CARL HAYDEN

'Carl Trumbull Hayden' (October 2, 1877 – January 25, 1972) was an American politician and the first United States Senator to serve seven terms. Serving as Arizona's first Representative for eight terms before entering the Senate, Hayden holds the record for longest service in the United States Congress. He also served as the Dean of the United States Senate, President pro tempore of the United States Senate, and Chairman of both the Senate Rules and Administration and Appropriations committees.
Having earned a reputation as a reclamation expert early in his congressional career,^[1] Hayden consistently backed legislation dealing with public lands, mining, reclamation, and other projects affecting the the Western United States. He also played a key role in creating the funding formula for the federal highway system.^[2]
President John F. Kennedy said of Hayden, "Every Federal program which has contributed to the development of the West-irrigation, power, reclamation—bears his mark, and the great Federal highway program which binds this country, together, which permits this State to be competitive east and west, north and south, this in large measure is his creation."^[3]
Known as the "Silent Senator", Hayden rarely spoke on the Senate floor. Instead his influence came from committee meetings and Senate cloakroom discussions where his comments were given a respect comparable to canon law.^[4] A colleague said of him, "No man in Senate history has wielded more influence with less oratory,"^[5]
while the ''Los Angeles Times'' wrote about Hayden,
"He has assisted so many projects for so many senators that when old Carl wants something for his beloved Arizona, his fellow senators fall all over themselves giving him a hand. They'd probably vote landlocked Arizona a navy if he asked for it." Carl Hayden—Man of History and Few Words Jerry Cohen

Contents

Background

Early political career

House of Representatives

Senate

1920s

1930s

1940s

1950s

1960s

Professional disposition

Congressional elections

After office

References

Further reading

External links

Background

Hayden was born to Charles Trumbull Hayden and Sallie Calvert Davis on October 2, 1877 in Hayden's Ferry, Arizona (renamed Tempe in 1878). Charles Hayden was a Connecticut-born merchant and freight operator who had moved west due to a lung ailment and homesteaded a claim on the south bank of the Salt River. Charles Hayden had also served as a probate judge and was considered for the territorial governorship following Grover Cleveland's 1884 election. Sallie David was a Arkansas-born schoolteacher who served as vice president of the Arizona Territorial Suffrage Association during the 1890s.
Following the birth of their son, Charles and Sallie Hayden also had three daughters: Sarah (called Sallie), Anna, and Mary (called Mapes). Anna died unexpectedly at two-and-one-half years of age. The Hayden family operated a variety of business interests including a ferry service, a gristmill, a general store, and agricultural interests.
While he was growing up, Hayden's family took several trips including journeys to Washington D.C., the East Coast, and to the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. Hayden also took several solo trips including a horseback trip to the Grand Canyon and a trip to Mexico City when he was fourteen.^[6][7]

Hayden attended Tempe's Eighth Street School and Arizona Territorial Normal School (now Arizona State University). After his graduation from normal school in June 1896 he was enrolled at Stanford University where he studied economics, history, language, and philosophy with an interest in attending law school following graduation. While at Stanford he participated in debate, fiction writing, football, and track and was elected sophomore class president. During his junior year, Hayden suffered his only election defeat when he narrowly lost the race for student body president. He attributed the loss to over confidence and learned to "always run scared" in his future election contests.^[8][9] While at Stanford, Hayden also met his future wife, Nan Downing. The couple married on February 14, 1908 and produced no children.^[10]
In December 1899, one semester from graduation, Hayden was forced to drop out of school when his father became ill. Charles Hayden died on February 5, 1900, leaving his son with responsibility for support of the family and control of the family business interests. Hayden sold the mercantile business to pay off outstanding debts and then rented most of the family's properties to provide an income that allowed him to move his family to Palo Alto, California where his sisters could attend college.^[11]
In the fall of 1903, he enlisted in Arizona Territorial National Guard and was elected captain within two months.^[12][13]

