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EspañolPENN & TELLER: BULLSHIT!
(Redirected from Bullshit!)
'''Penn & Teller: Bullshit!''' (sometimes rendered '''Penn & Teller: Bulls
★
★
★ !''') is an Emmy-nominated American documentary television series that has been on the air since 2003 on the premium cable channel Showtime. It is hosted by professional magicians/comedians Penn & Teller. Many episodes aim to debunk what the hosts see as pseudoscientific ideas, supernatural beliefs, popular fads and misconceptions, often from a libertarian point of view, the political philosophy espoused by both Penn and Teller. The show criticizes proponents of what they perceive as nonsense and dishonesty—bullshit—often citing ulterior political or financial motives. The stated aim of the show is to apply critical thinking to misconceptions, and as is indicated by the show's title, the program adheres to Penn & Teller's characteristically blunt, aggressive presentation.
Supernatural subjects of episodes include alien abduction, alternative medicine, and ESP; other episodes cover social issues such as the War on Drugs, animal rights, gun control, and environmentalism. Penn & Teller approach the topics in the manner of Harry Houdini and James Randi (who has appeared more than once on the show), who are known for debunking claims of supernatural powers.[1]
The on-going show has aired its fifth season in the United States.[2] The series has achieved worldwide success, being shown in countries such as Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Mexico, New Zealand, Sweden, Colombia, Finland and the United Kingdom.
In each episode, Penn and Teller debunk a chosen misconception such as cryptozoology or debate a controversial topic like gun control. Sometimes, their objective is not to completely devalue the topic at hand, but to devalue certain characteristics of these topics that they believe to be pernicious, misleading, unnecessary, or overemphasized. For example, in the case of college they argue that while college is a great place "if you love to learn, or if you need training for a certain career," they feel that using "student diversity" as promotion is "bullshit." Similarly, they state: "so the casual asshole, or just plain dickhead, might do well in an anger management program" but using "venting" as a technique in anger management is "bullshit" since venting ''increases'' aggressiveness in a person by "twice as much" over time, especially regarding domestic violence.
Proponents of the topic make their case in interviews; however, they often end up appearing fallacious or self-contradicting. For example, in "Safety Hysteria", a manufacturer of "radiation guards" for mobile phones admits that there is no proven link between mobile phone radiation and brain cancer, but assures viewers that "you can't be ''too'' safe" (mobile phones use conventional radio waves for communication, which are non-ionizing radiation). When he states his background is in advertising, not medical science it is implied that he knows his product is useless, but exploits people's fears to turn a profit.[3]A second consecutive interview with another proponent is often started with the phrase: "And then there's ''this'' asshole..."
Penn Jillette has stated that those being interviewed know which show the interview is for. One episode shows a video crew from the show going into a building to perform an interview, and Jillette points out that a member of the crew is wearing a ''Penn & Teller: Bullshit!'' baseball cap.[4] Opponents are then interviewed and they offer rebuttals to the proponents' arguments. These are usually experts, celebrities, or sometimes speakers from the Center for Inquiry, James Randi Educational Foundation, and the Cato Institute.[4]
Penn and Teller often conduct informal experiments, which are admittedly unscientific at times. For example, in the episode "Bottled Water", diners in an upscale restaurant are presented with a variety of apparently fancy bottled water brands. After the diners praise and pick a favorite, it is revealed that each bottle was filled by the same garden hose behind the restaurant.[6]In one of their more serious experiments during the "Conspiracy Theories" episode, Teller fires a rifle at a melon wrapped in one-inch fiberglass tape to demonstrate that when a human head is shot, it is likely to be forced in the direction opposite to the bullet's trajectory. This demonstration was aimed at discrediting a John F. Kennedy conspiracy theory that points out that the fatal gunshot rocked JFK toward the shot through the use of simple principles of physics(i.e. "back and to the left." The fallacious belief that a shot from behind would cause a head to jerk forward is used as evidence that JFK must have been shot from the grassy knoll, in front of the vehicle). Penn and Teller look over the scene of the aftermath of the experiment to which Penn comments, "Second gunman my aching ass..."[7] Penn and Teller often have skits and stunts performed with them on-set or use stock footage, to combine reasonable arguments with straightforward, entertaining ridicule. For example, the "Sex, Sex, Sex" episode may be satirizing the media's obsession with sex appeal by having the hosts constantly surrounded by naked actors and actresses.[8]Penn and Teller often close episodes with an impassioned ethical plea against the subject matter they are debunking, explaining how this particular belief is harmful and should be resisted. The presenters distinguish between believers (often explaining that Penn and Teller themselves would like to believe these things are true, and showing compassion to the people who do think the things are true) and those they see as charlatans out for money or for a political agenda, at whom their anger is directed. For example, in their premiere episode, they debunk the idea that psychics can talk to the dead. While expressing the utmost sympathy towards people who are desperate for any chance to speak to a loved one who has passed away, they explain that charlatans take advantage of this love to get money from people, and deliver false messages that have nothing to do with the genuine character of the departed.
