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EspañolCEBUANO LANGUAGE
: ''Cebuano redirects here. For the inhabitants of Cebu, see Cebuano people''
'Cebuano', also known as 'Sugboanon', is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20,000,000 people (according to Ethnologue). It is a subgroup or member of 'Bisaya', 'Visayan' and 'Binisayâ'. The name came from the Philippine island of Cebu, with the Spanish suffix '-ano' meaning native, of a place, added at the end. Cebuano is given the ISO 639-2 three letter code ''ceb'', but has no ISO 639-1 two letter code.
Cebuano is a member of the Visayan language family.
Cebuano is spoken natively by the inhabitants of Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental and some parts of Leyte and the Samar islands and throughout Mindanao. It is also spoken in a few towns and islands in Samar. Until 1975, Cebuano surpassed Tagalog in terms of number of native speakers. Some dialects of Cebuano give different names to the language. Residents of Bohol may refer to Cebuano as ''Bol-anon'' while Cebuano-speakers in Leyte may call their dialect ''Kana''.
It is also spoken by Warays in Samar and Leyte, Porohanon in Poro, Ilonggos in Negros Oriental, Eskaya in Bohol, and by native (like Atas, Bagobos, and Butuanons) and migrant Filipino ethnic groups (like Ilocanos and Ilonggos), and foreign ethnic groups (like Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans) in Mindanao as second language. Cebuano is a language with Verb Subject Object sentence order. It uses prepositions rather than postpositions. Nouns come after adjectives, but before genitives or relative phrases.
Cebuano has sixteen consonants: p, t, k, (the glottal stop), b, d, g, m, n, ng, s, h, w, l, r and y. There are three vowels: i, a, and u/o. The vowels 'u' and 'o' are allophones, with 'u' always being used when it is the beginning of a syllable, and 'o' always used when it ends a syllable. But there are some exceptions, like ''kamatuoran'' (truth) and ''hangtúd'' (until). When Spanish arrived, 'e' has been added, but exclusive to foreign loanwords. Accent is also a distinguisher of words, so that ''dápit'' means "to invite", while ''dapít'' means "near" or "nearby place". Consonants '[d]' and '[]' were once allophones, but cannot interchange, like ''kabunturan'' (uplands) [from ''buntód'', mountain] is correct but not ''kabuntudan'' and ''tagadihá'' (from there) [from ''dihá'', there] is correct but not ''tagarihá''.
Nouns in Cebuano are inflected for person, number, and case.
The four cases are nominative, preposed genitive, postposed genitive, and oblique.
Cebuano, like most other Austronesian languages, makes use of the inclusive and exclusive we. This distinction, not found in most European languages, signifies whether or not the addressee is included in the pronoun "we."
Examples:
Moadto 'kami' sa sinehan.
"'We' (someone else and I, but not you) will go to the movies."
Moadto 'kita' sa sinehan.
"'We' (you and I, and perhaps someone else) will go to the movies."
lie
Cebuano has long borrowed words from Spanish, such as ''krus'' [''cruz''] (cross), ''swerte'' [''suerte''] (luck), and ''brilyante'' [''brillante''] (brilliant). It has several hundred loan words from English as well, which are altered to conform to the limited phonemic inventory of Cebuano: ''brislit'' (bracelet), ''hayskul'' (high school), ''syapin'' (shopping), ''dikstrus'' (dextrose), ''sipir'' (zipper), ''bigsyat'' (big shot), or ''prayd tsikin'' (fried chicken), "espisyal"(special). There are also words from other languages like Arabic like ''salamat'' (thanks) and religious words like ''imam'' and ''Islam'', and Sanskrit ''mahárlika'' [''mahardikka''] (nobility) and ''karma''.
'The use of asa and hain'
''Asa'' and ''hain'' - both mean ''where'' - have distinct uses in formal Cebuano writing.
''Asa'' is used when asking about a place.
''Asa ka padulong?'' (Where are you going?)
''Asa ta molarga?'' (Where are we travelling to?)
''Hain'' is used when asking about a person or thing.
''Hain na ang gunting?'' (Where is the pair of scissors?)
''Hain na si Arsenia?'' (Where is Arsenia?)
In modern spoken Cebuano, however, ''asa'' is commonly used to replace ''hain''. You can rarely hear ''hain'' being used (and it is usually spoken by old native Cebuanos).
★ I am Miguel de Guia. ''Ako si Miguel de Guia.''
★ May I ask a question? ''Mahimo bang mangutana?'' or ''Puwede ko mangutana?''
★ How are you? ''Kumusta ka?''
