العربية
中国
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिन्दी
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
EspañolCHILDERS REFORMS
(Redirected from Childers reforms)
The 'Childers Reforms' restructured the infantry regiments of the British army. They were undertaken by Secretary of State for War Hugh Childers in 1881, and were a continuation of the earlier Cardwell reforms.
The reoganisation was brought into effect by General Order 41/1881, issued on 1 May, 1881, amended by G.O. 70/1881 dated 1 July which created a network of multi-battalion regiments. In England, Wales and Scotland each regiment was to have two regular or "line" battalions and two militia battalions. In Ireland there were to be two line and three militia battalions. This was done by renaming the numbered regiments of foot and the county militia regiments. In addition the various corps of rifle volunteers were to be designated as volunteer batalions.
Each of these regiments was linked by headquarters location and territorial name to its "Regimental District". The reforms came into effect on 1 July.
From 1881 regimental seniority numbers were officially abolished and battalions came to be known by their number within the regiment and the Regimental District name. Unofficially, the regiments were still referred to by their numbers by their officers and men, as tradition and a point of pride, and several regiments ("The Buffs", The Cameron Highlanders, "The Black Watch", etc.) lobbied to keep their distinct names as part of their battalion titles.
In practice, it was not always possible to apply the scheme strictly: the Cameron Highlanders initially had only one regular battalion, while several regiments had more or less militia regiments than envisaged in the initial scheme. In addition the Rifle Brigade and King's Royal Rifle Corps had no regimental districts, and their affiliated militia and volunteer battalions were selected not on a territorial basis, but due to their "rifle" traditions. This structure lasted until 1948, when every regiment of line infantry had their regular battalions cut to one, with only the three original Guards Division regiments retaining two regular battalions.
An attempt was also made to have the facings of uniforms standardised: English and Welsh regiments would have white facings, Irish regiments would wear green facings, Scottish regiments would have yellow facings, and royal regiments would have dark blue facings. Officers' uniforms had lace in distinctive national patterns: rose pattern for England and Wales, thistle for Scotland and shamrock for Ireland. In the case of regular battalions the lace was gold, while that of the militia battalions was silver. There were also attempts to assimilate regimental insignia and remove "tribal" uniform distinctions. This was less successful, as regimental tribalism and tradition forced a national outcry.
In 1890 The Buffs succeeded in being allowed to resume the wearing of buff facings. Within a few years a number of other regiments had replaced white facings with traditional colours. After 1935 the ruling on blue facings for royal regiments effectively lapsed. In that year, in celebration of his silver jubilee, King George V designated three regiments as royal. In each case they were ''"permitted to retain their present facings"''.[1] In 1939 The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, who had worn blue facings since 1881, were issued with buff regimental colours ''"by request and gracious permission"''.[2] Again in 1946 three infantry regiments were designated as "royal" for services in the Second World War. Of these, only the Royal Lincolnshire Regiment replaced its (white) facings with blue.[3]
†Berwickshire, Dumfriesshire, Roxburghshire and Selkirkshire were transferred to the regimental district of the King's Own Scottish Borderers in 1887
‡Huntingdonshire was originally included in the regimental district of the Suffolk Regiment. There were no volunteer units recruited in the county from 1889 until 1900, when the 4th (Huntingdonshire) Volunteer Battalion, The Bedfordshire Regiment was formed. In 1908 it became part of the 5th Battalion of the Bedfords. In 1914 the Huntingdonshire companies were transferred to a newly formed Huntingdonshire Cyclist Battalion, affiliated to The Northamptonshire Regiment. The successors to the cyclist unit continued to be part of the Northamptons.[22]
§It was originally proposed to disband the Royal Irish Fusiliers in 1922. However, the 2nd battalion of that regiment and of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers were disbanded instead. In 1924 the two regiments formed a single "corps" sharing a depot and regimental district consisting of Counties Armagh, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone. In 1937 the regiments were again separated each forming a second battalion in the following year.