Since their act is not normally associated with a frequent use of profanity, Jillette explains their choice of using the term "bullshit" in the opening episode: if they referred to people as ''frauds'' or ''liars'', they could be sued for slander, even in the face of overwhelming evidence of chicanery, but as "vulgar abuse" is not legally considered slanderous, referring to them as ''assholes'' or ''motherfuckers'' ostensibly expresses an opinion rather than a statement of fact and is legally safer for them.[9]
Due to the show's title being considered an obscenity, the series is often listed in newspaper television listings under the alternate title ''B.S.'' Some printings of the show's DVD releases also carry this alternate title. Dish Network lists the show as ''Penn & Teller: Bulls
★
★
★ !''
In the "Profanity" episode, Penn tells the viewers that the planned title for "Bullshit!" was "Humbug!" This, Penn goes on to say, relates their skepticism (and TV show) to Harry Houdini's reactions to the popular misconceptions of his day; but the idea was scrapped due to "humbug" not having as much of an impact as the more profane, more informal word, "bullshit." It is also discussed during the profanity episode that "humbug" was considered as profane at one time as "bullshit" today. During that same episode, Penn and Teller themselves did not use any profanity, even changing the name of the show to "Humbug!" for that episode. At one point, Penn suggests the use of the phrase "Jesus Christ!" by a non-Christian is not profanity, but as Teller apparently drops a bowling ball on his foot just as he mentions the phrase, his yelling of the expression makes its use ambiguous. (See .)
When discussing ''Bullshit!'' on his radio show, Penn would either break the word in half, usually with a clap and a slight pause, for example "Bulls
★ Clap
★ Hit", or change it to Bullshot. In an episode of the public radio program ''Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!'', Penn refers to the show as "Bushlit". When discussing the title with the Showtime producers, Penn stated, "You can't make a show about bullshit, and then wimp out on the title."
Main articles: List of Penn & Teller: Bullshit! episodes
Plans to make an episode focusing on Scientology were rejected by Showtime executives to avoid provoking legal action by the Church of Scientology. Matt Stone and Trey Parker, friends of Penn and Teller, were motivated by this incident to create their own long-planned, controversial ''South Park'' episode lampooning Scientology, "Trapped in the Closet".[10] Another planned episode on airport security has been rejected from every seasons' topic list: "It turns out, to shoot anything on airport security, you are violating federal law. You're not allowed to shoot anything there," said Penn Jillette.[11] He has done radio and print regarding airport security, but has been unsuccessful adapting it for television.
Many critics accuse Penn and Teller of being biased in their approach to debunking their opponent's arguments. For example, Chaz Miller, who was interviewed for the "Recycling" episode, said that ''Bullshit!'' attempts to exclude certain information if it does not favor the show's position.[12] Some of these claims do not go without rebuttal: the Recycling episode does mention information on beneficial recycling though, specifically that recycling aluminum cans and other metals is in fact beneficial.
However, during an episode dedicated to questioning the factual accuracy of the Bible, Penn Jillette said that ''Bullshit!''' s approach is support for viewpoints that they feel are honest and well educated.
In the episode "Family Values" Penn said, "... we're fair and we never take people out of context. We're biased as all fuck. But, we try to be honest."[13]
Still, some critics who sympathize with the duo's over-arching message have expressed regret that they can occasionally slip into the same sensationalism as their targets, including validating their points with pundits who possess dubious qualifications. This was summed up in a review by ''Slate'' which stated: "One of the unwritten rules for winning an argument against an inflammatory, irrational opponent is to calmly adhere to a loftier set of rhetorical standards. Penn and Teller showily throw this notion out the window."[14]
While Penn and Teller are self-professed skeptics, critics have been quick to note that ''Bullshit!'' is not dedicated to fact-based debunking or inquiry. An otherwise favorable review by ''The Onion A.V. Club'' noted:
During an interview on the January 31, 2007 episode of ''The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe'', Teller claimed that the final episode of the show would be about "the bullshit of Bullshit!" and would detail all the criticisms that they themselves had at the show.The Skeptics' Guide to The Universe Podcast Episode 80.
