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EspañolCHICAGO POLICE DEPARTMENT
The 'Chicago Police Department', also known as the 'CPD', is the principal law enforcement agency of Chicago, under the jurisdiction of the mayor of Chicago. It is the largest police department in the Midwest and the second largest in the United States with 13,619 sworn officers and 2,625 other employees. Dating back to 1837, the Chicago Police Department is one of the oldest modern police forces in the world.
Structure
The Superintendent of Police leads the Chicago Police Department. The Superintendent manages five bureaus, each commanded by a Deputy Superintendent; and one division, which is commanded by an Assistant Deputy Superintendent.
'Philip J. Cline' was named Superintendent of Police on November 5 2003. Superintendent Cline officially retired on August 3, 2007 (''see below''). Under the leadership of Superintendent Cline, the Department has undergone many structural changes.
As of 2006, the five Bureaus of the Department are:
★ Bureau of Administrative Services
★ Bureau of Crime Strategies and Accountability
★ Bureau of Investigative Services
★ Bureau of Patrol
★ Bureau of Strategic Deployment.
There are twenty-five police districts, each led by a Commander who oversees their district. Commanders report to Area Deputy Chiefs who report to the Deputy of Patrol who reports to the Superintendent of Police who in turn is subject to the authority of the Mayor of Chicago.
Police ranks
★ Superintendent of Police (Four Silver Five-Pointed Stars)
★ First Deputy Superintendent (Three Silver Five-Pointed Stars)
★ Deputy Superintendent (Two Silver Five-Pointed Stars)
★ Chief (One Silver Five-Pointed Star)
★ Assistant Deputy Superintendent (Silver or Gold Spread Eagle)
★ Deputy Chief (Silver Oak Leaf)
★ Commander (Gold Oak Leaf)
★ Captain (Two Silver Bars)
★ Lieutenant, Inspector (One Silver Bar for Lieutenant) (An inspector wears the Lieutenant's uniform less any rank insignia)
★ Sergeant (Three Chevrons)
★ Police Officer Assigned as Detective, Police Technician, Field Training Officer, Investigator, Gang Crime Specialist, Police Agent, Traffic Specialist, Marine Unit Officer, K-9 Officer
★ Police Officer
As with other big-city departments, Chicago detectives are not considered ranking officers, but rather officers assigned to specialized units, i.e. violent crimes, robbery, gang and narcotics, etc. Field Training Officers wear one chevron with "FTO" in the center, but are also not considered ranking officers.
Bureau of Investigative Services
Investigative functions are under the Bureau of Investigative Services (BIS). The Bureau of Investigative Services is composed of the Detective Division and the Organized Crime Division. The Detective Division includes the Bomb and Arson Unit, Cold Case Unit, Fugitive Apprehension Unit, Major Accidents Investigation Section and the Forensic Services Section which includes the Mobile Crime Lab of Forensic Investigators, ET-North and ET-South - which are the two Evidence Technician Units. The Organized Crime Division includes the Narcotic and Gang Investigations Section and the Vice Control Section.
The Chief of Detectives heads the Detective Division, The Chief of Organized Crime heads up that Division--both reporting to the Deputy Superintendent BIS. OCD has one Deputy Chief-While the Detective Division has Three>
The city has five detective areas each lead by a Commander:Area 1 (Wentworth) and Area 2 (Calumet) covers the south and southwest sides, while Area 3 (Belmont), Area 4 (Harrison) and Area 5 (Grand Central) covers the north, west and northwest sides of the city.
Bureau of Patrol
The Bureau of Patrol includes the airport law enforcement section, public transportation section, and the public housing section. Also included in the Bureau of Patrol are the Traffic Unit, Bicycle Unit, Canine Unit, Mounted Unit, and various tactical units. The Mounted Unit maintains 30 horses as of December 2006.
Bureau of Strategic Deployment
The Bureau of Strategic Deployment includes the Special Operations Section and the dignitary protection unit. The Special Operations Section includes a full-time SWAT unit, organized in 2005, with 70 members. This portion of the unit has historically been known as the HBT-hostage barricaded person terrorist team. The dignitary protection unit is based out of O'Hare International Airport, and is the only unit that utilizes two-wheeled motorcycles. This Bureau also includes the Targeted Response Unit.
Police pay
Starting salary for Chicago police officers is $43,104, increased to $55,723 after one year and an additional increase to $58,896 after 18 months. Promotions to specialized or command positions also increases an officer's base pay. Salaries are supplemented with a $2,920 annual duty availability bonus and an $1,800 annual uniform allowance. [1]
Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy (CAPS)
The Chicago Police Department is often credited for advancing community policing through the Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy program. Popularly called CAPS, it was established in 1992 and implemented in 1993 by Chicago Police Superintendent Matt L. Rodriguez. CAPS is an ongoing effort to bring communities, police, and other city agencies together to prevent crimes rather than react to crimes after they happen. The program entails increasing police presence in individual communities with a force of neighborhood-based beat officers. Beat Community Meetings are held regularly for community members and police officials to discuss potential problems and strategies.