Early political career

Soon after his return from Stanford, Hayden became active in Democratic Party politics. In September 1900 he represented Tempe as a delegate at a county level convention and became chairman of the Maricopa County Democratic Central Committee in 1902.^[14] During this time period, Hayden also was elected to a two year term on the Tempe town council. Following passage of the National Reclamation Act of 1902, he represented the interests of Tempe in Washington D.C. by lobbying for funding of the Salt River Project.^[15]
In 1904, Hayden led the Arizona Territory delegation to the 1904 Democratic National Convention in St. Louis. Later that year he was elected Maricopa County treasurer. Hayden's two years as treasurer provided him practical experience with public finance and budgetary processes. After one term as county treasurer, he choose to pursue the more lucrative office of sheriff—the position providing a travel budget and a percentage of collected fees. The November 1906 election saw Hayden defeat his Republican and Prohibition party challengers with the largest margin of victory in any of the county races.^[16]
By the time Hayden became sheriff, Maricopa County had largely transformed from a Wild West frontier into a quiet agricultural settlements.^[17] Based in Phoenix, which had grown to a population of 10,000 people, he performed duties such as maintaining order, collecting fees from saloons and gambling halls, transportation of prisoners to other parts of the territory, and enforcing local ordnances such as a Phoenix law requiring local Indians wear pants instead of a breechcloth when visiting town.^[18] During his time as sheriff, Hayden did not have to fire his firearm although he did use an Apperson Jack Rabbit to pursue and capture two train robbers.

House of Representatives

The same day that President William H. Taft signed the legislation granting Arizona statehood, Hayden turned the jail house keys over to his deputy and with his wife boarded a train for Washington D.C. Bearing credentials supplied by Territorial Governor Richard Elihu Sloan, Hayden was sworn in as part of the 62nd United States Congress on February 19, 1912. His interests in Congress was to help his fledgling state develop its natural resources and infrastructure while growing the states population. Due to the federal government controlling the majority of the state's land, Hayden also wished to make the federal government a partner in this process.^[19] Hayden's first bill was introduced on March 1, 1912 and authorized a railroad right-of-way to Fort Huachuca.
With the start of his first full term beginning in 1913, Hayden was a supporter of Woodrow Wilson's policies voting for the Clayton Anti-Trust Act, Federal Reserve Act, Underwood Tariff Act, and creation of the Federal Trade Commission.^[20] In 1914, Hayden was able to secure an extension of the repayment time for loans made under the National Reclamation Act of 1902 from ten to twenty years, with greater flexibility in the payment amounts during the early portion of the repayment period also being allowed.^[21] An additional change in the way that reclamation projects were funded came in 1922 when Hayden's legislation authorizing revenues from sale of hydroelectric power to be credited to repayment of project debts was passed.^[22] Favoring local control of reclamation projects, in 1917 Hayden wrote legislation transferring financial obligations and operations of the Salt River Project from the Bureau of Reclamation to a local government entity. The Bureau transferring control to local government agencies would become the model for future reclamation projects in The West.^[23]
Other early efforts by Hayden included sponsoring the creation of the Grand Canyon National Park and the 1919 legislation resulting in the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.^[24]

Ashurst-Hayden diversion dam, part of the San Carlos Irrigation Project.

Beginning with an appropriation during his first term for the Army Corp of Engineers to perform a study accessing the feasibility of building a flood control dam, Hayden sought to bring a reclamation project to the Gila River.^[25] Following a favorable report on the project's feasibility Hayden introduced legislation authorizing the San Carlos Project in 1914. This bill was defeated, with opponents claiming that Arizona had already received an overly large share of federal reclamation funds.^[26] Using the fact that the Pima Indians would be one of the primary beneficiaries of the project, Hayden switch tactics and in 1916 began inserting a series of appropriations into the annual Indian Appropriations Act that paid for the construction of a diversion dam downstream of the planned reservoir. By 1922 the diversion dam was completed and named after Hayden and Arizona Senator Henry Fountain Ashurst.^[27] Final passage of the San Carlos project came in 1924 when Senator Ralph H. Cameron, Arizona's sole Republican in the Republican controlled 68th Congress, reintroduced the San Carlos bill. Calvin Coolidge signed the bill into law after the name "Coolidge Dam" was selected for the primary dam.^[28]
Hayden voted for American entry into World War I, and then successfully added an amendment to a military manpower bill that prohibited conscripted personnel from avoiding military service by buying their way out and requiring all draftees to remain in the military until the end of the war. He also favored humane treatment of conscientious objectors. As an officer in the Arizona National Guard prior to the war, Major Hayden volunteered to join his unit and served as commander of the 9th battalion, 166th Depot Brigade at Camp Lewis, Washington helping prepare his division for active duty. The war ended before his unit was transfered to Europe.^[29]
While still in the House of Representatives, Hayden became involved in a decades long dispute over water rights for the Colorado River. California interests at the time desired to construct a water storage dam along with an All-American Canal to allow irrigation of the Imperial Valley without routing the water through Mexico. Apportionment of the river's waters was a contentious issue and Arizona refused to approve the Colorado River Compact designed to determine allocation of water to each of the states in the Colorado's watershed. As a result of this disagreement when Representative Phil Swing and Senator Hiram Johnson, both from California, introduced legislation authorizing the Boulder Canyon Project, Hayden became a leader of the opposition.^[30] To this end, Hayden engaged in a variety of parliamentary procedures that prevented the Swing-Johnston bill reaching the House floor for a vote until after he had left the House of Representatives for the Senate.^[31]

