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EspañolBROWN'S TAXONOMIC ARRANGEMENT OF BANKSIA
'Robert Brown's taxonomic arrangement of ''Banksia''' was published in his 1810 ''Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen'', and expanded in this 1830 supplement to that publication, ''Supplementum Primum Prodromi Florae Novae Hollandiae''. It was the first survey of ''Banksia'' species to be published, and included descriptions of a number of previously undescribed species.[1][2]
''Banksia'' is a genus of around 80 species in the plant family Proteaceae. An iconic Australian wildflower and popular garden plant, they are recognised by their flower spikes or domes, and their fruiting "cones". They grow in forms varying from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up to 35 metres tall, and occur in all but the most arid areas of Australia. As heavy producers of nectar, they are important sources of food for nectariferous animals such as honeyeaters and honey possum, and they are of economic importance to the nursery and cut flower industries. However they are seriously threatened by a number of processes including land clearing, frequent burning, and disease, and a number of species are rare and endangered.
Specimens of ''Banksia'' were first collected by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr Daniel Solander, naturalists on HM Bark ''Endeavour'' during Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook's 1770 voyage to the Pacific Ocean. By the time of Brown's 1810 arrangement, less than 20 ''Banksia'' species had been published. However, Brown had himself collected specimens of 13 unpublished species in 1801 and 1802; thus he was able to publish an arrangement of 31 species.
Brown released a second edition of his ''Prodromus'' in 1821, but no new species of ''Banksia'' had been collected since that time, so the arrangement was the same as in the first edition. Between 1823 and 1829, a number of new species were collected, most of which were not published. In 1830, Brown issued his ''Supplementum'', describing eleven additional ''Banksia'' species, nine of which were previously unpublished.
Brown divided ''Banksia'' into two subgenera. He placed ''B. ilicifolia'' alone in subgenus ''Isostylis'' because of its unusual dome-shaped inflorescences. All other species were placed in subgenus ''Banksia verae'', the "true banksias", because they have the elongate flower spike then considered characteristic of ''Banksia''.
Brown's taxonomic arrangement of ''Banksia'' may be summarised as follows:
:Genus ''Banksia''
::Subgenus ''Banksia verae''
:::''B. pulchella''
:::''B. sphærocarpa''
:::''B. nutans''
:::''B. ericifolia''
:::''B. spinulosa''
:::''B. Cunninghamii'' (now ''B. spinulosa'' var. ''cunninghamii'')[3]
:::''B. collina'' (now ''B. spinulosa'' var. ''collina'')
:::''B. occidentalis''
:::''B. littoralis''
:::''B. marginata''
:::''B. depressa'' (now ''B. marginata'')
:::''B. patula'' (now ''B. marginata'')
:::''B. australis'' (now ''B. marginata'')
:::''B. insularis'' (now ''B. marginata'')
:::''B. integrifolia''
:::''B. compar'' (now ''B. integrifolia'' subsp. ''compar'')
:::''B. verticillata''
:::''B. coccinea''
:::''B. paludosa''
:::''B. oblongifolia''
:::''B. latifolia'' (now ''B. robur'')
:::''B. marcescens'' (now ''B. praemorsa'')
:::''B. media''
:::''B. attenuata''
:::''B. Caleyi''
:::''B. Baueri''
:::''B. Menziesii''
:::''B. elatior'' (now ''B. aemula'')
:::''B. serrata''
:::''B. æmula''
:::''B. dentata''
:::''B. quercifolia''
:::''B. speciosa''
:::''B. Solandri''
:::''B. grandis''
:::''B. Baxteri''
:::''B. Goodii''
:::''B. prostrata'' (now ''B. gardneri'')
:::''B. repens''
:::''B. Dryandroides''
:::''B. Brownii''
::Subgenus ''Isostylis''
:::''B. ilicifolia''
Brown's ''Banksia verae'' was renamed ''Eubanksia'' by Stephan Endlicher in 1847. The arrangement was eventually superseded by Carl Meissner's 1856 revision. Meissner retained ''Eubanksia'' and ''Isostylis'', but demoted them to sectional rank. They have since been promoted to subgenus rank again by Alex George; ''Eubanksia'' is now known as ''B.'' subg. ''Banksia''.[4]
1. Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen, Brown, Robert, , , Taylor, 1810,
2. Supplementum Primum Prodromi Florae Novae Hollandiae, Brown, Robert, , , Taylor, 1830,
3. These species appeared in Brown's 1830 supplement to the ''Prodromus''
4.