The Logical Science website posted a detailed criticism [16] of the episode, with regard to selective presentation of data, and general contravention of mainstream scientific conclusions.
More generally, the episode states that there is still scientific uncertainty over human responsibility for, severity, or even the very existence of sustained global climate change. While many individual scientists do contest such points, the overwhelming consensus of research in this area now supports human agency as a principal factor in future destructive global climate change.
[17]
The episode dismisses any claims that Hypnosis represents a truly altered states of consciousness or that it has any verifiable thereapeutic benefits. While claims made for hypnotic effects have often been grossly exaggerated, recent scientific research have clamed to definitively demonstrate the existence of a real hypnotic state with measurable effects on brain function and psychology that was not presented on the show.
[18]
Robert Todd Carroll, author of ''The Skeptic's Dictionary'', originally sided with the show's conclusion that there was no link between secondhand smoke and cancer. Yet Carroll switched sides after further investigation into the studies. Carroll concluded that the studies were biased, and consequently decided that secondhand smoke does have negative effects on people.[19]
At ''The Amaz!ng Meeting 3'' the duo was asked about the evidence for this episode being faulty. Penn Jillette, with Teller sitting at his side, said regarding this episode they were "very likely" wrong and the next season would add a notation. Penn went on to describe "a new study that came out of England, just recently, that seems to have more stuff about it" and "right now, as I sit here, there probably is danger in secondhand smoke." He went on to say that this was a small portion of the program, and their main point was their opposition to "outlawing" smoking in privately-owned businesses, which they still "stand behind 100%."[20]
It was not disclosed that the professor who argues against recycling and environmentalism, Daniel K. Benjamin, was a Ronald Reagan economic adviser[21], and much of his research was funded by the ExxonMobil corporation[22]. This background makes him a possibly biased source on environmental issues.
'Awards won'
★ ''Writers Guild of America'': Comedy/Variety (Including Talk) - Series (2004)
'Nominations'
★ ''Writers Guild of America'': Comedy/Variety (Including Talk) - Series (2005, 2006)
★ ''Directors Guild of America'': Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Reality Programs (2006)
★ Emmy Awards
★
★ Outstanding Picture Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single-Camera) (2006)
★
★ Outstanding Reality Program (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)
★
★ Outstanding Writing for Nonfiction Programming (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)
★
★ Outstanding Main Title Design (2003)
★
★ Outstanding Main Title Theme Music (2003)
1. "Now You See It"
2. "Showtime Picks Up Seasons Four and Five of Their Award-Winning Original Series ''PENN & TELLER: BULLSHIT!''" - press release, 24 January 2006
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Hayes kept South Park creators away from Scientology
11. Penn Jillette on Bullshit Season Five
12. "Bullshit!"
13.
14. "Masters of Disillusionment"
15.
"Penn & Teller: Bullshit!"
16. Logical Science's point by point analysis: http://www.logicalscience.com/skeptics/bullsheit.html
17. Scientific American February 02, 2007 Final Report: Humans Caused Global Warming http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=83D2B666-E7F2-99DF-32FD8CC329BC0535
18. Scientific American
July 17, 2001 The Truth and the Hype of Hypnosis http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0008D31F-BD5B-1C6F-84A9809EC588EF21
19. "Mea Culpa: secondhand smoke and the politics of science"
20. "Penn and Teller secondhand smoke correction"
21. "Daniel K. Benjamin Biography"
22. "Daniel K. Benjamin Funding"
★ Official Showtime website
★
★ TV.com episode guide
★ Episode Guide at epguides
★ Bullshit! It's No Bull - Perry DeAngelis' review of the show
★ Fridays with Mr. Media: The Star Price/Penn & Teller: Bullshit! Interview by Bob Andelman
'''Penn & Teller: Bullshit!''' (sometimes rendered '''Penn & Teller: Bulls
★
★
★ !''') is an Emmy-nominated American documentary television series that has been on the air since 2003 on the premium cable channel Showtime. It is hosted by professional magicians/comedians Penn & Teller. Many episodes aim to debunk what the hosts see as pseudoscientific ideas, supernatural beliefs, popular fads and misconceptions, often from a libertarian point of view, the political philosophy espoused by both Penn and Teller. The show criticizes proponents of what they perceive as nonsense and dishonesty—bullshit—often citing ulterior political or financial motives. The stated aim of the show is to apply critical thinking to misconceptions, and as is indicated by the show's title, the program adheres to Penn & Teller's characteristically blunt, aggressive presentation.
