CHARLES BIRGER

'Charlston Birger' (1881 - April 19, 1928) was an American mobster during the Prohibition period in southern Illinois. His real name was Shachna Itzik Birger. Most reports say he was born in Russia and his family immigrated to the U.S. when Charlie was a very small child.

Contents

Origins

War with the Ku Klux Klan

War with the Shelton Brothers

The Hanging of Charlie Birger

References

External links

Origins

The Birger family settled near East St. Louis, Illinois in Glen Carbon, Illinois, where Charlie attended school. He enlisted in the 13th Cavalry at the outbreak of the Spanish American War. Most reports say he rode up San Juan Hill with Teddy Roosevelt. After the war, he went to South Dakota where he worked as a cowboy. He eventually returned to Illinois, where he became saloon keeper.
After World War I, the United States adopted national prohibition, which prohibited the sale or consumption of alcoholic beverages in the entire country. Charlie saw this as a business opportunity. He became a bootlegger, reportedly with $100 he borrowed from Teddy Roosevelt.
Charlie's initial base of operation was Harrisburg, in the Little Egypt region of Illinois. The authorities in Saline County eventually invited him to leave, after which he built a fortified speakeasy named ''Shady Rest'' just on the other side of the county line, in Williamson County. Shady Rest was located off old Highway 13, about half way between Harrisburg and Marion. A small barbecue stand located just off the highway served as the guard shack.

War with the Ku Klux Klan

Charlie Birger and the rival Shelton Brothers Gang fought for control of the coal fields of Southern Illinois, but their attention was soon diverted by a common enemy. In the 1920s the Ku Klux Klan supported prohibition. Alcohol was viewed as an "unamerican" vice practiced by immigrants, many of whom belonged to the Catholic Church and other religions. Many immigrants worked the coal mines of Southern Illinois, living mainly in very small towns with a strong ethnic identity. Alcohol was a part of their life, and bootlegging came naturally to them.
In the spring of 1923, the Klan began organizing in Williamson County, holding meetings attended by more than 5000 people. The Klan drew its support from both the farming community and people in the larger towns, the latter being mainly of southern origin and followed the Baptist and other traditional Protestant faiths.
The Klan soon found a charismatic leader in S. Glenn Young, who was a former federal law enforcement officer. Large mobs began going door to door searching houses for alcohol. If alcohol was found, the occupants were taken to Klan prisons. Federal authorities had apparently deputized the Klan to aid in the enforcement of Prohibition.
Many of the elected public officials of Williamson County were perceived as being allies of the bootleggers, perhaps correctly. Many elected public officials were driven from office and replaced by Klansmen. The State was either unable or unwilling to step in to reestablish lawful authority.
On January 241925, a Herrin, Illinois, police officer walked into a cigar store. Upon seeing the Klan leader S. Glenn Young, the officer drew his pistol. When it was over, the police officer lay dead, along with Young and his bodyguards. The Klan held a funeral for its leader that was attended by more than 15,000 people.
In April 1926, Charlie Birger and the Shelton Brothers joined forces to attack the remaining Klan leaders in Herrin, with Tommy guns and shotguns. Often the police were called but did not respond. The Klan was left to bury its own dead and the coroner ruled that the deaths were homicides "by parties unknown."
Although the Klan's losses were not very numerous, the Herrin attack broke the back of the Klan. Lawfully elected officials returned to their offices, and Birger and the Shelton Brothers got back to business.

War with the Shelton Brothers

Birger regarded Harrisburg as his home town. He had prohibited robbery in Harrisburg. When a small shop owner was robbed, Charlie publicly made good the owner's losses and a small time crook was found shot to death a few days later. This precipitated the beginning of the war with the Shelton Brothers Gang.
By October 1926, the Birger and Shelton Gangs were at war. Both gangs built "tanks", which were trucks converted into armored vehicles from which they could shoot. The Shelton Gang unsuccessfully bombed Shady Rest from the air. Many people were killed during the war with the Sheltons and it was not always clear whose side they were on.
Three of deaths became especially important in the Birger story.
Joe Adams was the mayor of West City, Illinois a village close to Benton, Illinois. Charlie Birger learned that the Sheltons' tank was in Joe Adams's garage for repairs. Birger demanded the tank. When Adams failed to turn it over, Birger's men attacked and burned the garage.
In December 1926, two men appeared at Joe Adams's house, announcing that they "had a letter from Carl [Shelton]". They handed a letter to Adams. As he started to read it, they drew pistols and shot him dead.
In January 1927, the Shady Rest was destroyed by a series of large explosions and a fire. Four bodies were found in the ruins, charred beyond recognition. Although this was widely perceived as a decisive blow by the Sheltons, some believed that Birger himself blew the place up.
At about the same time state trooper Lory Price and his wife went missing. Price was widely believed to be associated with the Birger gang. He had been running a scam in which Birger would steal cars and hide them until a reward was offered. The trooper would then act as though he had found the cars and split the reward with Birger.
As the story eventually developed, Birger kidnapped the trooper and his wife. Two of Birger's men took the wife away, shot her, and threw her body down an abandoned mine shaft, followed by debris to cover the body.
Birger took the trooper to the ruins of Shady Rest and accused him of helping in the attack. Birger shot the trooper three times and he was placed, still alive, into the back of a car. The trooper came to several times to beg for mercy. Birger had to get out of the car at one point to vomit and remarked "I don't know what in the hell's the matter with me. Every time I kill a man, it makes me sick afterwards. I guess it's my stomach." (Source). They then dragged the trooper into a field and executed him.
When the story broke five months later, coal miners assembled at the mine shaft to search for the trooper's wife. They worked in relays for two and a half days until they found the body. Although the Trooper was regarded as a gangster, the killing of his wife and the manner of disposal of her body went beyond any standard of decency. Public opinion turned against Charlie Birger.

The Hanging of Charlie Birger

In June 1927, Charlie Birger was arrested for the murder of Joe Adams. Birger allowed himself to be taken into custody without a fight. He had been arrested many times, and had always been released a few days later, but he may not have realized that he was being arrested in Franklin County, and that he did not control that County like he had controlled Williamson County.
Birger and two other men who had helped with the killings were convicted, however only Birger was sentenced to hang for the crime. Birger objected that it was not fair that he should hang while the confessed trigger man was sentenced to prison. Charlie Birger was hanged for the murder of Joe Adams on April 191928 at the Franklin County Jail in Benton. At his request he was accompanied to the gallows by a Rabbi and wore a black hood rather than a white one, as he did not want to be confused for a Klansmen. He was the last man to be executed in a public hanging in Illinois.
Birger is buried in Chesed Shel Emeth jewish cemetary in the University Park area of St. Louis, Mo. His rectangular marker bears his real name of Shachna Itzik Birger. His sister (Ray Shamsky) and his daughter are buried nearby.
In 2006 the granddaughter of the sheriff who supervised the execution sued the local historical museum in an attempt to gain possession of the noose used in the hanging.

References

★ "A Knight of Another Sort", Gary DeNeal, Southern Illinois University Press, 1998 Second Edition

★ "Bloody Williamson", Paul M. Angle, Alfred A. Knopf, 1952

★ "Charlie and the Shawneetown Dame", Donald Bain, 1978

★ "Legal Flap Brews in Illinois Over Noose", New York Times, December 16, 2006

External links

★ WSIU-TV documentary (2003)

★ I've Killed Men, Woodbox Gang (soundtrack to WSIU-TV documentary ) 2003

★ Crime in Southern Illinois: Birger & his Boys by Rich Davis

★ Legal Flap Brewing Over Ownership of Noose Used in Illinois' Last Public Hanging