العربية
中国
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिन्दी
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
EspañolCHEW STOKE
'Chew Stoke' is a small village and civil parish in the Chew Valley, in Somerset, England, about south of Bristol. It is at the northern edge of the Mendip Hills, a region designated by the United Kingdom as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and is within the Bristol/Bath Green Belt. The parish includes the hamlet of Breach Hill, which is approximately southwest of Chew Stoke itself.
Chew Stoke has a long history, as shown by the number and range of its heritage-listed buildings. The village is at the northern end of Chew Valley Lake, which was created in the 1950s, close to a dam, pumping station, sailing club, and fishing lodge. A tributary of the River Chew, which rises in Strode, runs through the village.
The population, approximately 900, is served by one shop, two public houses, a primary school and a bowling club. With Chew Magna, it forms the ward of Chew Valley North in the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset. Chew Valley School for secondary pupils and its associated leisure centre is less than a mile (1.6 km) away from Chew Stoke. The village has some areas of light industry, but is largely agricultural; many residents commute to nearby cities for employment.
History
Village sign depicting the Pack Horse Bridge, St Andrew's Church and a Bilbie bell (and bell-foundry worker)
Prehistory
Archaeological excavations carried out between 1953 and 1955, by Philip Rahtz and Ernest Greenfield from the Ministry of Works, found evidence of extensive human occupation of the area. Consecutive habitation, spanning thousands of years from the Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods (Old, Middle and New Stone Age), to the Bronze and Iron Ages, had left numerous artifacts behind. Discoveries have included stone knives, flint blades, and the head of a mace, along with buildings and graves.[1]
Romano-Celtic temple
Chew Stoke is the site of a Romano-Celtic double-octagonal temple, possibly dedicated to the god Mercury. The temple, on Pagans Hill, was excavated by Philip Rahtz between 1949 and 1951. It consisted of an inner wall, which formed the sanctuary, surrounded by an outer wall forming an ambulatory, or covered walkway, across. It was first built in the late 3rd century but was twice rebuilt, finally collapsing in the 5th century.[2] The siting of the temple on what is now known as Pagans Hill may seem apt, but there is no evidence for any link between the existence of the temple and the naming of the road.[3]
Middle Ages
During the Middle Ages, farming was the most important activity in the area, and farming, both arable and dairy, continues today. There were also orchards producing fruits such as apples, pears, and plums.1 Evidence exists of lime kilns, used in the production of mortar for the construction of local churches.
In the Domesday Book of 1086, Chew Stoke was listed as ''Chiwestoche'', and was recorded as belonging to Gilbert Fitz-Turold. He conspired with the Duke of Normandy against King William Rufus, and subsequently, all his lands were seized. The next recorded owner was Lord Beauchamp of Hache. He became "lord of the manor" when the earls of Gloucester, with hereditary rights to Chew Stoke, surrendered them to him.[4] According to Stephen Robinson, the author of ''Somerset Place Names'', the village was then known as ''Chew Millitus'', suggesting that it may have had some military potential. The name "Stoke", from the old English ''stoc'', meaning a stockade, may support that idea.[5] Little appears to have been written about this or subsequent periods in the history of the village.
Bilbie family of bell and clockmakers
Bilbie bell kept in St Andrews Church as a memorial to the family.