Under CAPS, eight or nine beat officers are assigned to each of Chicago's 279 police beats. The officers patrol the same beat for over a year, allowing them to get to know community members, residents, and business owners and to become familiar with community attitudes and trends. The system also allows for those same community members to get to know their respective officers and learn to be comfortable in approaching them for help when needed. Beat officers are fully equipped and patrol their neighborhoods in a variety of methods: by bike, by car, or by foot.
Early years
When the town of Chicago was incorporated to become a city in 1837, provisions were made to elect an officer called the High Constable. He in turn would appoint a Common Constable from each of the six city wards. In 1855, the newly elected city council passed ordinances to formally establish the Chicago Police Department. Chicago was divided into three police precincts, each served by a station house. Station No. 1 was located in a building on State Street between Lake and Randolph streets. Station No. 2 was on West Randolph Street near Des Plaines Street. Station No. 3 was on Michigan Avenue near Clark Street. In 1860, the detective forces were established to investigate and solve crimes.
In 1861, the Illinois General Assembly passed a law creating a police board to become an executive department of Chicago autonomous of the mayor. The mayor was effectively stripped of his power to control the Chicago Police Department. Authority was given to three police commissioners. The commissioners created the office of superintendent to be the chief of police. The title is again in use today.
In 1875, the Illinois General Assembly found that the police commissioners were unable to control rampant corruption within the Chicago Police Department. The legislature passed a new law returning power over the police to the mayor. The mayor was allowed to appoint a single police commissioner with the advice and consent of the city council.
Despite centralized policies and practices, the captains who ran the precincts or districts were relatively independent of headquarters, owing their jobs to neighborhood politicians. Decentralization meant that police could respond to local concerns, but graft often determined which concerns got most attention.
Political connections were important to joining the force; formal requirements were few until 1895. After 1856, the department hired many foreign-born recruits, especially unskilled but English-speaking Irish immigrants. The first African American officer was appointed in 1872, but black police were assigned to duty in plain clothes only, mainly in largely black neighborhoods. Women entered the force in 1885 as matrons, caring for female prisoners. “Policewomen” were formally appointed beginning in 1913, to work with women and children. In 1895, Chicago adopted civil service procedures, and written tests became the basis for hiring and promotion. Standards for recruits rose, though policing remained political. [2]
Controversies
Over the years, the Chicago police department has been the subject of a number of scandals and other controversies:
Summerdale scandals
A Chicago Police Department helicopter over Lake Michigan during the 2007 Accenture Triathlon
The Chicago Police Department did not face large-scale reorganization efforts until 1960 under Mayor Richard J. Daley. That year, Chicago was hounded by the Summerdale scandals. Eight officers from the Summerdale police district on Chicago's Northwest Side were accused of operating a large-scale burglary ring. News of the scandal was splashed across the city's newspapers and was the biggest police-related scandal the city had ever seen at the time. Mayor Daley appointed a committee to make recommendations for improvements to the police system. The action resulted in the creation of a five-member police board charged with nominating a superintendent to be the chief authority over police officers, drafting and adopting rules and regulations governing the police system, submitting budget requests to the city council, and hearing and deciding disciplinary cases involving police officers.[3] Criminologist O.W. Wilson was brought on as Superintendent of Police, and served until 1967 when he retired.[4]
1968 Democratic National Convention
The Chicago Police Department faced a great deal of criticism for its actions during the 1968 Democratic National Convention, which was held in Chicago from August 26 to August 29, 1968.
The convention was site of a series of protests, mainly over the war in Vietnam. Despite the poor behavior of some protesters, there was widespread criticism that the Chicago Police and National Guard used excessive force. ''Time'' published an article stating that "...With billy clubs, tear gas and Mace, the blue-shirted, blue-helmeted cops violated the civil rights of countless innocent citizens and contravened every accepted code of professional police discipline ... No one could accuse the Chicago cops of discrimination. They savagely attacked hippies, yippies, New Leftists, revolutionaries, dissident Democrats, newsmen, photographers, passers-by, clergymen and at least one cripple. Winston Churchill's journalist grandson got roughed up. Playboy's Hugh Hefner took a whack on the backside. The police even victimized a member of the British Parliament, Mrs. Anne Kerr, a vacationing Laborite who was Maced outside the Conrad Hilton and hustled off to the lockup.[5]
Subsequently, the Walker Report to the U.S. National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence called the police response a "police riot," assigning blame for the mayhem in the streets to the Chicago Police.