Senate

Upon Hayden's election to the senate, he received what Senator Thomas J. Walsh called "choice committee assignments", including a seat on the Appropriations Committee.^[32] As a result of his seat on the Appropriations Committee, much of Hayden's efforts in the Senate were shifted away from policy making functions and toward control, allocation, and oversight of the financial funds used to implement legislated policy. Other committee assignments that would help shape his Senate career included Interior and Insular Affairs, Post Office and Post Roads, Rules and Administration, and the United States Congress Joint Committee on Printing.^[33]

1920s

Hayden during the middle of his congressional career

Upon moving to the Senate in March 1927, Hayden continued his opposition of the Boulder Canyon Project. With growing national support for the project however, it became obvious to Hayden that passage of the bill was inevitable. Seeking time to gain terms more favorable to Arizona, he continued his opposition with the aid of two filibusters from Arizona's other Senator, Henry Fountain Ashurst, and was able to delay a vote of the full Senate on the measure until the end of the 70th Congress' first session. When the Swing-Johnston bill up for a vote on May 28, 1928 Hayden made his first speech from the floor of the Senate, a filibuster in which he spoke for nine hours during an all-night session before allowing Ashurst to take over for another twelve hours.^[34][35]
Passage of the Boulder Canyon Project came shortly after Congress reconvened in December 1928. Politically unpopular in Arizona, the final bill did contain several important concessions for Arizona. An amendment by Nevada Senator Key Pittman was added to the bill and set water allotments from the Colorado to 300,000 acre feet per year (acre-ft/yr) to Nevada, 4.4 million acre-ft/yr to California and 2.8 million acre-ft/yr to Arizona with exclusive rights to all waters from the Gila River also going to Arizona. The final bill also included authorization to pay both Arizona and Nevada an amount comparable to the tax revenues hat would be generated if the dam had been built by private enterprise.^[36] Following passage of the bill, Hayden switched the form of his opposition to working to deny funding of the Boulder Canyon Project.^[37]

1930s

With the election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the coming of the New Deal, Hayden dropped his opposition of the Boulder Canyon Project and began lobbying for additional irrigation and hydroelectric projects. He actively supported the Central Valley Project and acted as floor manager for the Grand Coulee Dam's appropriation legislation. Hayden's efforts were such that Senator Warren Magnuson of Washington would latter call him "the father of the Grand Coulee Dam".^[38] In the late 1930s, as demand for new projects drained the Reclamation Fund faster than repayments could replenish it, Hayden worked with Senator Joseph C. O'Mahoney of Wyoming secure new funding by allocating a portion of the revenue generated by offshore oil reserves to the Reclamation Fund.^[39][40]

Hayden was called "the father of the Grand Coulee Dam".