★ Good. (I am well.) ''Maayo.''
★ How old are you? ''Pila'y imong idad?''
★ How much? ''Pila?'' or ''Tag-pila?''
★ How many? ''Pila?''
★ I don't know. ''Wala ko kahibalo.'' or ''Ambut.''
★ Good day! ''Maayong adlaw!''
★ Good Morning! ''Maayong buntag!''
★ Good Noon! ''Maayong udto!''
★ Good Afternoon! ''Maayong hapon!'' or ''Maayong Palis!''
★ Good Evening! ''Maayong gabii!''
★ Who are you? "Kinsa ka?" (Informal)
★ When is ''Kanus-ǎ ang''
★ Where do you live? ''Asa ka nagpuyô?''
★ Where are you from? ''Taga-asa ka?''
★ Where are you going? ''Asa ka padulong?''
★ Where are they going? "Asa sila padulong?"
★ Where is ''Asa ang''
★ Where is the bathroom? ''Asa man ang banyo?''
★ Where is the toilet? '' Asa man ang kasilyas?'' or ''Asa man ang CR?'' (CR = English "Comfort Room")
★ Where is the market? ''Asa man ang merkado?''
★ What ''Unsa''
★ What's this? ''Unsa ni?''
★ What's that? ''Unsa nâ?''
★ What should we do? ''Unsay among buhaton?'' or '' Unsay atong buhaton?'' or ''Unsay angay namong buhaton?'' or ''Unsay angay natong buhaton''
★ What is your name? ''Unsay ngalan nimo?'' ''Unsay imong ngalan?'', or colloquially, ''Kinsa'y ngalan nimo?''
★ What number of child are you? ''Ikapila ka sa imong pamilya?'' (Firstborn, secondborn, etc.; common expression in Cebuano, not English)
★ I would like to buy that. ''Gusto ko mopalit anâ.''
★ I would like two of those. ''Gusto ko ug duha anâ.''
★ Hello, my name is Miko. ''Kumusta, Miko akong ngalan.'', or colloquially, ''Ako si Miko.''
★ Shut up ''Hilom!'' or ''Saba!'' although "saba" means loud and sometimes people ridicule this word by being louder instead of being silent
★ Help Me! ''Tabangi ko!''
★ Help! ''Tabang!''
★ Please, help me! "Palihug tabangi ko!" or "Palihug tabangi ako!"
★ Wait a minute ''Kadiyot lang'' or ''Huwat sâ''
★ What time is it? ''Unsa nang (namang) orasa?''
★ It's five o'clock ''Alas singko na''
★ I love you. ''Gihigugma ko ikaw.'' or ''Nahigugma ko nimo.'' or ''Gihigugma tika.'' or ''Gimahal ko ikaw''
★ Take care. ''Pag-ayo-ayo!'' or ''Pag-amping''
★ Take that! (slang) ''Usapa 'na!'' (literally "Chew it!")
★ Ouch! ''Agay!''
★ Don't! ''Ayaw!''
★ Yes ''Oo''
★ No ''Dili''
The use of Tagalog as a basis for Pilipino drew criticism from other Philippine linguistic groups. To some extent, there was active resistance shown against its usage. For instance, the Philippine national anthem is sometimes sung in Cebuano and not in Pilipino in the island province of Cebu. This resistance did not threaten the country's national sovereignty. On the part of the Cebuanos, this may be a mere clamor for linguistic recognition. Their clamor for recognition might be based on the following arguments:
1. Historically, Cebu is the first and oldest City in the Philippines. Long before Manila fell into the hands of the Spanish Conquerors in the 16th century, Cebu was already an established trading and military post for the Spaniards.
2. Linguistically, Cebuano is recently, the country's second most widely used language. During the independence, it was the first largest linguistic group. Cebuano, though originally spoken only in the island of Cebu, is now being spoken in many parts of Mindanao, the eastern part of Negros island, and Bohol.
3. Strategically, due to its geographical location, Cebu is the alternate gateway to Manila adding significance to its language. Cebuano is the native language of more regions than Tagalog, being the language with the most native speakers in Region VII (Central Visayas), Region IX (Western Mindanao), Region X (Northern Mindanao), Region XI (Davao Region), Caraga Region, and Region XII (Southern Mindanao), and lingua franca speakers in latter 5 regions. There are also significant number of speakers in Region VI (Western Visayas, mostly in San Carlos City and neighboring areas) and Region VIII (Eastern Visayas, mostly in western Leyte and Southern Leyte). By comparison, Tagalog is the language of the majority in the NCR, Region IV-A, Region IV-B, and Region III (Central Luzon, where Kapampangan and Ilocano also dominate some areas).