The Bilbie family of bell founders and clockmakers lived and worked in Chew Stoke for more than 200 years, from the late 1600s until the 1800s. They produced more than 1,350 church bells, which were hung in churches all over the West Country. Their oldest surviving bell, cast in 1698, is still giving good service in St Andrew's Church. Bilbie clocks date from 1724, and are highly prized. They are mostly longcase clocks, the cheapest with 30-hour movements in modest oak cases, but some have high quality eight-day movements with additional features, such as showing the high tide at Bristol docks. These latter clocks were fitted into quality cabinet maker cases, and now command high prices.[6][7]
Recent history
In the 20th century, Chew Stoke expanded slightly with the influx of residents from the Chew Valley Lake area. These new residents were moved to Chew Stoke when the lake was created in the 1950s.1 In World War II, 42 children and three teachers, who had been evacuated from Avenmore school in London, were accommodated in the village.4 On 10 July 1968, torrential rainfall led to widespread flooding in the Chew Valley, and water reached the first floor of many buildings.4 The damage in Chew Stoke was not as severe as in some of the surrounding villages, such as Pensford; however, fears that the Chew Valley Lake dam would be breached caused considerable anxiety in the locality.[8]
On 4 February 2001, Her Royal Highness Anne, Princess Royal opened the Rural Housing Trust development at Salway Close.[9] Each year, over a weekend in September, a "Harvest Home" is held with horse and pet shows, bands, a fun fair, and a variety of other entertainments. The Radford's factory site, which used to manufacture refrigeration equipment, was identified as a Brownfield Site suitable for residential development in the 2002 Draft Local Plan of Bath and North East Somerset.[10] That plan has generated some controversy, centring on the issue of properly balancing the use of the land between residential, social, and employment needs.[11][12]
Governance
Chew Stoke has its own parish council with responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council’s operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also the responsibility of the council.[13]
The village is part of the ward of Chew Valley North in the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset, which has the wider responsibility for the provision of services such as education, refuse collection, and tourism. It is currently represented by Councillor Malcolm Hannay, a member of the Conservative Party.[14] It is also part of the Wansdyke constituency, which will become North East Somerset at the next general election, and part of the South West England constituency of the European Parliament. The sitting Member of Parliament for Wansdyke is Dan Norris, a member of the Labour Party.
Geography
Pictorial map of Chew Stoke.
The area of Chew Stoke is surrounded by arable land and dairy farms on the floor of the Chew Valley. It is located along the Strode Brook tributary of the River Chew, on the northwest side of the Chew Valley Lake. While much of the area has been cleared for farming, trees line the tributary and many of the roads. The village is built along the main thoroughfare, Bristol Road, which runs northeast to southwest. An older centre is located along Pilgrims Way, which loops onto Bristol Road and features an old stone packhorse bridge—now pedestrianized—and a 1950s Irish bridge, used as a ford in winter. Houses line both of these roads, with residential cul-de-sacs and lanes extending from them.
Chew Stoke is approximately south of Bristol, from Bath, and from Keynsham. It is south of Chew Magna on the B3130 road that joins the A37 and A38. The A368 crosses the valley west of the lake. The "Chew Valley Explorer" bus route 672/674, running from Bristol Bus Station to Cheddar, provides public transport access. This service is operated by Eurotaxis and subsidised by Bath and North East Somerset council.[15] In 2002, a cycle route, the Chew Lake West Green Route, was opened around the western part of the lake from Chew Stoke. It forms part of the Padstow to Bristol West Country Way, National Cycle Network Route 3. It has all-weather surfacing, providing a smooth off-road facility for ramblers, mobility-challenged visitors, and cyclists of all abilities. Funding was provided by Bath and North East Somerset Council, with the support of Sustrans and the Chew Valley Recreational Trail Association. The minor roads around the lake are also frequently used by cyclists. Bristol International Airport is approximately away, and the nearest train stations are Keynsham, Bath Spa, and Bristol Temple Meads.
Demography
The population of Chew Stoke, according to the census of 1801, was 517. This number increased slowly during the 19th century to a maximum of 819, but fell to around 600 by the end of the century. The population remained fairly stable until World War II. During the latter half of the 20th century, the population of the village rose to 905 people.[16] The 2001 Census gives detailed information about the Chew Valley North ward, which includes both Chew Magna and Chew Stoke. The ward had 2,307 residents, living in 911 households, with an average age of 42.3 years. Of those, 77% of residents described their health as 'good', 21% of 16–74 year olds had no work qualifications, and the area had an unemployment rate of 1.3%. In the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004, the ward was ranked at 26,243 out of 32,482 wards in England, where 1 was the most deprived and 32,482 the least deprived.[17] The area is largely rural, with several farms, both arable and dairy. A small number of light industrial/craft premises exist at "Fairseat Workshops", formerly the site of a dairy. However, they provide little employment and many residents commute to jobs in nearby cities.