Due to Hayden's seat on the Senate Committee on Post Office and Post Roads, he worked on a number of legislative initiatives promoting highway transportation. His interest in the subject was such that President Roosevelt asked why he always wished to talk about roads, to which Hayden replied, "Because Arizona has two things people will drive thousands of miles to see — Grand Canyon and the Petrified Forest. They can't get there without roads." The first piece of legislation came in 1933 with an addition of US$400 million in federal matching funds to the National Industrial Recovery Act aimed toward highway construction. This was followed the next year when Hayden and Oklahoma Representative Wilburn Cartwright introduced the Hayden-Cartwright Act. This act was the first that allowed for funds to be used for advanced planning of future roads. It also allowed federal funds to be used for roads in urban areas, instead of just rural routes, and created disincentives to prevent states from diverting highway funds to other projects. A second Hayden-Cartwright Act authorized use of federal funds to build roads on Indian reservations and national parks and forests. In addition to road construction, Hayden also had an interest in promoting highway safety, joining with first-term Missouri Senator Harry S. Truman in 1939 to propose legislation cutting federal funds by a third to state who failed to enact licensing requirements along with other portions of the Uniform Vehicle Code.^[41]
In addition to his support of reclamation and highway projects, Hayden was also involved in other efforts to promote economic growth during the Great Depression. A proposal made in 1932 would have allowed repayment of war debts to the United States to be made in silver at a discounted rate. The plan was intended to raise the price of silver and increase the value of U.S. silver holdings along with silver coinage worldwide. Effects of the depression however prevented repayment of most war debts and rendered the plan moot.^[42][43] Hayden also sponsored legislation creating the Farmers Home Administration, authorizing government insured loans to farmers.

1940s

With the 1940s and the coming of World War II, Hayden's focus shifted from public works to war-time needs. He lobbied a variety of Arizona groups to make land available and touting the favorable year-round flying weather, he assisted with the creation of a number of military bases throughout his home state, including the Luke and Williams training bases. An Army Desert Training Center built in southwestern Arizona and southeastern California was also used by American troops preparing for the North African campaign.^[44] As the United States prepared for possible war, Hayden in August 1940 advocated the use of volunteers instead of conscription to obtain needed manpower. He also introduced amendments prohibiting payment of money to avoid military service, draftees procuring substitutes, and securing of enlistments by the paying of bounties.^[45]
In 1945, Hayden suffered a personal tragedy when his wife, Nan, suffered a stroke. As a result, she was able to stand but could no longer walk and required the assistance of a nurse.^[46] Her need for assistance would continue until her death on June 25, 1961.^[47]

The Central Arizona Project, called "the most significant accomplishment of my career" by Hayden.^[48]

Following the war, and a 1944 treaty with Mexico granting the nation 1.5 million acre-ft/yr of Colorado River water, Hayden began direct efforts to bring water from the river to Phoenix, Tucson, and the irrigable Arizona farmlands between the cities. To this end, he and Arizona's other senator, Ernest McFarland, introduced legislation in 1946 to build the Central Arizona Project. Unsuccessful in their first attempt, the legislation was reintroducted in 1947 where it passed the Senate but was defeated in the House by opposition from the California delegation.^[49]
The 1940s ushering in an era of key committee chairmanships for Hayden. Due to declining health of Kenneth McKellar, Hayden served as acting chairman of the Appropriations committee during during 1940s and into 1950s. He also performed a significant amount of behind the scenes work with the committee's ranking Republican, Senator Styles Bridges, an action that enhanced Hayden's reputation for effectively operating in the Senate cloakrooms.^[50] With the 81st Congress, Hayden became chairman of the Senate Rules Committee.