★ Visayan languages
★ Languages of the Philippines
★ Boholano language
★ Tagalog - Bisaya - Bikolano - Pangasinan language Online Translator
★ Cebuano English Word Translator
★ Cebuano TV Soap Opera
★ Ethnologue report for Cebuano
★ Banat News Cebu's First Tabloid
★ Bisaya Forums
★ Sun Star Cebu News
★ Cebuano Broadcast Media
★ Bansa.org Cebuano Dictionary
★ Cebuano English Dictionary from Webster's Online Dictionary - the Rosetta Edition
★ Richard Tschumpel's German-Tagalog-Cebuano-English Dictionary
★ Mga Panid sa Kagawasan (Cebuano Writings)
★ Cebuano Studies
★ A short list of popular Cebuano words
★ Another short list of popular Cebuano words and phrases
★ Links to various free Bibles (ebook and otherwise) published in Cebuano
★ Learning Conversational Cebuano
★ Cebuano Lessons
★ Another on-line English Cebuano dictionary
★ Arangkada Wiki
★ Cebuano words recorded by Antonio Pigafetta in 1521 with the help of Enrique of Malacca
★ Comprehensive phrasebook from the Peace Corps
★ TotallyCebu
'Cebuano', also known as 'Sugboanon', is an Austronesian language spoken in the Philippines by about 20,000,000 people (according to Ethnologue). It is a subgroup or member of 'Bisaya', 'Visayan' and 'Binisayâ'. The name came from the Philippine island of Cebu, with the Spanish suffix '-ano' meaning native, of a place, added at the end. Cebuano is given the ISO 639-2 three letter code ''ceb'', but has no ISO 639-1 two letter code.
Cebuano is a member of the Visayan language family.
Geographic distribution
Cebuano is spoken natively by the inhabitants of Cebu, Bohol, Negros Oriental and some parts of Leyte and the Samar islands and throughout Mindanao. It is also spoken in a few towns and islands in Samar. Until 1975, Cebuano surpassed Tagalog in terms of number of native speakers. Some dialects of Cebuano give different names to the language. Residents of Bohol may refer to Cebuano as ''Bol-anon'' while Cebuano-speakers in Leyte may call their dialect ''Kana''.
It is also spoken by Warays in Samar and Leyte, Porohanon in Poro, Ilonggos in Negros Oriental, Eskaya in Bohol, and by native (like Atas, Bagobos, and Butuanons) and migrant Filipino ethnic groups (like Ilocanos and Ilonggos), and foreign ethnic groups (like Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans) in Mindanao as second language. Cebuano is a language with Verb Subject Object sentence order. It uses prepositions rather than postpositions. Nouns come after adjectives, but before genitives or relative phrases.
Predominantly Cebuano-speaking regions in the Philippines.
Sounds
Cebuano has sixteen consonants: p, t, k, (the glottal stop), b, d, g, m, n, ng, s, h, w, l, r and y. There are three vowels: i, a, and u/o. The vowels 'u' and 'o' are allophones, with 'u' always being used when it is the beginning of a syllable, and 'o' always used when it ends a syllable. But there are some exceptions, like ''kamatuoran'' (truth) and ''hangtúd'' (until). When Spanish arrived, 'e' has been added, but exclusive to foreign loanwords. Accent is also a distinguisher of words, so that ''dápit'' means "to invite", while ''dapít'' means "near" or "nearby place". Consonants '[d]' and '[]' were once allophones, but cannot interchange, like ''kabunturan'' (uplands) [from ''buntód'', mountain] is correct but not ''kabuntudan'' and ''tagadihá'' (from there) [from ''dihá'', there] is correct but not ''tagarihá''.
Grammar
Pronouns
Nouns in Cebuano are inflected for person, number, and case.
The four cases are nominative, preposed genitive, postposed genitive, and oblique.
| Absolutive | Ergative₁ (Postposed) | Ergative₂ (Preposed) | Oblique | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| '1st person singular' | ako, ko | nako, ko | akong | kanako, nako |
| '2nd person singular' | ikaw, ka | nimo, mo | imong | kanimo, nimo |
| '3rd person singular' | siya | niya | iyang | kaniya, niya |
| '1st person plural inclusive' | kita, ta | nato | atong | kanato, nato |
| '1st person plural exclusive' | kami, mi | namo | among | kanamo, namo |
| '2nd person plural' | kamo, mo | ninyo | inyong | kaninyo, ninyo |
| '3rd person plural' | sila | nila | ilang | kanila, nila |
Cebuano, like most other Austronesian languages, makes use of the inclusive and exclusive we. This distinction, not found in most European languages, signifies whether or not the addressee is included in the pronoun "we."