Landmarks
St Andrews Church Chew Stoke
St Andrews Church
St Andrews Church, a Grade II
★ listed building on the outskirts of Chew Stoke, was constructed in the 15th century and underwent extensive renovation in 1862.[18][19] The inside of the church is decorated with 156 angels in wood and stone,4 and the church includes a tower with an unusual spirelet on the staircase turret. In the tower hang bells cast by the Bilbie family.
The reconstructed Moreton Cross in the churchyard was moved there when Chew Valley Lake flooded,1 and the base of the cross shaft, about southwest of the tower, is thought to date from the 14th century and is itself a Grade II
★ listed building,[20] as is the Webb monument in the churchyard.[21] The churchyard gate, at the southeast entrance, bears a lamp provided by public subscription to commemorate Queen Victoria's Jubilee of 1897, and is a Grade II listed structure.[22]
In the church are bronze plaques commemorating the eleven local people who died in World War I and the six who were killed in World War II.[23] There is also a stained glass window showing a saint with a sword standing on a snake, and crossed flags commemorating those from World War II.[24] There is also a memorial plaque to the local Bilbie family of bell founders and clockmakers inside the church, and just inside the porch, on the left of the church door, is a stone figure holding an anchor, which was moved to the church from Walley Court with the flooding of the lake. There is an unconfirmed story that this was given to the Gilbert family, then living at the court, by Queen Elizabeth I.[25]
Rectory
The Old Rectory, south front with carvings of shields
The rectory, at the end of Church Lane, opposite the church hall, is believed to have been built in 1529 by the then rector, Sir John Barry (Rector 1524–46). It has since undergone substantial renovations, including the addition of a clock tower for the Rev. W.P. Wait and further alterations c.1876 for Rev. J. Ellershaw. The clock tower has since been removed. The building has an ornate south front with carvings of shields bearing the coat of arms of the St Loe family, who were once chief landowners in the area, alone or impaled with arms of Fitzpane, Ancell, de la Rivere and Malet. It is Grade II
★ listed.[26]
New Rectory
The New Rectory
The Reverend John Ellershaw built the new rectory in the 1870s. The last rector to occupy it was Lionel St. Clair Waldy from 1907 to 1945. It was then bought by Douglas Wills who donated it and the rectory field to Winford Hospital as a convalescent home for 16 children, and later used as a nurses home before being sold for private use.4
It is now split into several residential units.[27]
Grade II listed buildings
As with many cities and towns in the United Kingdom, the age of a number of the buildings in Chew Stoke, including the church, school, and several houses, reflects the long history of the village. For example, Chew Stoke Church Primary School has approximately 170 pupils between 4 and 11 years old. After the age of 11 most pupils move on to Chew Valley School.[28] These two buildings were constructed in 1858 by Samuel Burleigh Gabriel on the site of a former charity school founded in 1718. Additional classrooms were built in 1926, and further alterations and extensions were carried out in 1970.[29]
An obelisk on Breach Hill Lane, dating from the early to mid 19th century, is said to have been built as a waterwork marker. It has a square limestone plinth about high. The obelisk is about high with a pyramidal top and small opening at the top on two sides.[30]
Fairseat Farmhouse
The importance of farming is reflected in the age of many of the farmhouses. Rookery Farmhouse, in Breach Hill Lane, is dated at 1720, with later 18th-century additions to either side of the central rear wing.[31]