1950s

Hayden's efforts to gain approval for the Central Arizona Project continued into the 1950s. Hayden and McFarland reintroduced their previous legislation in 1951 but it was again defeated in the House, this time due to concerns that full appropriation of Colorado waters had not occurred.^[51] As a result of the legislative setback, Arizona filed suit in the United States Supreme Court seeking adjudication of the water rights issue. The case, Arizona v. California, was accepted by the court on January 19, 1953 and would take over a decade to decide.^[52] In other reclamation efforts, Hayden was cosponsor of the Colorado River Storage Act of 1956 which authorized construction of Glen Canyon Dam and three other water storage dams.^[53]
In 1956, Hayden was involved in a legal dispute when a United States district court judge issued a restraining order blocking the publication of a Senate pamphlet. Hayden, who was then the chairman of the Joint Committee on Printing, charged the order was unconstitutional and stated, "If a court can enjoin Congress from issuing a report it will only be a matter of time before our remarks on the floor of the Senate of the House of Representatives would be subject to a judicial review and a complete breakdown of the constitutional principal of separation of powers would ensue."^[54]
Following a Printing Committee vote to ignore the order, Hayden directed the Government Printing Office to "disregard as unconstitutional the processes of any court in this case". The court ruling was later set aside by another federal judge stating the order had "constituted an unwarranted and unauthorized action by the judiciary" that interfered with the government's legislative function.^[55]
At the beginning of the 84th Congress, Hayden gave up his chairmanship of the Senate Rules Committee in order to become chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee.^[56] The year 1955 also saw him become a member of the newly formed Senate Democratic policy Committee.^[57] Hayden also set several records for length of service, breaking Adolph Sabath's record for continuous service in Congress on October 21, 1957 and Joseph G. Cannon's record for total length of service in Congress on February 19, 1958.^[58]

1960s

During 1962 Hayden came to national attention due to a dispute over procedural issues between the Senate Appropriations committee and House Appropriations Committee. Billed in the press as a feud between the two committees octogenarian chairmen, Hayden and Representative Clarence Cannon, the dispute began over the issue of where conference committee meetings to resolve appropriation issues would meet. Long standing tradition of the time held that all appropriations bill originated in the House while conference committee meetings occurred on the Senate side of the United States Capitol with a senator chairing the committee. The dispute began in January 1962 when members of the House appropriations committee passed a resolution calling for the meeting location of the conference committee to be evenly split between the House and Senate side of the Capital building. In response to this, the Senate appropriations committee passed a resolution calling for half of all appropriations bills to originate in the Senate. By April, Hayden had arraigned for a meeting room located mid-way between the two chambers but House members refused to discuss the issue face-to-face until July, when US$55 billion in unapproved appropriations bill threatened to force a shutdown of the U.S. government.^[59]

Senate President Hayden with House Speaker John W. McCormack during a 1963 address by President Lyndon B. Johnson

The events of the decade resulted in Hayden twice advancing to second place on the presidential line of succession. The first occurrence began on November 16, 1961 with the death of House Speaker Sam Rayburn when Hayden followed Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson until a new House Speaker was elected on January 10 1962.^[60] The second occurrence began with the 22 November 1963 assassination of John F. Kennedy until Hubert Humphrey became Vice President on January 20, 1965.^[61] When asked what he would have done if he had ever succeeded to the presidency, Hayden replied "I'd call Congress together, have the House elect a new speaker, and then I'd resign and let him become president."^[62]
Hayden's final legislative success was authorization of the Central Arizona Project. On June 4, 1963, one day after the Supreme Court issued a decision in ''Arizona v. California'' favorable to Arizona, Hayden joined with the rest of his state's congressional delegation in reintroducing legislation authorizing the water project. As in the bill's previous efforts, Hayden's influence was able to secure passage of the legislation in the Senate while passage in the House proved difficult. Initial opposition from the California delegation by early 1965 after Governor Pat Brown declared, "California will not attempt to win by obstruction what it has not won by litigation", only to be replaced by opposition from Colorado Representative Wayne Aspinall.^[63] Aspinall, chairman of the House Interior Committee refused to hold hearings on Hayden's bill. In response to the delays, Hayden waited until till Aspinall returned home for vacation and then added his proposed bill as a rider to pork barrel bill containing patronage for a large number of Congressmen. In response to Hayden's maneuver, Aspinall returned from vacation to hold hearings on the Central Arizona Project.^[64]
Final approval for the Central Arizona Project came on September 30, 1968, a day declared by President Johnson as "Carl Hayden Day".^[65] In response to the triumph Hayden remarked, "My efforts in behalf of the Central Arizona Project, began while I was still a Congressman and I consider it ... the most significant accomplishment of my career."^[48]