Examples:
Moadto 'kami' sa sinehan.
"'We' (someone else and I, but not you) will go to the movies."
Moadto 'kita' sa sinehan.
"'We' (you and I, and perhaps someone else) will go to the movies."
Demonstrative Pronouns
lie
Enclitic Particles
Existential
Interrogative Words
Vocabulary and borrowed words
Cebuano has long borrowed words from Spanish, such as ''krus'' [''cruz''] (cross), ''swerte'' [''suerte''] (luck), and ''brilyante'' [''brillante''] (brilliant). It has several hundred loan words from English as well, which are altered to conform to the limited phonemic inventory of Cebuano: ''brislit'' (bracelet), ''hayskul'' (high school), ''syapin'' (shopping), ''dikstrus'' (dextrose), ''sipir'' (zipper), ''bigsyat'' (big shot), or ''prayd tsikin'' (fried chicken), "espisyal"(special). There are also words from other languages like Arabic like ''salamat'' (thanks) and religious words like ''imam'' and ''Islam'', and Sanskrit ''mahárlika'' [''mahardikka''] (nobility) and ''karma''.
'The use of asa and hain'
''Asa'' and ''hain'' - both mean ''where'' - have distinct uses in formal Cebuano writing.
''Asa'' is used when asking about a place.
''Asa ka padulong?'' (Where are you going?)
''Asa ta molarga?'' (Where are we travelling to?)
''Hain'' is used when asking about a person or thing.
''Hain na ang gunting?'' (Where is the pair of scissors?)
''Hain na si Arsenia?'' (Where is Arsenia?)
In modern spoken Cebuano, however, ''asa'' is commonly used to replace ''hain''. You can rarely hear ''hain'' being used (and it is usually spoken by old native Cebuanos).
Words and phrases
Numbers
| Cardinal | Ordinal | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | usà | úna |
| 2 | duhà | ika-duhà |
| 3 | tulò | ika-tulò |
| 4 | upàt | ika-upàt |
| 5 | limà | ika-limà |
| 6 | unòm | ika-unòm |
| 7 | pitò | ika-pitò |
| 8 | walò | ika-walò |
| 9 | siyàm | ika-siyàm |
| 10 | napú'ô/napulo | ika-napú'ô/ika-napulo |
| 11 | napú'ô'g usá/napulo'g/napulo ug usá/onse (Spanish words are used more than 10) | ika-napú'ô'g usá/ika-napulo'g usá/ika-napulo ug usá/ika-onse |
| 20 | kawhaan/bente | |
| 30 | katlo-an/trenta | |
| 100 | usa ka gatos/syento | |
| 1000 | usa ka libo | |
| 100,000 | usa ka gatos ka libo | |
| 500,000 | lima ka gatos ka libo/tunga sa milyon | |
| 1000000 | usa ka milyon |
Common expressions
★ I am Miguel de Guia. ''Ako si Miguel de Guia.''
★ May I ask a question? ''Mahimo bang mangutana?'' or ''Puwede ko mangutana?''
★ How are you? ''Kumusta ka?''
★ Good. (I am well.) ''Maayo.''
★ How old are you? ''Pila'y imong idad?''
★ How much? ''Pila?'' or ''Tag-pila?''
★ How many? ''Pila?''
★ I don't know. ''Wala ko kahibalo.'' or ''Ambut.''
★ Good day! ''Maayong adlaw!''
★ Good Morning! ''Maayong buntag!''
★ Good Noon! ''Maayong udto!''
★ Good Afternoon! ''Maayong hapon!'' or ''Maayong Palis!''
★ Good Evening! ''Maayong gabii!''
★ Who are you? "Kinsa ka?" (Informal)
★ When is ''Kanus-ǎ ang''
★ Where do you live? ''Asa ka nagpuyô?''
★ Where are you from? ''Taga-asa ka?''
★ Where are you going? ''Asa ka padulong?''
★ Where are they going? "Asa sila padulong?"
★ Where is ''Asa ang''
★ Where is the bathroom? ''Asa man ang banyo?''
★ Where is the toilet? '' Asa man ang kasilyas?'' or ''Asa man ang CR?'' (CR = English "Comfort Room")
★ Where is the market? ''Asa man ang merkado?''
★ What ''Unsa''
★ What's this? ''Unsa ni?''
★ What's that? ''Unsa nâ?''
