CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER

The 'Chestnut-sided Warbler', ''Dendroica pensylvanica'', is a New World warbler. They breed in eastern North America and in southern Canada. They also breed in the Great Lakes region and in the eastern USA.
These birds are migratory, wintering in Central America, and they are very rare vagrants to western Europe.
In the summer, male Chestnut-sided Warblers are unmistakable in appearance. They display dark-streaked gray backs, white faces, black eyestripes and greenish crowns. Their underparts are white, with chestnut flanks, and they also have two white wing bars. The adult females resemble washed-out versions of the summer male, and in particular, the females lack the strong head pattern, and also have less chestnut coloring on their flanks.
Non-breeding birds of both sexes have greenish heads, and greenish upperparts which are usually unstreaked. They also have unstreaked pale grey breasts. Their wing bars are always present in their plumages. Their lack of streaking helps to distinguish this species from the Blackpoll Warbler outside the breeding season.
Chestnut-sided Warblers' songs are whistled ''pleased, pleased, pleased to meecha'' songs. Their calls are harsh ''chip''s. Their cup-shaped nests are placed in a low bush, which is usually located in young deciduous woodland or scrub. These birds lay 3-5 eggs. Their species, sadly, is frequently parasitized by cowbirds.
Chestnut-sided Warblers are insectivorous, but will include berries in their winter diets. They forage actively in shrubs and small trees, and sometimes will attempt to catch insects in mid-air.
This bird's numbers have increased as second growth forest became more common in the east in the late 19th century; their numbers have declined slightly since then.

Contents

References

External links

Further reading

Thesis

Articles

References

★ Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

★ ''New World Warblers'' by Curson, Quinn and Beadle, ISBN 0-7136-3932-6

External links

★ Chestnut-sided Warbler videos on the Internet Bird Collection

★ Chestnut-sided Warbler - ''Dendroica Pensylvanica'' - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter

★ Chestnut-sided Warbler Species Account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology

★ Chestnut-sided Warbler Information - South Dakota Birds and Birding

Further reading

Thesis

★ Byers BE. Ph.D. (1995). ''Development, variation, and use of two song categories by chestnut-sided warblers''. University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States -- Massachusetts.

★ Greenberg RS. Ph.D. (1981). ''THE WINTER EXPLOITATION SYSTEMS OF BAY-BREASTED AND CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLERS IN PANAMA''. University of California, Berkeley, United States -- California.

★ Hamady MA. Ph.D. (2000). ''An ecosystem approach to assessing the effects of forest heterogeneity and disturbance on birds of the northern hardwood forest in Michigan's Upper Peninsula''. Michigan State University, United States -- Michigan.

★ King DI. Ph.D. (1999). ''Ecology of mature-forest and early-successional-shrubland birds in managed temperate deciduous forests''. University of Massachusetts Amherst, United States -- Massachusetts.

★ Kingsley AL. M.Sc. (1998). ''Response of birds and vegetation to the first cut of the uniform shelterwood silvicultural system in the white pine forests of Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario''. Trent University (Canada), Canada.

★ Mahony NA. M.Sc. (1995). ''A comparison of the breeding success of black-capped chickadees and chestnut-sided warblers in healthy and declining sugar maple forests in Central Ontario''. Trent University (Canada), Canada.

★ Woodcock JM. M.Sc. (1997). ''Effects of manual, mechanical, and aerial herbicide conifer release on songbird numbers in regenerating spruce plantations in northwestern Ontario''. Lakehead University (Canada), Canada.

Articles

★ Andrew PJ, Erica N & Dennis RV. (2004). ''EFFECTS OF SELECTION CUTTING ON BIRD COMMUNITIES IN CONTIGUOUS EASTERN HARDWOOD FORESTS''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '68', no 1. p. 51.

★ Brooks MA, Harrigan BC, Johnson KM, Lowe DE, Lowery JP, McGlothlin JW, Sasso MM, Smith SA & Cristol DA. (2001). ''Revisit schedule does not affect results of point counts''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '72', no 3. p. 404-411.

★ Bruce EB. (2007). ''Extrapair paternity in chestnut-sided warblers is correlated with consistent vocal performance''. Behavioral Ecology. vol '18', no 1. p. 130.

★ Bruce EB & David IK. (2000). ''Singing by female Chestnut-sided Warblers''. The Wilson Bulletin. vol '112', no 4. p. 547.

★ Bruce EB, Herman LM, Jr., Ian RKS & David FW. (2004). ''EXTRAPAIR PATERNITY INCREASES VARIABILITY IN MALE REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS IN THE CHESTNUT-SIDED WARBLER (DENDROICA PENSYLVANICA), A SOCIALLY MONOGAMOUS SONGBIRD''. The Auk. vol '121', no 3. p. 788.

★ Burris JM & Haney AW. (2005). ''Bird communities after blowdown in a late-successional Great Lakes spruce-fir forest''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '117', no 4. p. 341-352.