Between 1897 and 1900 the regular army was increased in size in response to a number of conflicts, especially the Second Boer War. The Cameron Highlanders raised a second battalion, while third and fourth regular battalions were added to the Northumberland Fusiliers, Warwickshire Regiment, Royal Fusiliers, King's (Liverpool Regiment), Lancashire Fusiliers, Worcestershire Regiment, Middlesex Regiment and the Manchester Regiment. The recruiting areas of each of these regiments included parts of large conurbations.
The Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 reformed the reserve forces in 1908. A number of militia battalions were disbanded with the remainder being transferred to a new Special Reserve. At the same time the volunteer battalions became part of the new Territorial Force, and were redesignated as numbered battalions of the regiments.
The army was expanded for the duration of the First World War, with the territorial battalions being duplicated and numerous war-time service battalions being formed.
In 1921 - 1922 the system was somewhat recast: the special reserve battalions were placed in "suspended animation" and a number of Irish regiments were disbanded on the creation of the Irish Free State. All remaining regiments were reduced to two regular battalions.
During the Second World War regiments were again expanded, although not to the same extent as in the previous conflict.
Following the independence of India in 1947 regiments lost their second battalion, although some were temporarily reformed during the Korean War.
The system introduced in 1881 finally came to an end with the reforms introduced by the Defence White Paper of 1957. A number of pairs of regiments were amalgamated, while regimental depots were closed with recruiting and training being organised in multi-regiment brigades.
★ ''The London Gazette'', July 1, 1881
★ List of Regiments of Foot
★ List of British Army regiments (1881)
★ Cardwell reforms
1. Honours for the army - new royal regiments, ''The Times'', June 3, 1935.
2. Eric Hamilton, Colours of the Regular Army Infantry of the Line 1st July 1881 to 1958, ''Bulletin of the Military Historical Society'' Special Issue No.1, London, 1968
3. Royal corps and regiments - war service honours, ''The Times'', December 10, 1946
4. Naval and military intelligence, ''The Times'', September 13, 1890
5. Army Order 136/1949
6. Naval and military intelligence, ''The Times'', April 4, 1900
7. Army Order 269/1919
8. Army's return to old colours - Leicestershire Regiment's new facings, ''The Times'', April 25, 1931
9. Transferred to the King's Own Scotttish Borderers in 1887
10. Army Order 56/1920
11. With the creation of the Territorial Force in 1908, Radnorshire was included in the regimental district of the King's Shropshire Light Infantry, and Montgomeryshire in that of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers
12. The Army - Restoration of old facings, ''The Times'', June 4, 1936
13. Army Order 70/1951
14. Army Order 244/1938
15. Army Order 56/1920
16. Army Order 256/1934
17. The Army - The Essex Regiment, ''The Times'', August 19, 1936
18. Army Order 183/1921
19. Army Order 69/1921
20. Army Order 221/1923
21. The Rifle Brigade was originally the 95th Regiment of Foot. In 1816 the regiment ceased to have a number, taking precedence at the end of the line.
22. The Huntingdonshire Battalion (Regiments.org)[1]
★ Transcript of a speech on the reforms given by Hugh Childers in 1882
★ Original proposals for amalgamations and regimental titles (regiments.org)
The 'Childers Reforms' restructured the infantry regiments of the British army. They were undertaken by Secretary of State for War Hugh Childers in 1881, and were a continuation of the earlier Cardwell reforms.
The reoganisation was brought into effect by General Order 41/1881, issued on 1 May, 1881, amended by G.O. 70/1881 dated 1 July which created a network of multi-battalion regiments. In England, Wales and Scotland each regiment was to have two regular or "line" battalions and two militia battalions. In Ireland there were to be two line and three militia battalions. This was done by renaming the numbered regiments of foot and the county militia regiments. In addition the various corps of rifle volunteers were to be designated as volunteer batalions.
Each of these regiments was linked by headquarters location and territorial name to its "Regimental District". The reforms came into effect on 1 July.
From 1881 regimental seniority numbers were officially abolished and battalions came to be known by their number within the regiment and the Regimental District name. Unofficially, the regiments were still referred to by their numbers by their officers and men, as tradition and a point of pride, and several regiments ("The Buffs", The Cameron Highlanders, "The Black Watch", etc.) lobbied to keep their distinct names as part of their battalion titles.