An attached stable, northeast of the farmhouse, is also a Grade II listed building.[32]
School Farmhouse, in School Lane, dates from the late 17th century and has a studded oak door in the side of the house.4[33]
Wallis Farmhouse, farther along School Lane, is dated at 1782.[34]
Yew Tree Farmhouse, one of the oldest buildings in the area, dates back to the 15th century, but has had extensive alterations since then.[35]
North Hill Farmhouse also has 15th century origins.4[36]
Paganshill Farmhouse dates from the 17th century.[37]
Fairseat Farmhouse is from the 18th century, and includes a plaque recording that John Wesley preached at the house on 10 September 1790. In August of that year, Fairseat Farmhouse was "registered among the records of this County as a House set apart for the worship of God and religious exercise for Protestant Dissenters". At that time the house belonged to Anna Maria Griffon. In the garden is a large Evergreen Oak (''Ilex'') which measured across until half of it broke away in a gale in 1976.4[38]
The Methodist Chapel was built in 1815/16 after religious services had been established at Fairseat Farm.4[39]
There is even a listed milestone at Stoke Villace south of the main village, with the inscription "8 miles to Bristol".[40]
References
1. Before the Lake: Memories of the Chew Valley, Ross, Lesley (Ed.), , , The Harptree Historic Society, 2004, ISBN 0-9548832-0-9
2. The archeology of Avon, , Michael, Aston, Avon County Council, 1987,
3. A History of Somerset, , Robert, Dunning, Phillimore & Co, 1983, ISBN 0-85033-461-6
4. Chew Stoke Recalled in Old Photographs, Hucker, Ernest, , , Ernest Hucker, 1997,
5. Somerset Place Names, , Stephen, Robinson, The Dovecote Press Ltd, 1992,
6. Bilbie - Bell founders and clockmakers
7. Bilbie and the Chew Valley clockmakers : the story of the renowned family of Somerset bellfounder-clockmakers /Clockmakers, Moore, J. Rice, R. and Hucker, E., , , The authors, 1995,
8. Memories of Bristol's Weather - The Great Flood of 1968
9. Royal Diary of Engagements - January - August
10. Bath & North East Somerset Local Plan Deposit Draft January 2002
11. Topic: Parish Council's response to Charles Church plans
12. Plans for Radfords site to be unveiled
13. Chew Stoke Parish Council - What we do
14. Chew Valley North Councillor
15. Chew Valley Explorer bus route 672/674
16. UK Census Data. Data for 1801–1931 is available at Online Historical Population Reports ; data for 1971–2001 is available at Census Information
17. Neighbourhood Statistics LSOA Bath and North East Somerset 021A Chew Valley North
18. Church of St. Andrew
19. The Buildings of England : North Somerset and Bristol, Pevsner, Nikolaus, , , Penguin Books, 1958, ISBN 0-300-09640-2
20. base of cross shaft
21. Webb monument
22. overthrow and gates
23. Chew Stoke WWI Ref: 7488
24. Chew Stoke WWII Ref: 7489
25. Avon Villages, Mason, Edmund J. & Mason, Doreen, , , Robert Hale Ltd, , ISBN 0-7091-9585-0
26. The Rectory
27. Old Rectory
28. Chew Stoke Church Primary School
29. Chew Stoke School
30. Obelisk, Breach Hill Lane
31. Rookery Farmhouse
32. Stable
33. School Farmhouse
34. Wallis Farmhouse
35. Yew Tree Farmhouse
36. North Hill Farmhouse
37. Paganshill Farmhouse
38. Fairseat Farmhouse
39. Methodist Chapel
40. Milestone
Gallery
Bibliography
★ Chew Magna and the Chew Valley in old photographs, Durham, I. & M., , , Redcliffe Press, 1991, ISBN 1-872971-61-X
★ The Natural History of the Chew Valley, Janes, Rowland (ed), , , , 1987, ISBN 0-9545125-2-9
★ Chew Stoke recalled in old photographs, Hucker, E, , , , 1997, ISBN 0-9531700-0-4
External links
★ BANES Environmental Services Area 2 — Chew Valley
★ Chew Stoke Harvest Home
★ Chew Stoke village web site
★ Chew Valley web site
★ Chew Valley School
★ River Chew Web Site
This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.
psst.. try this: add to faves