| Contents |
| Background |
| Brown's arrangement |
| Legacy |
| References |
Background
''Banksia'' is a genus of around 80 species in the plant family Proteaceae. An iconic Australian wildflower and popular garden plant, they are recognised by their flower spikes or domes, and their fruiting "cones". They grow in forms varying from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up to 35 metres tall, and occur in all but the most arid areas of Australia. As heavy producers of nectar, they are important sources of food for nectariferous animals such as honeyeaters and honey possum, and they are of economic importance to the nursery and cut flower industries. However they are seriously threatened by a number of processes including land clearing, frequent burning, and disease, and a number of species are rare and endangered.
Specimens of ''Banksia'' were first collected by Sir Joseph Banks and Dr Daniel Solander, naturalists on HM Bark ''Endeavour'' during Lieutenant (later Captain) James Cook's 1770 voyage to the Pacific Ocean. By the time of Brown's 1810 arrangement, less than 20 ''Banksia'' species had been published. However, Brown had himself collected specimens of 13 unpublished species in 1801 and 1802; thus he was able to publish an arrangement of 31 species.
Brown released a second edition of his ''Prodromus'' in 1821, but no new species of ''Banksia'' had been collected since that time, so the arrangement was the same as in the first edition. Between 1823 and 1829, a number of new species were collected, most of which were not published. In 1830, Brown issued his ''Supplementum'', describing eleven additional ''Banksia'' species, nine of which were previously unpublished.
Brown's arrangement
Brown divided ''Banksia'' into two subgenera. He placed ''B. ilicifolia'' alone in subgenus ''Isostylis'' because of its unusual dome-shaped inflorescences. All other species were placed in subgenus ''Banksia verae'', the "true banksias", because they have the elongate flower spike then considered characteristic of ''Banksia''.
Brown's taxonomic arrangement of ''Banksia'' may be summarised as follows:
:Genus ''Banksia''
::Subgenus ''Banksia verae''
:::''B. pulchella''
:::''B. sphærocarpa''
:::''B. nutans''
:::''B. ericifolia''
:::''B. spinulosa''
:::''B. Cunninghamii'' (now ''B. spinulosa'' var. ''cunninghamii'')[3]
:::''B. collina'' (now ''B. spinulosa'' var. ''collina'')
:::''B. occidentalis''
:::''B. littoralis''
:::''B. marginata''
:::''B. depressa'' (now ''B. marginata'')
:::''B. patula'' (now ''B. marginata'')
:::''B. australis'' (now ''B. marginata'')
:::''B. insularis'' (now ''B. marginata'')
:::''B. integrifolia''
:::''B. compar'' (now ''B. integrifolia'' subsp. ''compar'')
:::''B. verticillata''
:::''B. coccinea''
:::''B. paludosa''
:::''B. oblongifolia''
:::''B. latifolia'' (now ''B. robur'')
:::''B. marcescens'' (now ''B. praemorsa'')
:::''B. media''
:::''B. attenuata''
:::''B. Caleyi''
:::''B. Baueri''
:::''B. Menziesii''
:::''B. elatior'' (now ''B. aemula'')
:::''B. serrata''
:::''B. æmula''
:::''B. dentata''
:::''B. quercifolia''
:::''B. speciosa''
:::''B. Solandri''
:::''B. grandis''
:::''B. Baxteri''
:::''B. Goodii''
:::''B. prostrata'' (now ''B. gardneri'')
:::''B. repens''
:::''B. Dryandroides''
:::''B. Brownii''
::Subgenus ''Isostylis''
:::''B. ilicifolia''
Legacy
Brown's ''Banksia verae'' was renamed ''Eubanksia'' by Stephan Endlicher in 1847. The arrangement was eventually superseded by Carl Meissner's 1856 revision. Meissner retained ''Eubanksia'' and ''Isostylis'', but demoted them to sectional rank. They have since been promoted to subgenus rank again by Alex George; ''Eubanksia'' is now known as ''B.'' subg. ''Banksia''.[4]
References
1. Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen, Brown, Robert, , , Taylor, 1810,
2. Supplementum Primum Prodromi Florae Novae Hollandiae, Brown, Robert, , , Taylor, 1830,
3. These species appeared in Brown's 1830 supplement to the ''Prodromus''
4.
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