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The migration of Byzantine-Greek scholars or Byzantine emigres from Byzantium during the decline of the Byzantine empire (1203-1453) and mainly after the fall of Constantinople in 1453 until the 16th century, is considered by modern scholars as crucial in the revival of Greek and Roman studies, arts and sciences, and subsequently in the formation of Renaissance humanism. These emigres were grammarians, humanists, poets, writers, printers, lecturers, musicians, astronomers, architects, academics, artists, scribes, philosophers, scientists, politicians and theologians. They became particularly famous for teaching the Greek language to their western counterparts in universities or privately. Many brought Ancient Greek texts with them which were copied, later printed, and disseminated across Europe.
By 1500 there was a Greek community of about 5,000 in Venice alone, the largest in Europe, apart from the pockets of Southern Italy which were still Greek-speaking. The Venetians also ruled Crete and Dalmatia, where many refugees also settled. Crete was especially notable for the Cretan School of icon-painting, which after 1453 became the most important in the Greek world. ^[1]

Contents

List of renowned Byzantine scholars

Printers & artists

See also

References

Sources

External links

List of renowned Byzantine scholars

★ Manuel Chrysoloras -Florence, Pavia, Rome, Venice, Milan

★ George Gemistos Plethon -Teacher of Bessarion

★ Bessarion

★ George of Trebizond -Venice, Florence, Rome

★ Theodorus Gaza -First dean of the University of Ferrara, Naples and Rome

★ John Argyropoulos -Universities of Florence, Rome, Padua teacher of Leonardo da Vinci

★ Laonicus Chalcocondyles

★ Demetrius Chalcondyles -Milano

★ Theofilos Chalcocondylis -Florence

★ Constantine Lascaris -University of Messina

★ Henry Aristippus

★ Michael Apostolius -Rome

★ Aristobulus Apostolius

★ Arsenius Apostolius

★ Demetrius Cydones

★ John Lascaris or Rhyndacenus -Rome

★ Maximus the Greek studied in Italy before moving to Russia

★ Ioannis Kottounios -Padua

★ Konstantinos Kallokratos

★ Barlaam of Seminara -Teacher of Boccacio

★ Marcus Musurus -University of Padua

★ Michael Tarchaniota Marullus -Ancona and Florence, friend and pupil of Jovianus Pontanus

★ Leo Allatius -Rome, librarian of the library of Vatican

★ Demetrios Ducas

★ Leozio Pilatus -Teacher of Petrarch and Boccacio

★ Maximus Planudes -Rome, Venice

★ Leonard of Chios -Greek-born Roman-Catholic prelate

★ Simon Atumano -Bishop of Gerace in Calabria

★ Isidore of Kiev

★ Elia del Medigo -Venice

★ George Hermonymus -University of Paris, teacher of Erasmus, Reuchlin, Budaeus and Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples

★ Theodore Palaeologus

★ Georgios Charitonymos -Paris

★ Laskaris Kavanos

★ John Chrysoloras -scholar and diplomat: relative of Manuel Chrysoloras, patron of Francesco Filelfo

★ Andronicus Contoblacas -Basel

★ Ioannis Servopoulos -Reading, Oxford; scholar, professor; introduced coffee in England at the 1430's^[2]

★ Joanes Crastonis Modena, Greek-Latin dictionary

★ Andronicus Callistus -Rome

★ Gerasimos Vlahos

★ George Amiroutzis -Florence, Aristotelian

★ Janus Skoutariotes -Florence

★ Gregorio Tifernas -Paris teacher of Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples and Robert Gaguin

★ Nikolaos Sophianos -Rome, Venice: scholar and geographer, creator of the Totius Graeciae Descriptio

★ Zacharias Calliergi -Rome

★ Mathaios Devaris -Rome

★ Franculios Servopoulos -diplomat

★ Thomas Flanginis -Venice, he funded the establishment of the Flanginian Greek school for teachers

★ Antonios Eparchos -Venice, scholar and poet

★ Maximos Margunios -Venice

★ Matthaius Camarioti

★ Nikolaos Loukanis -Venice

★ Iakovos Trivolis

Printers & artists

★ El Greco -Cretan painter, Italy, Spain

★ Antonio Vassilacchi - painter from Milos worked in Venice with Paolo Veronese

★ Angelos Pitzamanos (1467-1535) Cretan painter Otranto, South Italy ^[3]

★ Michael Damaskenos -Venice, Cretan painter

★ Emmanouel Tzanes -Venice, Cretan painter

★ Francisco Leontaritis -Italy, Bavaria: singer and composer

★ Janus Plousiadenos -Venice, hymnographer and composer

★ John Rhosos -Rome, Venice well-known scribe

★ George Gregoropoulos -scribe

★ Caesar Strategos -copyist

★ Ioannis Gregoropoulos -Venice, scribe close associate of Aldus Manutius

★ Angelos Vergikios

★ Arsenios Apostolis

★ Michael Apostolis -scribe

★ Nikolos Vlastos, Anna Notaras, Zaharias Kalliergi Venice, scholars, scribes, first Greek typing press

★ Alexandros Handakos -scribe

★ Andreas Kounadis

★ Nikolaos Sofianos

★ Manolis Glyzounis

★ Damianos di Sancta Maria

★ Nikolaos Glykys

★ Nikolaos Saros

★ Antonio Bortoli

★ Andreas Darmarios

★ Michael Lygizos -Cretan scribe

See also

★ Byzantine art

★ Cretan School

★ Byzantine science

★ List of Byzantine scientists

References

1. Maria Constantoudaki-Kitromilides in ''From Byzantium to El Greco'',p.51-2, Athens 1987, Byzantine Museum of Arts
2. http://www.popularq.net/articles/Health/General/Coffee//
3. http://www.eikastikon.gr/kritikesparousiaseis/velimezi_en.html

Sources

★ Deno J. Geanakoplos, ''Byzantine East and Latin West: Two worlds of christendom in middle ages and renaissance''. The Academy Library Harper & Row Publishers, New York, 1966

★ Steve Runciman, ''The fall of Constantinope, 1453''. Cambridge University press, Cambridge 1965

★ Deno J Geanakoplos, (1958) ''A Byzantine looks at the renaissance'', Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 1 (2);pp:157-62

★ John Monfasani ''Byzantine Scholars in Renaissance Italy: Cardinal Bessarion and Other Emigrés'': Selected Essays, Aldershot, Hampshire: Variorum, 1995

★ Louise Ropes Loomis (1908) ''The Greek Renaissance in Italy'' The American Historical Review, 13(2);pp:246-258

★ Dimitri Tselos (1956) ''A Greco-Italian School of Illuminators and Fresco Painters: Its Relation to the Principal Reims Manuscripts and to the Greek Frescoes in Rome and Castelseprio'' The Art Bulletin, 38(1);pp: 1-30

External links

★ Greece: Books and Writers.

★ Michael D. Reeve, "On the role of Greek in Renaissance scholarship.'

★ Jonathan Harris, 'Byzantines in Renaissance Italy'.

★ Paul Botley, Renaissance Scholarship and the Athenian Calendar.

★ Richard C. Jebb 'Christian Renaissance'.

★ Karl Krumbacher: 'The History of Byzantine Literature: from Justinian to the end of the Eastern Roman Empire (527-1453)'.

★ San Giorgio dei Greci and the Greek community of Venice

★ Istituto Ellenico di Studi Byzantini and Postbyzantini di Venezia