembering Rwanda and Defending Darfur: A Film Screening Guide (pdf file)''. Africa Action 7 Apr. 2006.
★ ''Resources on the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda: the Akazu "Hutu Power" Genocide of Tutsis''. Prevent Genocide International.
★ Rwandan Initiative: Symposium: The Media and the Rwandan Genocide. Carleton University (Ottawa, Canada) and the National University of Rwanda. Bell Theatre, Minto Centre, Carleton U. 13 Mar. 2004.
★ Rwandan Overview. Committee on Conscience: Rwandan Genocide. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
★ Rwanda Partners: Connecting Resources for Rwanda's Future. "A non-profit corporation committed to coming alongside the people of Rwanda as they seek to rebuild, reconcile, and restore their nation."
★ United Nations International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.
★ bbc.co.uk - Rwanda remembers genocide victims
★ pbs.org The Triumph of Evil
★ bbc.com How the Genocide Happened
★ hrw.org Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda
★ Symposium: The Media and the Rwanda Genocide, Carleton University School of Journalism and Communication, Canada.
★ Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting Rwanda Human Conflict and Environmental Consequences (Video)
★ Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting Mountain Gorillas Managed to Survive Genocide
★ 'MASSACRE AT NYARUBUYE CHURCH', BBC
★ 'TAKEN OVER BY SATAN', BBC
★ ''The Media and the Rwanda Genocide'', Allan Thompson, ed., Pluto Press: London, 2007, ISBN ISBN 1â55250â338â0 (full text of ebook)
★ â Discovering God Amidst the Rwandan Holocaust. This is the inspiring autobiography of survivor Immaculee Ilibagiza
★ "Mitterrand's role revealed in Rwandan genocide warning" by Alex Duval Smith, ''The Independent'', 3 July 2007
Related Media
★ ''100 Days''. Dramatic feature film directed by cameraman Nick Hughes. Center for International Development, Harvard University (Vivid Features film screening press release). 2001.
★ ''Un dimanche Ă la piscine Ă Kigali'' (2000). (''A Sunday at the Pool in Kigali''). Canadian novel adapted into ''Un dimanche Ă Kigali''. 2006. Dramatic feature film.
★ Exploring Rwanda and Darfur". Online posting. ''The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer''. PBS 12 Apr. 2006. (Transcript.)
★ ''Frontline: The Triumph of Evil: Ghosts of Rwanda'' PBS featured website and documentary (USA). Links to ''100 Days of Slaughter: A Chronology of US/UN Actions''.
★ ''Hotel Rwanda''. Dramatic feature film about Paul Rusesabagina, who ran a Kigali hotel ( HĂŽtel des Mille Collines) that became a sanctuary for Tutsis and moderate Hutus fleeing the genocide. 2004.
★ ''Keepers of Memory'' (2004). Documentary film directed by Eric Kabera.
★ ''Shake Hands with the Devil (2006 film)''. Canadian dramatic feature film adapted from retired Lieutenant-General RomĂ©o Dallaire's (2003) autobiographical book Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda (''J'ai serrĂ© la main du diable: La faillite de l'humanitĂ© au Rwanda''). In production, 2006. Possible release date, 2007.
★ ''. Canadian documentary film directed by Peter Raymont (2004 Sundance Film Festival Audience Award for World Cinema). 2004.
★ ''Shooting Dogs''. Dramatic feature film directed by Michael Caton-Jones. 2005.
★ ''Sometimes in April''. Dramatic feature film detailing events prior, during and after the genocide through the story of an intermarried Hutu-Tutsi family. 2005.
★ ''The Overwhelming''. Play by American writer J. T. Rogers set in Rwanda in early 1994. Royal National Theatre, London, in association with Out of Joint. World premiĂšre, May 2006. ''The Overwhelming'' at the NT.
★ Documentary 52' "Rwanda, how history can lead to genocide"
Sources used in the writing of the French language articles
[NB: Much of the content of the Rwandan Genocide series was originally written by French editors for the . Volunteers subsequently translated much of this content for the benefit of the English language version. The sources below were used in the writing of the French entries, though they include some English language resources.]