The Black Panther Raid
On December 4, 1969, Black Panther Party leaders Fred Hampton and Mark Clark were shot and killed by officers working for the Cook County state's attorney. Though the police claimed they had been attacked by heavily armed Panthers, subsequent investigation showed that most bullets fired came from police weapons. Relatives of the two dead men eventually won a multimillion-dollar judgment against the city. For many African Americans, the incident symbolized prejudice and lack of restraint among the largely white police. The incident led to growing black voter disaffection with the Democratic machine. [2]
Ryan Harris murder
On July 28, 1998, 11-year-old Ryan Harris was found raped and murdered in a vacant lot in the city's Englewood neighborhood. The homicide caught the nation's attention when, 12 days after Ryan's body was found, authorities, with the blessing of police command, charged a 7-year-old boy and 8-year-old boy with the murder, making them the youngest murder suspects in the nation at the time. [7]
Semen found at the scene and subsequent DNA tests cleared the boys of the crime and pointed to convicted sex offender Floyd Durr. The boys each filed lawsuits against the city, which were eventually settled for millions of dollars and Durr pleaded guilty to Harris' murder. [8]
Russ/Haggerty shootings
Tensions between black residents and police simmered in the summer of 1999 after the fatal shootings of two unarmed black motorists, Robert Russ and LaTanya Haggerty. In one incident, Russ, a football player for Northwestern University, was shot inside of his car after a high-speed chase followed by a struggle with a police officer. In the second, Haggarty, a computer analyst, was shot by a female officer. Charges of racism against the CPD persisted, despite the fact that officers in both incidences were also black.
Both shootings resulted in lawsuits, each costing taxpayers millions of dollars. Haggerty's family, for example, reached a record $18 million settlement. [9]
Bar attack
Bartender being punched and kicked by offduty Chicago Police officer Anthony Abbate.
Recently, the image of the Chicago Police Department had suffered when video of an intoxicated off-duty police officer kicking and beating a female bartender surfaced. Officer Anthony Abbate was shown on the footage beating and kicking Karolina Obrycka at Jesse's Shortstop Inn on February 19, 2007 after Obrycka refused to serve him any more alcohol. Abbate was later arrested and charged with felony battery and stripped of his police powers after the television station WFLD showed the footage. The Chicago Police have since moved to terminate Abbate from the force, but questions remain over the city's handling of the case.[10]
Further controversy arose when Abbate was allowed to enter the courtroom for a hearing through a side door in order to shield himself from the media. This was apparently with the assistance of the Grand Central District officers who were on duty at the time, and acting on the orders of a CPD Captain. Allegations also surfaced that the police ticketed the vehicles of news organizations and threatened reporters with arrest. In the wake of this, Superintendent Cline announced that he would demote the Captain who gave the orders, and would launch investigations into the actions of the other officers involved.[11] On April 27, 2007 14 additional charges against Abbate were announced. These included official misconduct, conspiracy, intimidation, and speaking with a witness.[12] Abbate pleaded not guilty to all 15 charges during a brief hearing on May 16th, 2007.[13]
Referring to Anthony Abbate, Superintendent Phil Cline has stated, "He's tarnished our image worse than anybody else in the history of the department."[14] The video of the attack has been viewed worldwide on 24-hour news channels and on YouTube. In the wake of this scandal and another similar scandal involving another videotaped beating at a bar, Cline announced his retirement on April 2, 2007. While both men have denied it, some believe that Cline retired under pressure from Mayor Richard M. Daley.[15] Mayor Daley has since announced a plan to create an independent police review board to replace the current Office of Professional Standards - which is currently under the jurisdiction of the police department.[16]
On April 30, 2007 a lawsuit was filed in Federal Court against the city of Chicago, Abbate, and several other individuals by attorneys representing Ms. Obrycka.[17]
Technological advances
Chicago police officer patrolling on a Segway HT
★ 1861, Police Patrol and Signal Service established with call boxes erected throughout Chicago so police officers could contact each other and respond to emergencies more efficiently
★ 1884, Rogues' Gallery established to aid in the identification of suspects using the Bertillon system, taking exact physical measurements of arrested persons
★ 1905, Murder Bureau established to use photography in solving crimes; fingerprinting was used to aid in the identification of suspects for the first time
★ 1906, police cars were first used instead of horse-mounted patrols
★ 1915, police department becomes completely motorized
★ 1929, ''Chicago Tribune'' outfits the police department with one-way radio transmitters in squad cars
★ 1932, calls were routed through centralized switchboards to facilitate efficient communication
★ 1934, established to aid in the protection of citizens as automobiles gained popularity and began taking over the streets of Chicago
★ 1938, Scientific Crime Laboratory established as the police were finally allowed to pursue criminals using latest scientific methods being introduced to the world
★ 1942, two-way radios were introduced
★ 1947, squad cars were replaced by a combination ambulance and prisoner wagon called a squadrol
★ 1952, walkie-talkie telephones were introduced; point-to-point communication systems allowed the police department to collaborate with county and state police
★ 1954, Radar introduced as method of enforcing posted traffic speeds.