Professional disposition

Soon after he arrived in Washington, Hayden was told by Maryland Representative J. Frederick C. Talbott "Son, there are two kinds of Congressmen—show horses and work horses. If you want to get your name in the papers, be a show horse. But if you want to gain the respect of your colleagues, don't do it. Be a work horse."
Hayden quickly earned a reputation as a "service congressman" who faithfully responded to constituent mail, inserting vegetable or flower seed packets in his replies.^[67] This service was performed in a nonpartisan manner for all his constituents, Hayden believing that partisanship should end on election day.^[68]
During his time in office, Hayden avoided publicity and speech making. Following his filibuster of Boulder Dam, Hayden did not make another speech from the floor of the Senate for twenty years and by his later years many of his congressional colleges had not heard him make a full speech.^[69][70] His avoidance of public speaking did not impair Hayden in his duties, with then Senator Lyndon B. Johnson saying "He is living proof that effectiveness and statesmanship are not necessarily coupled with talkativeness" and Arthur Edson of the Associate Press writing, "He has kept his mouth shut while astutely pushing out invisible tentacles of power".

Congressional elections

Hayden's first run for Congress came during a 1911 special election called in anticipation of Arizona's pending statehood. Due to the Democratic party's dominate influence on Territorial politics, winning the party primary was tantamount to winning the general election. Hayden was considered an underdog to both the other Democratic challengers and received an endorsement from only one Arizona newspaper. Due to his duties as sheriff along with his Arizona Territorial National Guard service, Hayden had become known to political leaders throughout the territory. These acquaintances, combined with the influence of his father's good reputation, allowed Hayden to win a surprise win in the Democratic primary on way to his election to the United States House of Representatives.^[71]
The 1911 election set an number of precedents that would characterize Hayden's later political campaigns. The first was his tradition of never mentioning his opponent's name in public.^[72] Hayden also set a pattern of caravaning around the state with other members of his party to attend campaign functions, a practice he would continue until war-time rationing of the 1940s forced an end to the caravans. He also kept a lookout for candidates with a potential to run against him, would on occasion send a letter to a rumored candidate encouraging them to run. With good home service of his constituents, Hayden rarely faced a strong challenge for his office.^[73]
During Hayden's first run for the senate in 1926, he based his campaign on his record of defending Arizona's interests in the water rights dispute with California. To this effort his campaign poster was composed of editorial headlines from California newspapers decrying Hayden's effectiveness at preventing passage of the Swing-Johnson Bill authorizing construction of boulder Dam.^[74] This campaign also saw allegations of misconduct when the incumbent, Ralph H. Cameron, claimed that Hayden was using a slush fund received from out-of-state interests. An inquiry led by Senator William H. King was begun several days before the election and found no evidence of wrong doing.^[75][76] Following the election Hayden observed "Senator Cameron's ‘slush fund’ charges proved to be a boomerang which added considerably to my majority".^[77]
Hayden's 1932 campaign saw him coming the close to defeat during the primary election. Votes against early payment of the Veteran's Bonus and for prohibition — the Senate vote for repeal of prohibition not coming till 1933 — caused him to lose support from his Depression era constituents and he was only able to win a plurality during the primary. Hayden later speculated that if he had only faced a single opponent that he might not have won.^[78]
The stable political environment in Arizona that Hayden had enjoyed during most of his career began to change by the 1950s. Following World War II, large numbers of immigrants migrated from the Midwest and bolstered the growth of the Republican party within Arizona. While he was still popular with long-term Arizona residents, many of the new arrivals were unfamiliar with Hayden's congressional record. As a result, during the 1956 election Hayden's campaign produced a number of television and radio appearances designed to inform voters of the Senator's accomplishments and dispel rumors of failing health and senility.
The campaign also took advantage of a ''New York Times Magazine'' article^[79] that provided a complementary portrait of Hayden's service in the Senate.^[80]
During the 1962 election the Central Arizona Project was the central issue of Hayden's final campaign, were state leaders saw his seniority as key in gain approval for the project. To aid his re-election, campaign staff arraigned for a series of events celebrating Hayden's fiftieth anniversary in Congress that also served to raise awareness of the senator's achievements. A series of viral infections suffered by the senator over the course of the year prompted rumors that the eighty-five year old senator had died. To refute these rumors, Hayden held a press conference at Bethesda Naval Hospital three days before the election.^[81][82]