Genocides of the 20th century
★ Coquio, Catherine. ''L'Histoire trouĂ©e.'' Textes rĂ©unis. Paris: Ăditions L'Atalante. Jan. 2004.
★ Ternon, Yves. ''L'Ătat criminel : les gĂ©nocides au XXe siĂšcle''. Paris: Seuil, 1995. ISBN 2-02-017284-4
★ ---. ''Lâinnocence des victimes. Regard sur les gĂ©nocides du XXe siĂšcle''. Paris: DesclĂ©e de Brouwer, 2001.
Literature and essays about genocides
★ Agostini, Nicolas. ''La PensĂ©e politique des gĂ©nocidaires hutus'', Paris, L'Harmattan, 2006.
★ Bouchet-Saulnier, Françoise, and FrĂ©dĂ©ric Laffont. ''Maudits soient les yeux fermĂ©s'', Paris, JC.LattĂšs/ARTE, 1995.
★ Coquio, Catherine. ''Rwanda : le rĂ©el et les rĂ©cits''. Paris: Ăditions Belin, 2004.
★ Courtemanche, Gil. ''Un dimanche Ă la piscine Ă Kigali''. Paris: BorĂ©al, 2000. 284 p.
★ Davetian, Benet. ''The Seventh Circle''. Vancouver: Ronsdale Press, 1996. ISBN 0-921870-38-8
★ Destexhe, Alain. ''Rwanda : essai sur le gĂ©nocide''. Brussels: Ăditions Complexe, 1994.
★ Diop, Boubacar Boris. ''Murambi, le livre des ossements''. Paris: Stock, 2000.
★ Nocky, Djedanoum. ''Nyamirambo''. Paris: Le Figuier-Fest'Africa, 2000. 51 p.
★ Gorevitch, Philip. ''Nous avons le plaisir de vous informer que, demain, nous serons tuĂ©s avec nos familles. Chroniques rwandaises''. Paris: DenoĂ«l, 1999. 398 p. (''We Wish to Inform You That Tomorrow We Will Be Killed with Our Families''.)
★ Hatzfeld, Jean. ''Dans le nu de la vie. RĂ©cits des marais rwandais'', Seuil, 2002, 235 p.
★ ---. ''Une saison de machettes''. Paris: Seuil, 2003. 312 p.
★ Hilbold, Albert. ''Puissiez-vous dormir avec des puces. Journal de lâaprĂšs-gĂ©nocide au Rwanda''. Paris: HomnisphĂšres, 2003. 93 p.
★ Hilsum, Lindsey. "RwandaâRefugees and Genocidaires." ''Crimes of War: What the Public Should Know''. Online posting. 1999-2006.
★ Ilboudo, Monique. ''Murekatete''. Paris: Lefiguier-FestâAfrica, 2000. 75 p.
★ Ilibagiza, Immaculee, and Steve Erwin. ''Left to Tell: Discovering God Amidst the Rwandan Holocaust''. Hay House, 2006. ISBN 1-4019-0896-9.
★ Kayitesi, Annick. ''Nous existons encore''. Paris: Michel Lafon, Oct. 2004. 260 p
★ Lamko, Koulsy. ''La PhalĂšne des collines''. Butare: Kuljaama, 2000. 157 p.
★ Mas, Monique. "Rwanda: Paroles de «gĂ©nocidaires»." ''«Cela a Ă©tĂ© et je lâai fait»''. Online posting. RFI: ActualitĂ©. 7 Apr. 2004. 23 June 2006.
★ Monenenbo, Tiernon. ''LâAĂźnĂ© des orphelins''. Paris, Seuil, 2000. 157 p.
★ Mukagasana, Yolande, and Patrick May. ''La mort ne veut pas de moi''. Document. Paris: Fixot, 1997. 267 p.
★ ---. ''N'aie pas peur de savoir. Rwanda : un million de morts. Une rescapĂ©e raconte''. Paris: Robert Laffont, 1999.
