CARBON DIOXIDE (DATA PAGE)

This page provides supplementary chemical data on carbon dioxide.

Contents

Material Safety Data Sheet

Structure and properties

Thermodynamic properties

Solubility in water at various temperatures

Vapor pressure of solid and liquid

Liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data

Spectral data

References

Material Safety Data Sheet

The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. MSDS for carbon dioxide is available from Fisher Scientific. MSDS for solid carbon dioxide is available from Pacific Dry Ice, inc.

Structure and properties

Structure and properties
Index of refraction, ''n''D	?
Dielectric constant, εr	1.60 ε0 at 0 °C, 50 atm
Bond strength	?
Bond length	C–O 120 pm
Bond angle	180.0
Magnetic susceptibility	?
Surface tension	4.34 dyn/cm at 20°C and equilbrium pressure
Viscosity[1]of liquid at equilibrium pressure	0.0925 mPa·s at 5°C 0.0852 mPa·s at 10°C 0.0712 mPa·s at 20°C 0.0625 mPa·s at 25°C 0.0321 mPa·s at 31.1°C

Thermodynamic properties

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! | Phase behavior
|-
| Triple point
| 216.58 K (-56.57 °C), 518.5 kPa
|-
| Critical point
| 304.18 K (31.03 °C), 7.38 MPa
|-
| Std enthalpy change
of fusion, Δ_fus''H''^o
| 8.647 kJ/mol at triple point^[2]
|-
| Std entropy change
of fusion, Δ_fus''S''^o
| ? J/(mol·K)
|-
| Std enthalpy change
of vaporization, Δ_vap''H''^o
| 15.326 kJ/mol at –57.5°C
|-
| Std entropy change
of vaporization, Δ_vap''S''^o
| 70.8 J/(mol·K)
|-
! | Solid properties
|-
| Std enthalpy change
of formation, Δ_f''H''^o_solid
| ? kJ/mol
|-
| Standard molar entropy,
''S''^o_solid
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
| Heat capacity, ''c_p''
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
! | Liquid properties
|-
| Std enthalpy change
of formation, Δ_f''H''^o_liquid
| ? kJ/mol
|-
| Standard molar entropy,
''S''^o_liquid
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
| Heat capacity, ''c_p''
| ? J/(mol K)
|-
! | Gas properties
|-
| Std enthalpy change
of formation, Δ_f''H''^o_gas
| −393.52 kJ/mol
|-
| Standard molar entropy,
''S''^o_gas
| 213.79 J/(mol K)
|-
| Heat capacity,^[3] ''c_p''
|
33.89 J/(mol K) at –75°C

36.33 J/(mol K) at 0°C

36.61 J/(mol K) at 15°C

38.01 J/(mol K) at 100°C

43.81 J/(mol K) at 400°C

50.87 J/(mol K) at 1000°C

56.91 J/(mol K) at 2000°C

53.01 J/(mol K) at 38°C, 2457 kPa

60.01 J/(mol K) at 38°C, 5482 kPa

183.1 J/(mol K) at 38°C, 8653 kPa

|-
| Heat capacity ratio
''γ'' = ''c_p''/''c_v''
|
1.37 at –75°C

1.310 at 0°C

1.304 at 15°C

1.281 at 100°C

1.235 at 400°C

1.195 at 1000°C

1.171 at 2000°C
|-
| van der Waals' constants^[4]
| a = 363.96 L² kPa/mol²
b = 0.04267 liter per mole
|-
| Equilibrium with carbon monoxide^[5]