Supernatural subjects of episodes include alien abduction, alternative medicine, and ESP; other episodes cover social issues such as the War on Drugs, animal rights, gun control, and environmentalism. Penn & Teller approach the topics in the manner of Harry Houdini and James Randi (who has appeared more than once on the show), who are known for debunking claims of supernatural powers.[1]
The on-going show has aired its fifth season in the United States.[2] The series has achieved worldwide success, being shown in countries such as Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Mexico, New Zealand, Sweden, Colombia, Finland and the United Kingdom.
Show format
In each episode, Penn and Teller debunk a chosen misconception such as cryptozoology or debate a controversial topic like gun control. Sometimes, their objective is not to completely devalue the topic at hand, but to devalue certain characteristics of these topics that they believe to be pernicious, misleading, unnecessary, or overemphasized. For example, in the case of college they argue that while college is a great place "if you love to learn, or if you need training for a certain career," they feel that using "student diversity" as promotion is "bullshit." Similarly, they state: "so the casual asshole, or just plain dickhead, might do well in an anger management program" but using "venting" as a technique in anger management is "bullshit" since venting ''increases'' aggressiveness in a person by "twice as much" over time, especially regarding domestic violence.
Proponents of the topic make their case in interviews; however, they often end up appearing fallacious or self-contradicting. For example, in "Safety Hysteria", a manufacturer of "radiation guards" for mobile phones admits that there is no proven link between mobile phone radiation and brain cancer, but assures viewers that "you can't be ''too'' safe" (mobile phones use conventional radio waves for communication, which are non-ionizing radiation). When he states his background is in advertising, not medical science it is implied that he knows his product is useless, but exploits people's fears to turn a profit.[3]A second consecutive interview with another proponent is often started with the phrase: "And then there's ''this'' asshole..."
Penn Jillette has stated that those being interviewed know which show the interview is for. One episode shows a video crew from the show going into a building to perform an interview, and Jillette points out that a member of the crew is wearing a ''Penn & Teller: Bullshit!'' baseball cap.[4] Opponents are then interviewed and they offer rebuttals to the proponents' arguments. These are usually experts, celebrities, or sometimes speakers from the Center for Inquiry, James Randi Educational Foundation, and the Cato Institute.[4]
Penn and Teller often conduct informal experiments, which are admittedly unscientific at times. For example, in the episode "Bottled Water", diners in an upscale restaurant are presented with a variety of apparently fancy bottled water brands. After the diners praise and pick a favorite, it is revealed that each bottle was filled by the same garden hose behind the restaurant.[6]In one of their more serious experiments during the "Conspiracy Theories" episode, Teller fires a rifle at a melon wrapped in one-inch fiberglass tape to demonstrate that when a human head is shot, it is likely to be forced in the direction opposite to the bullet's trajectory. This demonstration was aimed at discrediting a John F. Kennedy conspiracy theory that points out that the fatal gunshot rocked JFK toward the shot through the use of simple principles of physics(i.e. "back and to the left." The fallacious belief that a shot from behind would cause a head to jerk forward is used as evidence that JFK must have been shot from the grassy knoll, in front of the vehicle). Penn and Teller look over the scene of the aftermath of the experiment to which Penn comments, "Second gunman my aching ass..."[7] Penn and Teller often have skits and stunts performed with them on-set or use stock footage, to combine reasonable arguments with straightforward, entertaining ridicule. For example, the "Sex, Sex, Sex" episode may be satirizing the media's obsession with sex appeal by having the hosts constantly surrounded by naked actors and actresses.[8]Penn and Teller often close episodes with an impassioned ethical plea against the subject matter they are debunking, explaining how this particular belief is harmful and should be resisted. The presenters distinguish between believers (often explaining that Penn and Teller themselves would like to believe these things are true, and showing compassion to the people who do think the things are true) and those they see as charlatans out for money or for a political agenda, at whom their anger is directed. For example, in their premiere episode, they debunk the idea that psychics can talk to the dead. While expressing the utmost sympathy towards people who are desperate for any chance to speak to a loved one who has passed away, they explain that charlatans take advantage of this love to get money from people, and deliver false messages that have nothing to do with the genuine character of the departed.