★ Mukagasana, Yolande, and Alain Kazinierakis. ''Les blessures du silence. TĂ©moignages du gĂ©nocide au Rwanda''. Arles/Paris: Actes Sud/MĂ©decins sans frontiĂšres, 2001.
★ Rurangwa, Jean-Marie Vianney. ''Le gĂ©nocide des Tutsi expliquĂ© Ă un Ă©tranger''. Paris: Le Figuier-FestâAfrica, 2000. 85 p.
★ Sehene, Benjamin. ''. Paris, , 1999. ISBN 2-910019-54-3.
★ ---. ''. Un prĂȘtre au Coeur du gĂ©nocide rwandais''. Paris, Ăditions L'Esprit Frappeur, 2005. 148 p. ISBN 2-84405-222-3.
★ Stassen, Jean-Philippe. ''DĂ©ogratias'' (BD). Paris: Aire libre, 2000, 80 p.
★ ---. ''Pawa'' (BD).
★ Tadjo, VĂ©ronique. ''LâOmbre dâImana. Voyage jusquâau bout du Rwanda''. Paris: Actes Sud, 2000.
★ Umutesi, Marie BĂ©atrice. ''Surviving the Slaughter: The Ordeal of a Rwandan Refugee in Zaire''. Trans. Julia Emerson. Women in Africa and the Diaspora ser. Madison: U of Wisconsin P, 2004. ISBN 0-299-20490-1 (Cloth); ISBN 0-299-20494-4 (Paper).
★ Waberi, Abdourahman Ali. ''Terminus. Textes pour le Rwanda, Moisson de crĂąnes''. Paris: Le serpent Ă plumes, 2000.
History of Rwanda, ethnicity, and genocide
★ "Kigali, Imana." In ''The Seventh Circle'', by Benet Davetian. Vancouver: Ronsale Press, 1996.
★ "African Rights." In ''Rwanda : death, despair and defiance''. London, African Rights, 1994.
★ ---. In ''Rwanda : who is killing, who is dying, what is to be done?'' London, African Rights, 1994.
★ Braeckman, Colette. ''Rwanda, histoire d'un gĂ©nocide''. Paris: Fayard, 1994.
★ ---. ''Terreur africaine. Burundi, Rwanda, ZaĂŻre, les racines de la violence''. Paris, Fayard, 1996.
★ Buckley-Zistel, Susanne: Dividing and Uniting. The Use of âCitizenshipâ Discourses in Conflict and Reconciliation in Rwanda. Global Society, Vol. 20, No. 1, 2006, pp. 101-113.
★ ---. Remembering to Forget. Chosen Amnesia as a Strategy for Local Coexistence in Post-Genocide Rwanda. Africa - Journal of the International African Institute, Vol. 76, No.2, 2006.
★ ChrĂ©tien, Jean-Pierre. ''Le dĂ©fi de l'ethnisme : Rwanda et Burundi (1990-1996)''. Paris: Karthala, 1997.
★ ---. ''L'Afrique des Grands Lacs : Deux mille ans d'histoire''. Paris: Aubier, 2000. 411 p.
★ Cladho-Kanyarwanda. ''Commission dâenquĂȘte: Rapport de lâenquĂȘte sur les violations massives des Droits de lâHomme commises au Rwanda Ă partir du 6 avril 1994''. PremiĂšre phase. Kigali, 10 dĂ©cembre 1994. 39 p.
★ Des Forges, Alisonn. ''Aucun tĂ©moin ne doit survivre. Le gĂ©nocide au Rwanda''. Human Rights Watch/FIDH. Karthala, 1999.
★ Franche, Dominique. ''Rwanda. GĂ©nĂ©alogie dâun gĂ©nocide''. Paris: Les petits libres, 1997. 95 p.
★ Guichaoua, AndrĂ© (dir.). ''Les crises politiques au Burundi et au Rwanda (1993-1994)''. Lille: USTL, Karthala, 1995, 790 p.
★ «Les politiques de la haine : Rwanda, Burundi, 1994-1995». NumĂ©ro SpĂ©cial of ''Les Temps Modernes'' (Paris) 583 (1995).