CO + ½O₂ → CO₂

''K'' =

''pK'' = log₁₀ ''K''
|
''pK'' = 45.0438 at T = 298.16 K

''pK'' = 25.0054 at T = 500 K

''pK'' = 16.5383 at T = 700 K

''pK'' = 11.8409 at T = 900 K

''pK'' = 8.8583 at T = 1100 K

''pK'' = 6.7989 at T = 1300 K

''pK'' = 5.2943 at T = 1500 K
|}

Solubility in water at various temperatures

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA"
|- bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center"
| colspan="3" | 'Aqueous Solubility of CO₂ at 101.3 kPa partial pressure'^[6]
|-
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style=" background: ; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: ;"
|-
| 'Temperature'|| ^‡'Dissolved
CO₂ volume
per volume H₂O' || 'grams CO₂ per
100 ml H₂O'
|-
| 0 °C || 1.713 || 0.3346
|-
| 1 °C || 1.646 || 0.3213
|-
| 2 °C || 1.527 || 0.3091
|-
| 3 °C || 1.527 || 0.2978
|-
| 4 °C || 1.473 || 0.2871
|-
| 5 °C || 1.424 || 0.2774
|-
| 6 °C || 1.377 || 0.2681
|-
| 7 °C || 1.331 || 0.2589
|-
| 8 °C || 1.282 || 0.2492
|-
| 9 °C || 1.237 || 0.2403
|-
| 10 °C || 1.194 || 0.2318
|-
| 11 °C || 1.154 || 0.2239
|-
| 12 °C || 1.117 || 0.2165
|-
| 13 °C || 1.083 || 0.2098
|-
| 14 °C || 1.050 || 0.2032
|-
| 15 °C || 1.019 || 0.1970
|-
| 16 °C || 0.985 || 0.1903
|-
| 17 °C || 0.956 || 0.1845
|}
| bgcolor="#F8EABA"|    
|
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: ; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: ;"
|-
| 'Temperature'|| ^‡'Dissolved
CO₂ volume
per volume H₂O' || 'grams CO₂ per
100 ml H₂O'
|-
| 18 °C || 0.928 || 0.1789
|-
| 19 °C || 0.902 || 0.1737
|-
| 20 °C || 0.878 || 0.1688
|-
| 21 °C || 0.854 || 0.1640
|-
| 22 °C || 0.829 || 0.1590
|-
| 23 °C || 0.804 || 0.1540
|-
| 24 °C || 0.781 || 0.1493
|-
| 25 °C || 0.759 || 0.1449
|-
| 26 °C || 0.738 || 0.1406
|-
| 27 °C || 0.718 || 0.1366
|-
| 28 °C || 0.699 || 0.1327
|-
| 29 °C || 0.682 || 0.1292
|-
| 30 °C || 0.655 || 0.1257
|-
| 35 °C || 0.592 || 0.1105
|-
| 40 °C || 0.530 || 0.0973
|-
| 45 °C || 0.479 || 0.0860
|-
| 50 °C || 0.436 || 0.0761
|-
| 60 °C || 0.359 || 0.0576
|}
|-
|}

★ ^‡Second column of table indicates solubility at each given temperature in volume of CO₂ as it would be measured at 101.3 kPa and 0 °C per volume of water.

★ The solubility is given for "pure water", i.e., water which contain only CO₂. This water is going to be acidic. For example, at 25 °C the pH of 3.9 is expected (see carbonic acid). At less acidic pH values, the solubility will increase because of the pH-dependent speciation of CO₂.

Vapor pressure of solid and liquid

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="6" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: white; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
|-
| | 'P in mm Hg' || 1 || 10 || 40 || 100 || 400 || 760 || 1520 || 3800 || 7600 || 15600 || 30400 || 45600
|-
| | 'T in °C' || –134.3_(s) || –119.5_(s) || –108.6_(s) || –100.2_(s) || –85.7_(s) || –78.2_(s) || –69.1_(s) || –56.7 || –39.5 || –18.9 || 5.9 || 22.4
|}
Table data obtained from ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'' 44th ed. Annotation "(s)" indicates equilibrium temperature of vapor over solid. Otherwise temperature is equilibrium of vapor over liquid.