★ What should we do? ''Unsay among buhaton?'' or '' Unsay atong buhaton?'' or ''Unsay angay namong buhaton?'' or ''Unsay angay natong buhaton''
★ What is your name? ''Unsay ngalan nimo?'' ''Unsay imong ngalan?'', or colloquially, ''Kinsa'y ngalan nimo?''
★ What number of child are you? ''Ikapila ka sa imong pamilya?'' (Firstborn, secondborn, etc.; common expression in Cebuano, not English)
★ I would like to buy that. ''Gusto ko mopalit anâ.''
★ I would like two of those. ''Gusto ko ug duha anâ.''
★ Hello, my name is Miko. ''Kumusta, Miko akong ngalan.'', or colloquially, ''Ako si Miko.''
★ Shut up ''Hilom!'' or ''Saba!'' although "saba" means loud and sometimes people ridicule this word by being louder instead of being silent
★ Help Me! ''Tabangi ko!''
★ Help! ''Tabang!''
★ Please, help me! "Palihug tabangi ko!" or "Palihug tabangi ako!"
★ Wait a minute ''Kadiyot lang'' or ''Huwat sâ''
★ What time is it? ''Unsa nang (namang) orasa?''
★ It's five o'clock ''Alas singko na''
★ I love you. ''Gihigugma ko ikaw.'' or ''Nahigugma ko nimo.'' or ''Gihigugma tika.'' or ''Gimahal ko ikaw''
★ Take care. ''Pag-ayo-ayo!'' or ''Pag-amping''
★ Take that! (slang) ''Usapa 'na!'' (literally "Chew it!")
★ Ouch! ''Agay!''
★ Don't! ''Ayaw!''
★ Yes ''Oo''
★ No ''Dili''
The Clamor for recognition of Cebuano
The use of Tagalog as a basis for Pilipino drew criticism from other Philippine linguistic groups. To some extent, there was active resistance shown against its usage. For instance, the Philippine national anthem is sometimes sung in Cebuano and not in Pilipino in the island province of Cebu. This resistance did not threaten the country's national sovereignty. On the part of the Cebuanos, this may be a mere clamor for linguistic recognition. Their clamor for recognition might be based on the following arguments:
1. Historically, Cebu is the first and oldest City in the Philippines. Long before Manila fell into the hands of the Spanish Conquerors in the 16th century, Cebu was already an established trading and military post for the Spaniards.
2. Linguistically, Cebuano is recently, the country's second most widely used language. During the independence, it was the first largest linguistic group. Cebuano, though originally spoken only in the island of Cebu, is now being spoken in many parts of Mindanao, the eastern part of Negros island, and Bohol.
3. Strategically, due to its geographical location, Cebu is the alternate gateway to Manila adding significance to its language. Cebuano is the native language of more regions than Tagalog, being the language with the most native speakers in Region VII (Central Visayas), Region IX (Western Mindanao), Region X (Northern Mindanao), Region XI (Davao Region), Caraga Region, and Region XII (Southern Mindanao), and lingua franca speakers in latter 5 regions. There are also significant number of speakers in Region VI (Western Visayas, mostly in San Carlos City and neighboring areas) and Region VIII (Eastern Visayas, mostly in western Leyte and Southern Leyte). By comparison, Tagalog is the language of the majority in the NCR, Region IV-A, Region IV-B, and Region III (Central Luzon, where Kapampangan and Ilocano also dominate some areas).
See also
★ Visayan languages
★ Languages of the Philippines
★ Boholano language
External links
★ Tagalog - Bisaya - Bikolano - Pangasinan language Online Translator
★ Cebuano English Word Translator
★ Cebuano TV Soap Opera
★ Ethnologue report for Cebuano
★ Banat News Cebu's First Tabloid
★ Bisaya Forums
★ Sun Star Cebu News
★ Cebuano Broadcast Media
★ Bansa.org Cebuano Dictionary
★ Cebuano English Dictionary from Webster's Online Dictionary - the Rosetta Edition
★ Richard Tschumpel's German-Tagalog-Cebuano-English Dictionary
★ Mga Panid sa Kagawasan (Cebuano Writings)
★ Cebuano Studies
★ A short list of popular Cebuano words
★ Another short list of popular Cebuano words and phrases
★ Links to various free Bibles (ebook and otherwise) published in Cebuano
★ Learning Conversational Cebuano
★ Cebuano Lessons
★ Another on-line English Cebuano dictionary
★ Arangkada Wiki
★ Cebuano words recorded by Antonio Pigafetta in 1521 with the help of Enrique of Malacca
★ Comprehensive phrasebook from the Peace Corps
★ TotallyCebu
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psst.. try this: add to faves