★ M'Bokolo, Elikia, and Jean-Loup AMLSELLE. ''Au cĆur de lâethnie. Ethnie, tribalisme et Ătat en Afrique''. Paris: La DĂ©couverte, 1999.
★ Prunier, GĂ©rard. ''The Rwanda Crisis, History of a Genocide''. London: C. Hurst and Co.
★ Sehene, Benjamin. ''Rwanda's Collective Amnesia''. Published in the ''Unesco Courrier'', 1999.
★ Verdier, Raymond, Emmanuel Decaux, and Jean-Pierre CHRĂTIEN. ''Rwanda. Un gĂ©nocide du XXe''. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1995. 262 p.
★ Willame, Jean-Claude. ''Aux sources de lâhĂ©catombe rwandaise''. Paris: LâHarmattan, 1995. 174 p.
Genocide and the media
★ ChrĂ©tien, Jean-Pierre (dir.), Jean-François Dupaquier, Marcel Kabanda, and Joseph Ngarambe. ''Rwanda : Les mĂ©dias du gĂ©nocide''. Paris: Karthala, 1995.
★ Crepeau, Pierre. ''Rwanda, le kidnapping mĂ©diatique''. Nantes: Vents d'Ouest, 1995.
★ Gouteux, Jean-Paul. ''Le Monde: ''un contre-pouvoir? DĂ©sinformation et manipulation sur le gĂ©nocide rwandais''. Paris: Lâesprit frappeur, 1999. 202 p.
★ Mas, Monique. ''Paris Kigali 1990-1994, Lunettes noires, politique du sabre et onction humanitaire. Pour un gĂ©nocide en Afrique''. Paris, LâHarmattan, 1999. 527 p.
★ Philpot, Robin. 2003. ''Ăa ne s'est pas passĂ© comme ça Ă Kigali''. MontrĂ©al: Les Intouchables (Hors-collection). ISBN 2-89549-097-X.
The implication of France
★ Agir Ici and SURVIE. "Rwanda. Depuis le 7 avril 1994, la France choisit le camp du gĂ©nocide" (Dec. 1994).
★ Agir Ici and Survie. ''L'Afrique Ă Biarritz. Mise en examen de la politique française. Rencontres de Biarritz 8 et 9 novembre 1994''. Paris: Karthala, 1995.
★ Agir Ici and Survie. ''Rwanda: la France choisit le camp du gĂ©nocide''. Dossiers Noirs de la politique africaine de la France. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1996. Vols. 1-5.
★ Ambrosetti, David. ''La France au Rwanda. Un discours de justification morale''. Paris: Karthala, 2001.
★ AssemblĂ©e Nationale. ''EnquĂȘte sur la tragĂ©die rwandaise (1990-1994)''. Rapport de la Mission dâinformation (Paris). Rapport No. 1271 (Dec. 1998). 4 vols.
★ Ba, Mehdi. ''Rwanda, un gĂ©nocide français''. Paris: Lâesprit frappeur, 1997. 111 p.
★ Braeckman, Colette, and Human Rights Watch. "Qui a armĂ© le Rwanda? Chronique dâune tragĂ©die annoncĂ©e." ''Les dossiers du GRIP (Institut europĂ©en de recherche et dâinformation sur la paix et la sĂ©curitĂ©, Brussels)''. No. 188 (Apr. 1994). 78 p.
★ Coret, Laure, and François-Xavier Verschave. ''L'horreur qui nous prend au visage''. Commission d'Enquete Citoyenne. Paris: Karthala, 2005. 586 p.
★ Gouteux, Jean-Paul. ''Un gĂ©nocide sans importance: la Françafrique au Rwanda''. Lyon: Tahin Party, 2001.
★ ---. ''Un gĂ©nocide secret d'Ătat: La France et le Rwanda, 1990-1997. Paris: Ăditions sociales, 1998.
★ ---. "La nuit rwandaise: Lâimplication française dans le dernier gĂ©nocide du siĂšcle." Paris: Lâesprit frappeur, 2002. 637 p.