'log of Carbon Dioxide vapor pressure.' Uses formula: $scriptstyle\; log\_e\; P\_\{mmHg\}\; =$
obtained from CHERIC^[7]

Liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data

The table below gives thermodynamic data of liquid CO₂ in equilibrium with its vapor at various temperatures. Heat content data, heat of vaporization, and entropy values are relative to the liquid state at 0°C temperature and 3483 kPa pressure. To convert heat values to joules per mole values, multiply by 44.095 grams/mole. To convert densities to moles/liter, multiply by 22.678 cm³-mole/liter-gram. Data obtained from ''CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', 44th ed. pages 2560-2561, except for critical temperature line (31.1°C) and temperatures –30°C and below, which are taken from ''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed. page 1463.
{|
|- bgcolor="#D0D0D0" align="center"
| colspan="9" | 'Carbon dioxide liquid/vapor equilibrium thermodynamic data'
|-
! Temp.
°C !! ''P_vap''
Vapor
pressure
kPa !! ''H_liq''
Heat
content
liquid
J/gr !! ''H_vap''
Heat
content
vapor
J/gr !! Δ_vap''H''^o
Heat of
vapor-
ization
J/gr !! ''ρ_vap''
Density
of vapor
gr/cm³ !! ''ρ_liq''
Density
of liquid
gr/cm³ !! ''S_liq''
Entropy
liquid
J/mol-°C !! ''S_vap''
Entropy
vapor
J/mol-°C
|-
| –56.6 || 518.3 || || || || || 1.179 || ||
|-
| –56.0 || 531.8 || || || || || 1.177 || ||
|-
| –54.0 || 579.1 || || || || || 1.169 || ||
|-
| –52.0 || 629.6 || || || || || 1.162 || ||
|-
| –50.0 || 683.4 || || || || || 1.155 || ||
|-
| –48.0 || 740.6 || || || || || 1.147 || ||
|-
| –46.0 || 801.3 || || || || || 1.139 || ||
|-
| –44.0 || 865.6 || || || || || 1.131 || ||
|-
| –42.0 || 933.8 || || || || || 1.124 || ||
|-
| –40.0 || 1005.7 || || || || || 1.116 || ||
|-
| –38.0 || 1081.6 || || || || || 1.108 || ||
|-
| –36.0 || 1161.8 || || || || || 1.100 || ||
|-
| –34.0 || 1246.2 || || || || || 1.092 || ||
|-
| –32.0 || 1335.1 || || || || || 1.084 || ||
|-
| -30.0 || 1428.6 || || || || || 1.075 || ||
|-
| –28.89 || 1521 || –55.69 || 237.1 || 292.9 || 0.03846 || 1.0306 || –9.48 || 43.41
|-
| –27.78 || 1575 || –53.76 || 237.3 || 291.0 || 0.03987 || 1.0276 || –9.13 || 43.21
|-
| –26.67 || 1630 || –51.84 || 237.6 || 289.4 || 0.04133 || 1.0242 || –8.78 || 43.01
|-
| –25.56 || 1686 || –49.87 || 237.6 || 287.5 || 0.04283 || 1.0209 || –8.45 || 42.78
|-
| –24.44 || 1744 || –47.91 || 237.8 || 285.7 || 0.04440 || 1.0170 || –8.10 || 42.56
|-
| –23.33 || 1804 || –45.94 || 237.8 || 283.6 || 0.04600 || 1.0132 || –7.75 || 42.36
|-
| –22.22 || 1866 || –43.93 || 237.8 || 281.7 || 0.04767 || 1.0093 || –7.40 || 42.14
|-
| –21.11 || 1928 || –41.92 || 237.8 || 279.6 || 0.04938 || 1.0053 || –7.05 || 42.94
