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The 'Camphill Movement' is an international nexus of therapeutic intentional communities serving those with singular needs or disabilities. Situated in village communities together with workers, who are usually unsalaried, and their families, people with special needs live communally to facilitate close personal relationships, and provide them a social and cultural framework for work, community service, worship and educational services.[1] Its residents live together in family homes, and the industry of the villages are typically centered around biodynamic farmingJan Martin Bang, "Camphill Ecovillages", ''Proceedings of the Seventh International Communal Studies Conference: Communal living on the threshold of a new millennium: lessons and perspectives.'', International Communal Studies Association, (June 25-27, 2001) pp. 249-257. Conference proceedings., craftswork or the household;[2] the communities' aim is to support every member to be able to contribute to the community in some fashion.[3]
The movement was founded in the 1940s by Austrian pediatrician Karl König near Aberdeen, Scotland with his establishment there of a small residential school for children with special needs.[4] It was König's view that every human being possessed a healthy inner personality that was independent of their physical characteristics, including characteristics marking developmental or mental disability, and the role of the school was to recognize, nurture and educate to this essential self. The communities' philosophy, anthroposophy, states that "a perfectly formed spirit and destiny belong to each human being."[5] The underlying principles of König's Camphill school were derived from concepts of education and social life outlined decades earlier by anthroposophist Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925).[6] Today there are about 100 villages world-wide, in twenty countries, mainly in Europe, but also in North America, South Africa, Russia and Eastern Europe.[7].
There are a number of Camphill Communities in the UK, namely Botton Village, Larchfield, Newton Dee, Beannachar, Blair Drummond, Ochil Tower, Milton Keynes, Delrow, The Mount, Sheiling School Ringwood, and Pennines Community, Glencraig (Northern Ireland), Holywood (Northern Ireland), Mourne Grange (Northern Ireland) Clanabogan (Northern Ireland) and Coleg Elidyr (Wales).
Botton Village received the Deputy Prime Minister's Award for Sustainable Communities in 2005; the award cited the community's dedication to the ethos of sustainability and mutual respect, as well as their concrete achievements in these areas.[8]
Seven villages springing from the Camphill movement which were established in the United States are: Camphill Village Minnesota, Inc. (founded 1980), Tobias Community in New Hampshire (founded 1988); Camphill Village U. S.A., Inc. (founded 1961), Fellowship Community (founded 1967), Triform (founded 1977), each in New York; and Camphill Special Schools (founded 1963), Camphill Village Kimberton Hills, Inc (founded 1972), and Camphill Soltane, all in Pennsylvania.[9]
Ontario has two Camphill locations: Camphill Nottawasaga, a rural community for adults with several homes and workshops (woodwork, pottery, forestry and a vegetable garden). Camphill Sophia Creek provides residential workshops in an urban environment in Barrie, one hour north of Toronto. British Columbia also has two Camphill facilities: The Cascadia Society in North Vancouver, which provides residential home care and daytime activities in an urban setting. The Ita Wegman Association of BC in Duncan, operates Glenora Farm, a rural, agriculturally-based community for adults with special needs.[10] Glenora is a biodynamic farm.[11] In Quebec, Maison Emmanuel Centre Educatif, located in Val-Morin, Quebec (one hundred kilometers north of Montreal), serves about 20 adults and adolescents.[12]
1. Larry K. Brendtro and Arlin E. Ness, ''Re-Educating Troubled Youth: Environments for Teaching and Treatment: Environments for Teaching and Treatment'', Aldine de Gruyter 1983.
2. David B. Schwartz, ''Who Cares? Rediscovering Community'', Westview Press, 1997
3. Cox, Sandy. "Butcher, baker ... architect's assistant: people with learning disabilities who live in Camphill communities take great pride in providing a service, whatever it may be. Sandy Cox describes the amazing array of work they carry out." Learning Disability Practice 9.5 (June 2006): 24(2)
4. Robin Jackson, ''The role of social pedagogy in the training of residential child care workers'', Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 2006 Vol. 10, No. 1
5. Busalle, Rebecca, Cornelius Pietzner, and Stephan Rasch. "The life of the soul". ''Aperture'', Summer 1996 n144: 26(10).
6. Marga Hogenboom,''Living With Genetic Syndromes Associated With Mental Disability'', Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2001
7. Todd Saunders, ''Ecology and Community Design: Lessons from Northern European Ecological Communities'', Alternatives Journal, Vol 22, Apr/May 1996
8. "The Deputy Prime Minister's Award." ''Learning Disability Practice'' 9.2 (March 2006): 26(1)