★ Kayimahe, Venuste. ''France-Rwanda : les coulisses du gĂ©nocide. TĂ©moignage dâun rescapĂ©.'' Paris: Dagorno-Lâesprit frappeur, 2002. 359 p.
★ De la Pradelle, GĂ©raud. "Imprescriptible, l'implication française dans le gĂ©nocide tutsi portĂ©e devant les tribunaux." ''Les arĂšnes'' (15 Feb. 2005). 187 p.
★ De Saint-Exupery, Patrick. "L'inavouable la France au Rwanda." ''Les arĂšnes'' (2004). 287 p.
★ "Validation des plaintes visant l'armĂ©e française au Rwanda." Reuters press release. Online posting. ''LibĂ©ration France'' 29 May 2006.
★ Verschave, François-Xavier. ''ComplicitĂ© de gĂ©nocide? La politique de la France au Rwanda''. Paris: La DĂ©couverte, 1994. 175 p.
The role of the international community and the United Nations
★ Barnett, Michael. ''Eyewitness to a genocide: The United Nations and Rwanda''. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002.
★ Castonguay, Jacques. ''Les casques bleus au Rwanda''. Paris, L'Harmattan, 1998.
★ Chodussovsky, M., and Moser, F. "Rwanda : Comment le Nord a financĂ© le gĂ©nocide." ''TĂ©lĂ© Moustique'' 9, No. 3708 (19 fĂ©vrier 1997).
★ Dallaire, RomĂ©o. ''Jâai serrĂ© la main du diable: La faillite de lâhumanitĂ© au Rwanda''. Paris: Libre expression, 2003. 685 p.
★ Destexhe, Alain. ''Qui a tuĂ© nos paras au Rwanda?'' Brussels: Luc Pire, 1995.
★ Melvern, Linda R. ''A people betrayed. The role of the West in the Rwandaâs genocide''. London: Zed Books, 2000.
★ Ngijol, Gilbert. ''Autopsie des gĂ©nocides rwandais, burundais et l'ONU: La problĂ©matique de la stabilitĂ© dans les pays de la rĂ©gion des Grands Lacs''. Paris: PrĂ©sence africaine, 1998.
★ Richard, Pierre-Olivier. ''Casques bleus, sang noir. Rwanda 1994 - ZaĂŻre 1996: un gĂ©nocide en spectacle''. Brussels: EPO, 1997.
★ Uvin, Peter. ''Lâaide complice ? CoopĂ©ration internationale et violence au Rwanda''. Paris: LâHarmattan, 1999.
★ Waters, Tony. ''Bureaucratizing the Good Samaritan''. Boulder: Westview. 2001.
★ Willame, Jean-Claude. ''L'ONU au Rwanda (1993-1995): La communautĂ© internationale Ă l'Ă©preuve''. Paris, Maisonneuve et Larose, 1996.
★ Willame, Jean-Claude. ''Les Belges au Rwanda: Le parcours de la honte''. ''Les Dossiers du GRIP''. Special issue. Brussels: Complexe, 1997.
The role of the church
★ Bizimana, Jean DamascĂšne. ''LâEglise et le gĂ©nocide au Rwanda: Les PĂšres Blancs et le NĂ©gationnisme. Paris: LâHarmattan, 2001.
★ Linden, Jan, and Jane Linden. ''Church and revolution in Rwanda''. Manchester, Eng.: Manchester University Press, 1977.
★ Linden, Jan, and Jane Linden. ''Christianisme et pouvoirs au Rwanda, 1900-1990''. Paris: Karthala, 1999.
★ MacCallum, Hugh. ''Dieu Ă©tait-il au Rwanda? La faillite des Ăglises''. Paris: LâHarmattan, 1996.
★ Saur, LĂ©on. ''"L'Internationale dĂ©mocrate-chrĂ©tienne au Rwanda": Influences parallĂšles''. Brussels, Luc Pire, 1998.