|-
| –20.00 || 1993 || –39.91 || 237.8 || 277.8 || 0.05116 || 1.0011 || –6.68 || 41.71
|-
| –18.89 || 2059 || –37.86 || 237.8 || 275.7 || 0.05300 || 0.9968 || –6.31 || 41.49
|-
| –17.78 || 2114 || –35.82 || 237.6 || 273.6 || 0.05489 || 0.9923 || –5.98 || 41.27
|-
| –16.67 || 2197 || –33.73 || 237.6 || 271.2 || 0.05686 || 0.9875 || –5.61 || 41.05
|-
| –15.56 || 2269 || –31.64 || 237.3 || 269.2 || 0.05888 || 0.9829 || –5.26 || 40.83
|-
| –14.44 || 2343 || –29.54 || 237.3 || 266.9 || 0.06098 || 0.9782 || –4.91 || 40.61
|-
| –13.33 || 2418 || –27.41 || 237.1 || 264.5 || 0.06314 || 0.9734 || –4.54 || 40.39
|-
| –12.22 || 2495 || –25.27 || 236.9 || 262.2 || 0.06539 || 0.9665 || –4.17 || 40.15
|-
| –11.11 || 2574 || –23.09 || 236.7 || 259.7 || 0.06771 || 0.9639 || –3.80 || 39.92
|-
| –10.00 || 2654 || –20.90 || 236.4 || 257.3 || 0.07011 || 0.9592 || –3.43 || 39.68
|-
| –8.89 || 2738 || –18.69 || 235.9 || 254.8 || 0.07259 || 0.9543 || –3.06 || 39.46
|-
| –7.78 || 2823 || –16.45 || 235.7 || 252.2 || 0.07516 || 0.9494 || –2.69 || 39.22
|-
| –6.67 || 2910 || –14.18 || 235.2 || 249.4 || 0.07783 || 0.9443 || –2.32 || 38.98
|-
| –5.56 || 2999 || –11.90 || 234.8 || 246.6 || 0.08059 || 0.9393 || –1.94 || 38.74
|-
| –4.44 || 3090 || –9.977 || 234.3 || 243.8 || 0.08347 || 0.9340 || –1.57 || 38.50
|-
| –3.89 || 3136 || –8.410 || 234.1 || 242.4 || 0.08494 || 0.9313 || –1.37 || 38.37
|-
| –2.78 || 3230 || –6.046 || 233.6 || 239.7 || 0.08797 || 0.9260 || –0.98 || 38.12
|-
| –1.67 || 3327 || –3.648 || 232.9 || 236.6 || 0.09111 || 0.9206 || –0.59 || 37.88
|-
| –0.56 || 3425 || –1.222 || 232.4 || 233.6 || 0.09438 || 0.9150 || –0.20 || 37.62
|-
| 0.56 || 3526 || 1.234 || 231.7 || 230.5 || 0.09776 || 0.9094 || 0.20 || 37.36
|-
| 1.67 || 3629 || 3.728 || 231.0 || 227.3 || 0.1013 || 0.9036 || 0.61 || 37.08
|-
| 2.78 || 3735 || 6.268 || 230.4 || 224.0 || 0.1050 || 0.8975 || 1.01 || 36.83
|-
| 3.89 || 3981 || 8.445 || 229.4 || 220.5 || 0.1088 || 0.8914 || 1.42 || 36.55
|-
| 5.00 || 3953 || 11.46 || 228.5 || 217.0 || 0.1128 || 0.8850 || 1.83 || 36.25
|-
| 6.11 || 4067 || 14.13 || 227.6 || 213.4 || 0.1169 || 0.8784 || 2.25 || 35.98
|-
| 7.22 || 4182 || 16.85 || 226.5 || 209.7 || 0.1213 || 0.8716 || 2.69 || 35.68
|-
| 8.33 || 4300 || 19.63 || 225.4 || 205.8 || 0.1258 || 0.8645 || 3.12 || 35.39
|-
| 9.44 || 4420 || 22.46 || 224.3 || 201.8 || 0.1306 || 0.8571 || 3.56 || 35.07
|-
| 10.56 || 4544 || 25.36 || 223.1 || 197.7 || 0.1355 || 0.8496 || 4.02 || 34.76
|-
| 11.67 || 4670 || 28.33 || 221.8 || 193.4 || 0.1408 || 0.8418 || 4.48 || 34.45
|-
| 12.78 || 4798 || 31.35 || 220.3 || 188.9 || 0.1463 || 0.8338 || 4.94 || 34.11
|-
