CHALYBES

The 'Chalybes' (Χάλυβες, Χάλυβοι) (also called Khalib) were a tribe of Classical Antiquity credited with the invention of iron industry.
They settled in north Anatolia, near the shores of the Black Sea, from the Halys to Pharnakeia and Trabzon in the east and as far as Armenia to the south.
Adjacent to the Khalib on the east lived the related Khaldi/Kardu people.
The Khalib and Khaldi are related to the Hattians and Urartu.

Contents

Continuing linguistic effects

Bibliography

Continuing linguistic effects

Χάλυψ, the tribe's name in Greek, means "tempered iron, steel", a term which passed into Latin as ''chalybs'' - "steel". That, in turn, is cited as a possible origin for ''Excalibur'', the name of King Arthur's legendary sword.

Bibliography

★ Giorgi Leon Kavtaradze: ''Probleme der historischen Geographie Anatoliens und Transkaukasiens im ersten Jahrtausend v. Chr.'', in: Orbis Terrarum 2 (1996) S. 191-216 [1].

★ Дэвид Лэнг (''David Marshall Lang''): ''Грузины. Хранители святынь'', Москва. Центрполиграф, 2006. pp. 71-72