Since their act is not normally associated with a frequent use of profanity, Jillette explains their choice of using the term "bullshit" in the opening episode: if they referred to people as ''frauds'' or ''liars'', they could be sued for slander, even in the face of overwhelming evidence of chicanery, but as "vulgar abuse" is not legally considered slanderous, referring to them as ''assholes'' or ''motherfuckers'' ostensibly expresses an opinion rather than a statement of fact and is legally safer for them.[9]
Title
Due to the show's title being considered an obscenity, the series is often listed in newspaper television listings under the alternate title ''B.S.'' Some printings of the show's DVD releases also carry this alternate title. Dish Network lists the show as ''Penn & Teller: Bulls
★
★
★ !''
In the "Profanity" episode, Penn tells the viewers that the planned title for "Bullshit!" was "Humbug!" This, Penn goes on to say, relates their skepticism (and TV show) to Harry Houdini's reactions to the popular misconceptions of his day; but the idea was scrapped due to "humbug" not having as much of an impact as the more profane, more informal word, "bullshit." It is also discussed during the profanity episode that "humbug" was considered as profane at one time as "bullshit" today. During that same episode, Penn and Teller themselves did not use any profanity, even changing the name of the show to "Humbug!" for that episode. At one point, Penn suggests the use of the phrase "Jesus Christ!" by a non-Christian is not profanity, but as Teller apparently drops a bowling ball on his foot just as he mentions the phrase, his yelling of the expression makes its use ambiguous. (See .)
When discussing ''Bullshit!'' on his radio show, Penn would either break the word in half, usually with a clap and a slight pause, for example "Bulls
★ Clap
★ Hit", or change it to Bullshot. In an episode of the public radio program ''Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!'', Penn refers to the show as "Bushlit". When discussing the title with the Showtime producers, Penn stated, "You can't make a show about bullshit, and then wimp out on the title."
Episodes
Main articles: List of Penn & Teller: Bullshit! episodes
Proposed topics
Plans to make an episode focusing on Scientology were rejected by Showtime executives to avoid provoking legal action by the Church of Scientology. Matt Stone and Trey Parker, friends of Penn and Teller, were motivated by this incident to create their own long-planned, controversial ''South Park'' episode lampooning Scientology, "Trapped in the Closet".[10] Another planned episode on airport security has been rejected from every seasons' topic list: "It turns out, to shoot anything on airport security, you are violating federal law. You're not allowed to shoot anything there," said Penn Jillette.[11] He has done radio and print regarding airport security, but has been unsuccessful adapting it for television.
Criticism
General criticism
Allegations (and acknowledgement) of bias
Many critics accuse Penn and Teller of being biased in their approach to debunking their opponent's arguments. For example, Chaz Miller, who was interviewed for the "Recycling" episode, said that ''Bullshit!'' attempts to exclude certain information if it does not favor the show's position.[12] Some of these claims do not go without rebuttal: the Recycling episode does mention information on beneficial recycling though, specifically that recycling aluminum cans and other metals is in fact beneficial.
However, during an episode dedicated to questioning the factual accuracy of the Bible, Penn Jillette said that ''Bullshit!''
In the episode "Family Values" Penn said, "... we're fair and we never take people out of context. We're biased as all fuck. But, we try to be honest."[13]
Still, some critics who sympathize with the duo's over-arching message have expressed regret that they can occasionally slip into the same sensationalism as their targets, including validating their points with pundits who possess dubious qualifications. This was summed up in a review by ''Slate'' which stated: "One of the unwritten rules for winning an argument against an inflammatory, irrational opponent is to calmly adhere to a loftier set of rhetorical standards. Penn and Teller showily throw this notion out the window."[14]
While Penn and Teller are self-professed skeptics, critics have been quick to note that ''Bullshit!'' is not dedicated to fact-based debunking or inquiry. An otherwise favorable review by ''The Onion A.V. Club'' noted:
''Bullshit!'' isn't journalism, exactly. The show is one-sided by design: P&T's field interviewers rarely confront their subjects with the evidence against them, preferring to let the crackpots ramble on so that Jillette's voiceover rejoinders can score points without inciting a real argument.[15]
During an interview on the January 31, 2007 episode of ''The Skeptics' Guide to the Universe'', Teller claimed that the final episode of the show would be about "the bullshit of Bullshit!" and would detail all the criticisms that they themselves had at the show.The Skeptics' Guide to The Universe Podcast Episode 80.