| 13.89 || 4929 || 34.49 || 218.8 || 184.3 || 0.1521 || 0.8254 || 5.42 || 33.76
|-
| 15.00 || 5063 || 37.30 || 217.2 || 179.5 || 0.1583 || 0.8168 || 5.92 || 33.41
|-
| 16.11 || 5200 || 41.03 || 215.1 || 174.4 || 0.1648 || 0.8076 || 6.42 || 33.02
|-
| 17.22 || 5340 || 44.48 || 213.6 || 169.1 || 0.1717 || 0.7977 || 6.96 || 32.66
|-
| 18.33 || 5482 || 48.03 || 211.5 || 163.5 || 0.1791 || 0.7871 || 7.49 || 32.25
|-
| 19.44 || 5628 || 51.71 || 209.4 || 157.6 || 0.1869 || 0.7759 || 8.04 || 31.83
|-
| 20.56 || 5776 || 55.61 || 207.0 || 151.4 || 0.1956 || 0.7639 || 8.63 || 31.38
|-
| 21.67 || 5928 || 59.66 || 204.3 || 144.7 || 0.2054 || 0.7508 || 9.24 || 30.90
|-
| 22.78 || 6083 || 63.97 || 201.5 || 137.5 || 0.2151 || 0.7367 || 9.89 || 30.39
|-
| 23.89 || 6240 || 68.58 || 198.4 || 129.8 || 0.2263 || 0.7216 || 10.57 || 29.85
|-
| 25.00 || 6401 || 73.51 || 194.8 || 121.3 || 0.2387 || 0.7058 || 11.31 || 29.24
|-
| 26.11 || 6565 || 78.91 || 190.7 || 111.8 || 0.2532 || 0.6894 || 12.10 || 28.60
|-
| 27.22 || 6733 || 84.94 || 186.0 || 101.1 || 0.2707 || 0.6720 || 12.99 || 27.84
|-
| 28.33 || 6902 || 91.88 || 180.4 || 88.49 || 0.2923 || 0.6507 || 14.00 || 26.95
|-
| 29.44 || 7081 || 100.4 || 173.1 || 72.72 || 0.3204 || 0.6209 || 15.24 || 25.85
|-
| 30.00 || 7164 || 105.6 || 168.4 || 62.76 || 0.3378 || 0.5992 || 16.01 || 25.15
|-
| 30.56 || 7253 || 112.3 || 162.3 || 50.04 || 0.3581 || 0.5661 || 16.99 || 24.24
|-
| 31.1 || 7391 || || || 0.00 || 0.4641 || 0.4641 || ||
|-
! Temp.
°C !! ''P_vap''
Vapor
pressure
kPa !! ''H_liq''
Heat
content
liquid
J/gr !! ''H_vap''
Heat
content
vapor
J/gr !! Δ_vap''H''^o
Heat of
vapor-
ization
J/gr !! ''ρ_vap''
Density
of vapor
gr/cm³ !! ''ρ_liq''
Density
of liquid
gr/cm³ !! ''S_liq''
Entropy
liquid
J/mol-°C !! ''S_vap''
Entropy
vapor
J/mol-°C
|}

Spectral data

{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" style="margin: 0 0 0 0.5em; background: #FFFFFF; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: #C0C090;"
! | UV-Vis
|-
| λ_max
| ? nm
|-
| Extinction coefficient, ε
| ?
|-
! | IR
|-
| Major absorption bands
| 2350 and 667 cm⁻¹
|-
! | NMR
|-
| Proton NMR
|  
|-
| Carbon-13 NMR
|  
|-
| Other NMR data
|  
|-
! | MS
|-
| Masses of
main fragments
|  
|-
|}

References

1. ''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed. pp 1669-1674
2. Gas Encyclopaedia
3. ''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed, pp 1525-1528
4. ''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed, pp 1522-1524
5. ''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed. pp 1573-1576
6. ''Lange's Handbook of Chemistry'', 10th ed., p 1100
7. Pure Component Properties


★
Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.
applies.