Year	Office	Democratic Primary Election[83]					General Election
		Incumbent	Votes	Challengers	Votes		Incumbent	Votes	Challengers	Votes
1911	U.S. House			Lamar Cobb 'Carl Hayden' Mulford Winsor	2662 '4237' 2685				'Carl Hayden' J.S. Williams (R)	'11556' 8485
1912	U.S. House						'Carl Hayden'	'11389'	Thomas E. Campbell (R) Robert S. Fisher (Progressive)	3110 5819
1914	U.S. House						'Carl Hayden'	'33306'	Henry L. Eads (R)	7586
1916	U.S. House	'Carl Hayden'	'19518'	A.A. Worsley	7784		'Carl Hayden'	'34377'	Henry L. Eads (R)	14907
1918	U.S. House						'Carl Hayden'	'26805'	Thomas Maddock (R)	16827
1920	U.S. House						'Carl Hayden'	'35397'	James A. Dunseath (R)	25841
1922	U.S. House						'Carl Hayden'	'45121'	Emma M. Guild (R)	14601
1924	U.S. House						'Carl Hayden'	'40329'	W. J. Galbraith (R)	8628
1926	U.S. Senate			'Carl Hayden'	36745 (80%)		Ralph H. Cameron (R)	31845	'Carl Hayden' Charles H. Rutherford (D)	'44591' 8995
1932	U.S. Senate	'Carl Hayden'	'38924'	Harlow W. Akers Walter H. Colyar William J. Fellows	30802 4161 6449		'Carl Hayden'	'74310'	Ralph H. Cameron (R)	35737
1938	U.S. Senate	'Carl Hayden'	'68328'	Coit I. Hughes Robert E. Miller	13867 22154		'Carl Hayden'	'82714'	Burt H. Clingan (R)	25378
1944	U.S. Senate	'Carl Hayden'	'48812'	Joe Conway	22764		'Carl Hayden'	'90335'	Fred W. Pickett (R)	39891
1950	U.S. Senate	'Carl Hayden'	'95544'	Cecil H. Miller Robert E. Miller	24340 14752		'Carl Hayden'	'116246'	Bruce Brockett (R)	68846
1956	U.S. Senate	'Carl Hayden'	'99859'	Robert E. Miller	21370		'Carl Hayden'	'170816'	Ross F. Jones (R)	107447
1962	U.S. Senate	'Carl Hayden'	'117688'	W. Lee McLane	36158		'Carl Hayden'	'199217'	Evan Mecham (R)	163388

After office

Bust of Hayden in the Russell Senate Office Building

Hayden announced his intention to retire on May 6, 1968 by saying, "Among other things that fifty-six years in Congress have taught me is that contemporary event need contemporary men. Time actually makes specialists of us all. When a house is built there is a moment for the foundation, another for the walls, the roof and so on. Arizona's foundation includes fast highways, adequate electric power, and abundant water, and these foundations have been laid. It is time for a new building crew to report, so I have decided to retire from office at the close of my term this year."^[84] To succeed him, Hayden recommended long-term aide Roy Elson, but the seat was won by former Senator Barry Goldwater, who held Arizona's other Senate seat before giving it up to run as the Republican Presidential nominee in 1964.^[85]
Following his retirement from Congress, Hayden returned to Tempe and set up an office in Arizona State University's Charles Trumbull Hayden library. In addition to organizing the papers he collected during his career, he also wrote a biography on his father and worked on a project documenting the lives of Arizona's pioneers.^[86] In mid-January 1972 he fell ill and died on January 25, 1972. Speakers at Hayden's memorial service included Goldwater and President Lyndon B. Johnson.^[87]
In response to his long tenure in Congress, a variety of projects have been named after him. On September 29, 1957, Phoenix Union High School District dedicated Carl Hayden High School.^[88] This was followed by the Maricopa County Democratic Committee lobbing for Glen Canyon Dam to be named Hayden Dam, a move that Hayden personally opposed. In 1969 the visitor center overlooking Glen Canyon Dam was named after the long-term senator.^[89] Naming efforts even continued after Hayden's death with the US Department of Agriculture's Carl Hayden Bee Research Center being named in 1978 and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs' Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center receiving its name in 1987.^[90][91] In 1986, a bust of Hayden was added to the Senate sculpture collection and placed in the Russell Senate Office Building.^[92]