Episode-specific criticism
Environmental Hysteria
The Logical Science website posted a detailed criticism [16] of the episode, with regard to selective presentation of data, and general contravention of mainstream scientific conclusions.
More generally, the episode states that there is still scientific uncertainty over human responsibility for, severity, or even the very existence of sustained global climate change. While many individual scientists do contest such points, the overwhelming consensus of research in this area now supports human agency as a principal factor in future destructive global climate change.
[17]
Hypnosis
The episode dismisses any claims that Hypnosis represents a truly altered states of consciousness or that it has any verifiable thereapeutic benefits. While claims made for hypnotic effects have often been grossly exaggerated, recent scientific research have clamed to definitively demonstrate the existence of a real hypnotic state with measurable effects on brain function and psychology that was not presented on the show.
[18]
Secondhand smoke
Robert Todd Carroll, author of ''The Skeptic's Dictionary'', originally sided with the show's conclusion that there was no link between secondhand smoke and cancer. Yet Carroll switched sides after further investigation into the studies. Carroll concluded that the studies were biased, and consequently decided that secondhand smoke does have negative effects on people.[19]
At ''The Amaz!ng Meeting 3'' the duo was asked about the evidence for this episode being faulty. Penn Jillette, with Teller sitting at his side, said regarding this episode they were "very likely" wrong and the next season would add a notation. Penn went on to describe "a new study that came out of England, just recently, that seems to have more stuff about it" and "right now, as I sit here, there probably is danger in secondhand smoke." He went on to say that this was a small portion of the program, and their main point was their opposition to "outlawing" smoking in privately-owned businesses, which they still "stand behind 100%."[20]
Recycling
It was not disclosed that the professor who argues against recycling and environmentalism, Daniel K. Benjamin, was a Ronald Reagan economic adviser[21], and much of his research was funded by the ExxonMobil corporation[22]. This background makes him a possibly biased source on environmental issues.
Awards and nominations
'Awards won'
★ ''Writers Guild of America'': Comedy/Variety (Including Talk) - Series (2004)
'Nominations'
★ ''Writers Guild of America'': Comedy/Variety (Including Talk) - Series (2005, 2006)
★ ''Directors Guild of America'': Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Reality Programs (2006)
★ Emmy Awards
★
★ Outstanding Picture Editing for Nonfiction Programming (Single-Camera) (2006)
★
★ Outstanding Reality Program (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)
★
★ Outstanding Writing for Nonfiction Programming (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007)
★
★ Outstanding Main Title Design (2003)
★
★ Outstanding Main Title Theme Music (2003)
References
1. "Now You See It"
2. "Showtime Picks Up Seasons Four and Five of Their Award-Winning Original Series ''PENN & TELLER: BULLSHIT!''" - press release, 24 January 2006
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Hayes kept South Park creators away from Scientology
11. Penn Jillette on Bullshit Season Five
12. "Bullshit!"
13.
14. "Masters of Disillusionment"
15.
"Penn & Teller: Bullshit!"
16. Logical Science's point by point analysis: http://www.logicalscience.com/skeptics/bullsheit.html
17. Scientific American February 02, 2007 Final Report: Humans Caused Global Warming http://www.sciam.com/print_version.cfm?articleID=83D2B666-E7F2-99DF-32FD8CC329BC0535
18. Scientific American
July 17, 2001 The Truth and the Hype of Hypnosis http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0008D31F-BD5B-1C6F-84A9809EC588EF21
19. "Mea Culpa: secondhand smoke and the politics of science"
20. "Penn and Teller secondhand smoke correction"
21. "Daniel K. Benjamin Biography"
22. "Daniel K. Benjamin Funding"
External links
★ Official Showtime website
★
★ TV.com episode guide
★ Episode Guide at epguides
★ Bullshit! It's No Bull - Perry DeAngelis' review of the show
★ Fridays with Mr. Media: The Star Price/Penn & Teller: Bullshit! Interview by Bob Andelman
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psst.. try this: add to faves