★ 1957, Bureau of Identification established to use telephoto transmission to send photographs, fingerprints, and other pertinent data to police departments
★ 1958, Helicopter traffic patrol introduced featuring Flying Officer Leonard Baldy
Line of Duty Deaths
From December 5, 1853, to February 12, 2006, the CPD has lost 493 officers in the line of duty. [18] This figure includes officers from agencies that were absorbed or became a part of the modern CPD in addition to the modern department itself.
The Chicago Police Department contains the following agencies that have suffered line of duty deaths:
★ Chicago Housing Authority Police Department
★ Chicago Park District Police Department
★ Irving Park District Police Department
★ Lincoln Park District Police Department
★ Morgan Park Police Department
★ North Shore Park District Police Department
★ South Park District Police Department
★ West Park District Police Department
The cause of death break-down is as follows:
★ Accidental: 2
★ Aircraft accident: 2
★ Animal related: 1
★ Assault: 10
★ Automobile accident: 19
★ Bomb: 5
★ Drowned: 1
★ Duty related illness: 2
★ Explosion: 1
★ Fall: 4
★ Gunfire: 362
★ Gunfire (Accidental): 16
★ Heart attack: 11
★ Motorcycle accident: 22
★ Stabbed: 3
★ Struck by streetcar: 1
★ Struck by train: 7
★ Struck by vehicle: 9
★ Training accident: 1
★ Vehicle pursuit: 7
★ Vehicular assault: 7 [19]
Demographics
★ Male: 79%
★ Female: 21%
★ White: 60%
★ African-American/Black: 26%
★ Hispanic: 13%
★ Asian: 1%
'Link'
Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics, 2000: Data for Individual State and Local Agencies with 100 or More Officers
Trivia
★ Saint Jude is the patron saint of the Chicago Police Department.
★ Chicago police wear hats with checkered bands, popularly known as the 'Sillitoe Tartan' and named after its originator, Percy J. Sillitoe, Chief Constable of Glasgow, Scotland in the 1930's. While the checkered band is a common police symbol in the United Kingdom and other countries in Europe, Chicago and Pittsburgh are the only cities in the United States that have adopted it as part of their police officer uniforms.
★ In most movies set in Chicago after The Blues Brothers, the police cars read "Police and Metro Police" instead of "Chicago Police". This was CPD's response to their negative portrayal in that film. The TV series Hill Street Blues - which used exterior shots of the Chicago Police station on Maxwell Street - uses "Metro Police" on its squad cars and wagons.
★ Allan Pinkerton, creator of the famed Pinkerton Detective Agency, actor Dennis Farina and Soul Train creator Don Cornelius were all former Chicago police officers. Pinkerton, in fact, was the city's first detective.
References
1. A Career with a Future
2. Police
3. Chicago Chooses Criminologist to Head and Clean Up the Police
4. Guide to the Orlando Winfield Wilson Papers, ca. 1928-1972
5. Dementia in the Second City
6. Police
7. Ryan Harris' slaying haunts mother and city
8. Sex Offender Admits To 1998 Murder
9. Chicago Judge OKs M Settlement
10. Bond set for cop charged in bar attack
11. Cline takes on thug cops
12. Officer faces new charges in videotaped beating of bartender
13. Cop pleads not guilty to taped bartender beating
14. Videotaped beating dogs Chicago police
15. Chicago's Top Cop Resigns
16. Mayor wants cop oversight unit out of department
17. Woman Beaten On Video Sues Cop, Chicago
18. The Officer Down Memorial Page:Honoring All Fallen Members of the Chicago Police Department
19. The Officer Down Memorial Page:Honoring All Fallen Members of the Chicago Police Department
Resources
★ Chicago Police Department
★ Pipes and Drums of the Chicago Police Department
★ City of Chicago
★ Mayor's Budget Recommendations 2005
★ Fraternal Order of Police Chicago Lodge #7 Web Site
★ FOP 2003-2007 Contract
★ CLEAR Map, Official CPD GIS Web Mapping
★ Reported crime with Google Mapping - not affiliated with the CPD
★ Chicago Library's Brief History of CPD
★ Police Entry in Encyclopedia of Chicago
★ Chicago Police Patches, A History
★ Flying Officer Leonard Baldy
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