References

1. August pp. 45
2. Carl T. Hayden is Dead at 94; Arizonan in Congress 56 years
3. Remarks in Phoenix at the 50th Anniversary Dinner Honoring Senator Hayden.
4. Dozen Key Men in Congress Cabell Phillips
5. Cannon vs. Hayden: A Clash of Elderly Power Personalities in Congress Cabell Phillips
6. August pp. 16, 20
7. Rice pp. 17-19, 33-34
8. August pp. 24-25
9. Rice pp. 21,27-28
10. Johnson pp. 152
11. August pp. 25-26
12. Rice pp. 170
13. August pp. 32
14. Rice pp. 33
15. August pp. 28
16. August pp. 30
17. Rice pp. 35
18. Old Frontiersman, , , , Time, February 09, 1962
19. Rice pp. 39-40
20. Rice pp. 46
21. August pp. 48
22. Rice pp. 90
23. August pp. 49-50
24. Johnson pp. 154
25. August pp. 50-51
26. August pp. 55
27. August pp. 59-60
28. August pp. 62, 66
29. Rice pp. 170-171
30. Seven States Dispute Over Boulder Dam L.C. Speers
31. August pp. 73-94
32. August pp. 130
33. Rice pp. 190
34. August pp. 133-135
35. Rice pp. 113-117
36. August pp. 135-136
37. August pp. 140
38. Rice pp. 96
39. Rice pp. 98
40. August pp. 143
41. Rice pp. 161-166
42. New Impetus Given to Reviving Silver
43. Rice pp. 69
44. Rice pp. 173
45. Rice pp. 171
46. Rice pp. 53-54
47. Mrs. Carl Hayden
48. August pp. 69
49. August pp. 150, 157-158, 166
50. Rice pp. 195
51. August pp. 168-174
52. August pp. 175-176
53. Rice pp. 99
54. Ban on Pamphlet Defied by Hayden
55. 2d Judge Upsets Ban on Pamphlet
56. Rice pp. 196
57. Rice pp. 214
58. Hayden, 46 Years in Congress, Gets Bipartisan Tribute
59. Rice pp. 206
60. Hayden is Now Second in Line for Presidency
61. The Men in Line for the Presidency Now, , , , U.S. News & World Report, December 2, 1963
62. Johnson pp. 156
63. Rice pp. 144
64. Hayden's Rough Rider, , , , Time, October 20, 1967
65. Carl Hayden Day
66. August pp. 69
67. Johnson pp. 153
68. Rice pp. 41
69. The Silent Senator
70. Senator Hayden, 84, Will Mark Half-Century in Congress Today Russell Baker
71. August pp. 35-39
72. August pp. 42
73. Rice pp. 225
74. August pp. 128-130
75. Arizona Inquiry Ordered
76. Rice pp. 231-234
77. Rice pp. 234
78. Rice pp. 234-235
79. For Distinguished Service in Congress William Benton
80. August pp. 178-179
81. August 179-181
82. Arizona: Message Received, , , , Time, November 16, 1962
83. Rice pp. 278-281
84. August pp. 201
85. Hayden's Era: The Senator Who Changed the Face of The West, , , , U.S. News & World Report, May 20, 1968
86. August pp. 206-207
87. August pp. 207
88. Rice pp. 180
89. Rice pp. 101-102
90. Name for Bee Center Approved
91. Carl T. Hayden VA Medical Center - Press Kit - Our History, Leadership and Values
92. Carl Hayden


★ Vision in the Desert: Carl Hayden and Hydropolitics in the American Southwest, , Jack L., Jr., August, Texas Christian University Press, 1999, ISBN 0-87565-310-3

★ Arizona Politicians: The Noble and the Notorious, , James W., Johnson, University of Arizona Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8165-2203-0

★ Carl Hayden: Builder of the American West, , Ross R., Rice, University Press of America, 1994, ISBN 0-8191-9399-2

Further reading

★ Carl Hayden: Quiet History Maker

★ August, Jack L., Jr. The Hayden Versus Mecham US Senate Campaign of 1962 from Arizona Historical Foundation

External links

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