In practice, it was not always possible to apply the scheme strictly: the Cameron Highlanders initially had only one regular battalion, while several regiments had more or less militia regiments than envisaged in the initial scheme. In addition the Rifle Brigade and King's Royal Rifle Corps had no regimental districts, and their affiliated militia and volunteer battalions were selected not on a territorial basis, but due to their "rifle" traditions. This structure lasted until 1948, when every regiment of line infantry had their regular battalions cut to one, with only the three original Guards Division regiments retaining two regular battalions.
| Contents |
| Standardisation of uniforms and colours |
| Regiments created |
| Later changes |
| Sources |
| See also |
| References |
| External links |
Standardisation of uniforms and colours
An attempt was also made to have the facings of uniforms standardised: English and Welsh regiments would have white facings, Irish regiments would wear green facings, Scottish regiments would have yellow facings, and royal regiments would have dark blue facings. Officers' uniforms had lace in distinctive national patterns: rose pattern for England and Wales, thistle for Scotland and shamrock for Ireland. In the case of regular battalions the lace was gold, while that of the militia battalions was silver. There were also attempts to assimilate regimental insignia and remove "tribal" uniform distinctions. This was less successful, as regimental tribalism and tradition forced a national outcry.
In 1890 The Buffs succeeded in being allowed to resume the wearing of buff facings. Within a few years a number of other regiments had replaced white facings with traditional colours. After 1935 the ruling on blue facings for royal regiments effectively lapsed. In that year, in celebration of his silver jubilee, King George V designated three regiments as royal. In each case they were ''"permitted to retain their present facings"''.[1] In 1939 The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, who had worn blue facings since 1881, were issued with buff regimental colours ''"by request and gracious permission"''.[2] Again in 1946 three infantry regiments were designated as "royal" for services in the Second World War. Of these, only the Royal Lincolnshire Regiment replaced its (white) facings with blue.[3]
Regiments created
| Original title | Changes | Regular battalions | Militia battalions | Volunteer battalions | Regimental district | Facings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Royal Scots (Lothian Regiment) | 1921: The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment)Army Order 509/1920, in effect 1st January 1921 | 1st, or The Royal Scots Regiment (2 battalions) | The Edinburgh (or Queen's) Regiment of Light Infantry Militia | City of Edinburgh Rifle Volunteer Brigade 2nd Midlothian (Midlothian and Peebles-shire) Rifle Volunteer Corps 1st Berwickshire RVC† 1st Haddington RVC 1st Linlithgowshire RVC | Berwickshire†, City of Edinburgh, County of Edinburgh, Haddingtonshire, Linlithgowshire | Blue |
| The Queen's (Royal West Surrey Regiment) | 1921: The Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) | 2nd (Queen's Royal) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | 2nd Royal Surrey Militia | 2nd Surrey RVC 4th Surrey RVC 6th Surrey RVC 8th Surrey RVC | Part of Surrey (including Bermondsey, Croydon, Guildford and Southwark) | Blue |
| The Buffs (East Kent Regiment) | 1935: The Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)Army Order 110/1935 | 3rd (East Kent, The Buffs) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | East Kent Militia A new 4th Battalion was also formed | 2nd Kent (East Kent) RVC 5th Kent (Weald of Kent) RVC | Part of Kent (including Ashford, Canterbury, Dover and Ramsgate) | White, changed to buff in 1890[4] |
| The King's Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment) | 1921: The King's Own Royal Regiment (Lancaster) | 4th (King's Own Royal) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | 1st Royal Lancashire Militia (Duke of Lancaster's Own) (2 battalions) | 10th Lancashire RVC | Part of Lancashire (including Barrow-in-Furness, Lancaster, Morecambe and Ulverston) | Blue |