★ Byers BE. (1995). ''Song types, repertoires and song variability in a population of chestnut-sided warblers''. Condor. vol '97', no 2. p. 390-401.

★ Byers BE. (1996). ''Geographic variation of song form within and among chestnut-sided warbler populations''. Auk. vol '113', no 2. p. 288-299.

★ Byers BE. (1996). ''Messages encoded in the songs of chestnut-sided warblers''. Animal Behaviour. vol '52', no 4. p. 691-705.

★ Byers BE & King DI. (2000). ''Singing by female Chestnut-sided Warblers''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '112', no 4. p. 547-550.

★ Byers BE & Kroodsma DE. (1992). ''Development of two song categories by chestnut-sided warblers''. Animal Behaviour. vol '44', no 5. p. 799-810.

★ Byers BE, Mays HL, Jr., Stewart IRK & Westneat DF. (2004). ''Extrapair paternity increases variability in male reproductive success in the chestnut-sided warbler (Dendroica pensylvanica), a socially monogamous songbird''. Auk. vol '121', no 3. p. 788-795.

★ David IK & Bruce EB. (2002). ''An evaluation of powerline rights-of-way as habitat for early-successional shrubland birds''. Wildlife Society Bulletin. vol '30', no 3. p. 868.

★ David IK, Richard MD & Curtice RG. (2001). ''Plumage coloration and reproductive success in male Chestnut-sided Warblers''. The Wilson Bulletin. vol '113', no 2. p. 239.

★ Doyon F, Gagnon D & Giroux J-F. (2005). ''Effects of strip and single-tree selection cutting on birds and their habitat in a Southwestern Quebec northern hardwood forest''. Forest Ecology & Management. vol '209', no 1-2. p. 101-115.

★ Freedman B, Beauchamp C, McLaren IA & Tingley SI. (1981). ''Forestry Management Practices and Populations of Breeding Birds in a Hardwood Forest in Nova-Scotia Canada''. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol '95', no 3. p. 307-311.

★ Gradwohl J & Greenberg R. (1980). ''The Formation of Antwren Flocks on Barro-Colorado Island Panama''. Auk. vol '97', no 2. p. 385-395.

★ Greenberg R. (1983). ''Role of Neophobia in Determining the Degree of Foraging Specialization in Some Migrant Warblers''. American Naturalist. vol '122', no 4. p. 444-453.

★ Greenberg R. (1984). ''Differences in Feeding Neophobia in the Tropical Migrant Wood Warblers Dendroica-Castanea and Dendroica-Pensylvanica''. Journal of Comparative Psychology. vol '98', no 2. p. 131-136.

★ Greenberg R. (1984). ''Neophobia in the Foraging Site Selection of a Neotropical Migrant Bird an Experimental Study''. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. vol '81', no 12. p. 3778-3780.

★ Greenberg R. (1985). ''A Comparison of Foliage Discrimination Learning in a Specialist and a Generalist Species of Migrant Wood Warbler Aves Parulidae''. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol '63', no 4. p. 773-776.

★ Hanowski J, Danz N, Lind J & Niemi G. (2003). ''Breeding bird response to riparian forest harvest and harvest equipment''. Forest Ecology & Management. vol '174', no 1-3. p. 315-328.

★ Hobson KA & Bayne E. (2000). ''Breeding bird communities in boreal forest of western Canada: Consequences of "unmixing" the mixedwoods''. Condor. vol '102', no 4. p. 759-769.

★ Hobson KA & Bayne E. (2000). ''The effects of stand age on avian communities in aspen-dominated forests of central Saskatchewan, Canada''. Forest Ecology & Management. vol '136', no 1-3. p. 121-134.

★ Holmes SB, Burke DM, Elliott KA, Cadman MD & Friesen L. (2004). ''Partial cutting of woodlots in an agriculture-dominated landscape: effects on forest bird communities''. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. vol '34', no 12. p. 2467-2476.

★ Holmes SB & Pitt DG. (2007). ''Response of bird communities to selection harvesting in a northern tolerant hardwood forest''. Forest Ecology & Management. vol '238', no 1-3. p. 280-292.

★ Howe HF & De Steven D. (1979). ''Fruit Production Migrant Bird Visitation and Seed Dispersal of Guarea-Glabra in Panama''. Oecologia. vol '39', no 2. p. 185-196.

★ Jobes AP, Nol E & Voigt DR. (2004). ''Effects of selection cutting on bird communities in contiguous eastern hardwood forests''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '68', no 1. p. 51-60.

★ John MB & Alan WH. (2005). ''BIRD COMMUNITIES AFTER BLOWDOWN IN A LATE-SUCCESSIONAL GREAT LAKES SPRUCE-FIR FOREST''. The Wilson Bulletin. vol '117', no 4. p. 341.

★ King DI & Byers BE. (2002). ''An evaluation of powerline rights-of-way as habitat for early-successional shrubland birds''. Wildlife Society Bulletin. vol '30', no 3. p. 868-874.