★ Terras, Christian (Dir.), and Mehdi Ba. ''Rwanda, l'honneur perdu de l'Ăglise''. Les Dossiers de Golias. Villeurbanne: Golias, 1999. 260 p.
Justice after the genocide
★ Buckley-Zistel, Susanne: âThe Truth Healsâ? Gacaca Jurisdictions and the Consolidation of Peace in Rwanda. Die Friedens Warte Vol. 80, No. 1-2, 2006, pp. 113-130.
★ David, Ăric, Pierre Klein, and Anne-Marie La Rosa, eds. ''Tribunal pĂ©nal international pour le Rwanda/International criminal tribunal for Rwanda''. Brussels: Bruylant, 2000.
★ De Brouwer, Anne-Marie, ''Supranational Criminal Prosecution of Sexual Violence: The ICC and the Practice of the ICTY and the ICTR'', Antwerp - Oxford: Intersentia (2005). ISBN 90-5095-533-9
★ Destexhe, Alain and Michel Foret. ''Justice internationale: De Nuremberg Ă la Haye et Arusha''. Brussels: Bruylant, 1997. 144 p.
★ Dupaquier, Jean-François (Dir.), and Association Memorial International. ''La justice internationale face au drame rwandais''. Paris: Karthala, 1996. 227 p.
★ Gillet, Ăric. "Le gĂ©nocide devant la justice." ''Les Temps modernes'' No. 583 (July 1995).
★ Jones, John R.W.D. ''The Practice of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda''. 2nd ed. Ardsley, NY: Transnational Publishers, 2000.
★ Magnarella, Paul J. ''Justice in Africa: Rwandaâs Genocide, Its Courts, and the UN Criminal Tribunal''. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2000.
★ Megret, FrĂ©dĂ©ric. ''Le Tribunal pĂ©nal international pour le Rwanda''. Paris: PĂ©done, 2002.
★ Morris, Virginia, and Michael P. SCHARF, eds. ''An Insiderâs Guide to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda''. Irvington-on-Hudson, NY: Transnational Publishers, 1998.
★ Ronayne, Peter. ''Never Again ? The United States and the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide Since the Holocaust''. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, 2001.
★ Sunga, Lyal S. "The Commission of Experts on Rwanda and Creation of the ICTR." ''Human Rights Law Journal'' 16 (1995): 121-124.
★ ---. "The First Indictments of the ICTR." ''Human Rights Law Jour.'' 18 (1997): 329-40.
The traumatic after-effects linked to the genocide
★ Godard, Marie-Odile. ''RĂȘves et traumatismes ou la longue nuit des rescapĂ©s''. Paris: ErĂšs, 2003. 238 p.
★ Waintrater, RĂ©gine. ''Sortir du gĂ©nocide, tĂ©moigner pour rĂ©apprendre Ă vivre''. Paris: Payot, 2003.
Genocide and humanitarian action
★ Brauman, Rony. ''Devant le mal - Rwanda - un gĂ©nocide en direct''. Paris: ArlĂ©a, 1994.
★ Bradol, Jean-HervĂ©. "Rwanda, avril-mai 1994, limites et ambiguĂŻtĂ©s de l'action humanitaire." ''Les Temps modernes'' No. 583 (July 1995).
★ Debre, Bernard. ''L'illusion humanitaire''. Paris: Plon, 1997.
★ Faure, Annie. ''Blessures dâhumanitaire''. Paris, Balland, 1995, 141 p.
★ Halloran, Patrick. ''Humanitarian Intervention and the Genocide in Rwanda.'' Special issue of ''Conflict Studies''. London: Research Institute for the Study of Conflicts and Terrorism, 1995.
★ Kuperman, Alan. ''The Limits of Humanitarian Intervention: Genocide in Rwanda''. New York, Brookings Institution Press, 2001.
★ Lefort, François. ''On ne piĂ©tine pas les Ă©toiles: Chronique d'une mission humanitaire''. Paris: Fayard, 1999.
★ Moore, Jonathan (Dir.). ''Hard Choices: Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Intervention''. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 1998.
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