9. Donald E. Pitzer, ''America's Communal Utopias'', University of North Carolina Press, 1997
10. Camphill in North America. Camphill Communities. Retrieved on: August 6, 2007.
11. Glenora Farm. Retrieved on: August 6, 2007.
12. Maison Emmanuel. Retrieved on: August 6, 2007.
★ The Camphill movement in North America
★ The Camphill movement in the United Kingdom
★ Official history
★ Camphill Communities of Ireland
★ Camphill Special School in Glenmoore, Pennsylvania
★ The Camphill School of Curative Education
★ The original community at Newton Dee, Aberdeen
★ Camphill Coleg Elidyr, a Further Education College in Wales
The movement was founded in the 1940s by Austrian pediatrician Karl König near Aberdeen, Scotland with his establishment there of a small residential school for children with special needs.[4] It was König's view that every human being possessed a healthy inner personality that was independent of their physical characteristics, including characteristics marking developmental or mental disability, and the role of the school was to recognize, nurture and educate to this essential self. The communities' philosophy, anthroposophy, states that "a perfectly formed spirit and destiny belong to each human being."[5] The underlying principles of König's Camphill school were derived from concepts of education and social life outlined decades earlier by anthroposophist Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925).[6] Today there are about 100 villages world-wide, in twenty countries, mainly in Europe, but also in North America, South Africa, Russia and Eastern Europe.[7].
| Contents |
| Communities in the UK |
| Communities in the United States |
| Communities in Canada |
| Notes |
| External links |
Communities in the UK
There are a number of Camphill Communities in the UK, namely Botton Village, Larchfield, Newton Dee, Beannachar, Blair Drummond, Ochil Tower, Milton Keynes, Delrow, The Mount, Sheiling School Ringwood, and Pennines Community, Glencraig (Northern Ireland), Holywood (Northern Ireland), Mourne Grange (Northern Ireland) Clanabogan (Northern Ireland) and Coleg Elidyr (Wales).
Botton Village received the Deputy Prime Minister's Award for Sustainable Communities in 2005; the award cited the community's dedication to the ethos of sustainability and mutual respect, as well as their concrete achievements in these areas.[8]
Communities in the United States
Seven villages springing from the Camphill movement which were established in the United States are: Camphill Village Minnesota, Inc. (founded 1980), Tobias Community in New Hampshire (founded 1988); Camphill Village U. S.A., Inc. (founded 1961), Fellowship Community (founded 1967), Triform (founded 1977), each in New York; and Camphill Special Schools (founded 1963), Camphill Village Kimberton Hills, Inc (founded 1972), and Camphill Soltane, all in Pennsylvania.[9]
Communities in Canada
Ontario has two Camphill locations: Camphill Nottawasaga, a rural community for adults with several homes and workshops (woodwork, pottery, forestry and a vegetable garden). Camphill Sophia Creek provides residential workshops in an urban environment in Barrie, one hour north of Toronto. British Columbia also has two Camphill facilities: The Cascadia Society in North Vancouver, which provides residential home care and daytime activities in an urban setting. The Ita Wegman Association of BC in Duncan, operates Glenora Farm, a rural, agriculturally-based community for adults with special needs.[10] Glenora is a biodynamic farm.[11] In Quebec, Maison Emmanuel Centre Educatif, located in Val-Morin, Quebec (one hundred kilometers north of Montreal), serves about 20 adults and adolescents.[12]
Notes
1. Larry K. Brendtro and Arlin E. Ness, ''Re-Educating Troubled Youth: Environments for Teaching and Treatment: Environments for Teaching and Treatment'', Aldine de Gruyter 1983.
2. David B. Schwartz, ''Who Cares? Rediscovering Community'', Westview Press, 1997
3. Cox, Sandy. "Butcher, baker ... architect's assistant: people with learning disabilities who live in Camphill communities take great pride in providing a service, whatever it may be. Sandy Cox describes the amazing array of work they carry out." Learning Disability Practice 9.5 (June 2006): 24(2)
4. Robin Jackson, ''The role of social pedagogy in the training of residential child care workers'', Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 2006 Vol. 10, No. 1
5. Busalle, Rebecca, Cornelius Pietzner, and Stephan Rasch. "The life of the soul". ''Aperture'', Summer 1996 n144: 26(10).
6. Marga Hogenboom,''Living With Genetic Syndromes Associated With Mental Disability'', Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2001
7. Todd Saunders, ''Ecology and Community Design: Lessons from Northern European Ecological Communities'', Alternatives Journal, Vol 22, Apr/May 1996
8. "The Deputy Prime Minister's Award." ''Learning Disability Practice'' 9.2 (March 2006): 26(1)
9. Donald E. Pitzer, ''America's Communal Utopias'', University of North Carolina Press, 1997
10. Camphill in North America. Camphill Communities. Retrieved on: August 6, 2007.
11. Glenora Farm. Retrieved on: August 6, 2007.
12. Maison Emmanuel. Retrieved on: August 6, 2007.
External links
★ The Camphill movement in North America
★ The Camphill movement in the United Kingdom
★ Official history
★ Camphill Communities of Ireland
★ Camphill Special School in Glenmoore, Pennsylvania
★ The Camphill School of Curative Education
★ The original community at Newton Dee, Aberdeen
★ Camphill Coleg Elidyr, a Further Education College in Wales
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