★ King DI & Degraaf RM. (2004). ''Effects of group-selection opening size on the distribution and reproductive success of an early-successional shrubland bird''. Forest Ecology & Management. vol '190', no 2-3. p. 179-185.

★ King DI, Degraaf RM & Griffin CR. (2001). ''Plumage coloration and reproductive success in male Chestnut-sided Warblers''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '113', no 2. p. 239-242.

★ King DI, Degraaf RM & Griffin CR. (2001). ''Productivity of early successional shrubland birds in clearcuts and groupcuts in an eastern deciduous forest''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '65', no 2. p. 345-350.

★ Klaus NA, Buehler DA & Saxton AM. (2005). ''Forest management alternatives and songbird breeding habitat on the Cherokee National Forest, Tennessee''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '69', no 1. p. 222-234.

★ Kroodsma DE. (1981). ''Geographical Variation and Functions of Song Types in Warblers Parulidae''. Auk. vol '98', no 4. p. 743-751.

★ Kroodsma DE, Bereson RC, Byers BE & Minear E. (1989). ''Use of Song Types by the Chestnut-Sided Warbler Evidence for Both Intra and Inter-Sexual Functions''. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol '67', no 2. p. 447-456.

★ Lein MR. (1978). ''Song Variation in a Population of Chestnut-Sided Warblers Dendroica-Pensylvanica Its Nature and Suggested Significance''. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol '56', no 6. p. 1266-1283.

★ Mahony N, Nol E & Hutchinson T. (1997). ''Food-chain chemistry, reproductive success, and foraging behaviour of songbirds in acidified maple forests of central Ontario''. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol '75', no 4. p. 509-517.

★ Marshall JS & VanDruff LW. (2002). ''Impact of selective herbicide right-of-way vegetation treatment on birds''. Environmental Management. vol '30', no 6. p. 801-806.

★ Millikin RL & Smith JNM. (1990). ''Sublethal Effects of Fenitrothion on Forest Passerines''. Journal of Applied Ecology. vol '27', no 3. p. 983-1000.

★ Moore T. (1993). ''Early chestnut-sided warbler in Gwinnett County''. Oriole. vol '58', no 1-4.

★ Morgan K & Freedman B. (1985). ''Breeding Bird Communities in a Hardwood Forest Succession in Nova Scotia Canada''. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol '100', no 4. p. 506-519.

★ Morneau F, Doucet GJ, Giguere M & Laperle M. (1999). ''Breeding bird species richness associated with a powerline right-of-way in a northern mixed forest landscape''. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol '113', no 4. p. 598-604.

★ Nathan AK, David AB & Arnold MS. (2005). ''FOREST MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES AND SONGBIRD BREEDING HABITAT ON THE CHEROKEE NATIONAL FOREST, TENNESSEE''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '69', no 1. p. 222.

★ Niemi GJ & Hanowski JM. (1984). ''Relationships of Breeding Birds to Habitat Characteristics in Logged Areas''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '48', no 2. p. 438-443.

★ Paul GR & Margaret CB. (2002). ''Habitat use and behavior of mixed species landbird flocks during fall migration''. The Wilson Bulletin. vol '114', no 1. p. 87.

★ Payne RB, Payne LL & Doehlert SM. (1984). ''Interspecific Song Learning in a Wild Chestnut-Sided Warbler Dendroica-Pennsylvanica''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '96', no 2. p. 292-294.

★ Peacock M. (1993). ''Chestnut-sided warbler: New to the Western Palearctic''. British Birds. vol '86', no 2. p. 57-61.

★ Ports MA. (1981). ''Miscellaneous Summer Records of Birds from Southwestern Kansas USA''. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science. vol '84', no 2. p. 109-114.

★ Rodewald PG & Brittingham MC. (2002). ''Habitat use and behavior of mixed species landbird flocks during fall migration''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '114', no 1. p. 87-98.

★ Schulte LA & Niemi GJ. (1998). ''Bird communities of early-successional burned and logged forest''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '62', no 4. p. 1418-1429.

★ Schwalbe PW. (1992). ''Chestnut-sided warbler Dendroica pensylvanica''. Brauning, D. vol 'W', p. Atlas of breeding birds in Pennsylvania.

★ Sodhi NS & Paszkowski CA. (1995). ''Habitat use and foraging behavior of four parulid warblers in a second-growth forest''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '66', no 2. p. 277-288.

★ Stephen BH, Dawn MB, Ken AE, Michael DC & Lyle F. (2004). ''Partial cutting of woodlots in an agriculture-dominated landscape: effects on forest bird communities''. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. vol '34', no 12. p. 2467.

★ Stewart PA. (1986). ''Fall Migration of Twelve Species of Wood Warblers through Coastal Virginia USA''. North American Bird Bander. vol '11', no 3. p. 83-88.

★ Talbott SC & Yahner RH. (2003). ''Temporal and spatial use of even-aged reproduction stands by bird communities in central Pennsylvania''. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry. vol '20', no 3. p. 117-123.