| The Northumberland Fusiliers | 1935: The Royal Northumberland Fusiliers | 5th (Northumberland) (Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | The Northumberland Light Infantry Militia | 1st Northumberland (Northumberland and Berwick-on-Tweed) RVC 2nd Northumberland RVC 1st Newcastle-on-Tyne RVC | Northumberland (including Berwick-upon-Tweed) | White, changed to gosling green in 1899 |
| The Royal Warwickshire Regiment | 1963: The Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers | 6th (Royal 1st Warwickshire) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | 1st Warwickshire Militia 2nd Warwickshire Militia | 1st Warwickshire (Birmingham) RVC 2nd Warwickshire RVC | Warwickshire | Blue |
| The Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) | 7th (Royal Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | Royal London Militia 3rd or Royal Westminster Middlesex (Light Infantry) Militia 4th or Royal South Middlesex Militia | 1st Tower Hamlets Rifle Volunteer Brigade Originally the 5th Middlesex RVC, 9th Middlesex RVC and 22nd Middlesex RVC, reallocated to King's Royal Rifle Corps 1882/3 replaced by:10th Middlesex RVC 11th Middlesex RVC 23rd Middlesex RVC | City of London, part of Middlesex (the Tower division, Bloomsbury and Westminster) | Blue | |
| The Liverpool Regiment | 1881: The King's (Liverpool Regiment) 1921:The King's Regiment (Liverpool) | 8th (the King's) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | 2nd Royal Lancashire Militia (Duke of Lancaster's Own Rifles) | 1st Lancashire RVC Liverpool Rifle Brigade (5th Lancashire RVC) 13th Lancashire RVC 15th Lancashire RVC 18th Lancashire (Liverpool Irish) RVC 19th Lancashire (Liverpool Press Guard) RVC 1st Isle of Man RVC | Part of Lancashire (including Bootle, Liverpool and Southport) and the Isle of Man | Blue |
| The Norfolk Regiment | 1935: The Royal Norfolk Regiment | 9th (East Norfolk) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | 1st or West Norfolk Militia 2nd or East Norfolk Militia | 1st Norfolk (City of Norwich) RVC 2nd Norfolk RVC 3rd Norfolk RVC 4th Norfolk RVC | Norfolk | White, changed to yellow in 1905 |
| The Lincolnshire Regiment | 1946:The Royal Lincolnshire RegimentArmy Order 167/1946 | 10th (North Lincoln) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | Royal North Lincolnshire Militia Royal South Lincolnshire Militia | 1st Lincolnshire RVC 2nd Lincolnshire RVC | Lincolnshire | White, changed to royal blue in 1946 and to blue in 1949[5] |
| The Devonshire Regiment | 11th (North Devon) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | 1st or East Devon Militia 2nd or South Devon Militia | 1st Devonshire (Exeter and South Devon) RVC 2nd Devonshire Rifle Volunteers (Prince of Wales's) 3rd Devonshire RVC 4th Devonshire RVC 5th Devonshire RVC | Devon | White, changed to Lincoln green in 1905 | |
| The Suffolk Regiment | 12th (East Suffolk) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | West Suffolk Militia Cambridgeshire Militia | 1st Suffolk RVC 6th Suffolk (West Suffolk) RVC 1st Cambridgeshire (Cambridge, Essex and Huntingdonshire) RVC 2nd Cambridgeshire (Cambridge University) RVC | Cambridgeshire and Suffolk, also Huntingdonshire until 1900‡ | White, changed to yellow in 1899 | |
| Prince Albert's Light Infantry (Somersetshire Regiment) | 1882: The Prince Albert's (Somersetshire Light Infantry) 1912: Prince Albert's (Somerset Light Infantry) 1921: The Somerset Light Infantry (Prince Albert's) | 13th (1st Somersetshire) (Prince Albert's Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | 1st Somersetshire Light Infantry Militia 2nd Somersetshire Light Infantry Militia | 1st Somersetshire RVC 2nd Somersetshire RVC 3rd Somersetshire RVC | Somerset | Blue |
| The Prince of Wales's Own (West Yorkshire Regiment) | 1921: The West Yorkshire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's Own) | 14th (Buckinghamshire) (Prince of Wales's Own) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | 2nd West York Light Infantry Militia 4th West York Militia | 1st Yorkshire, West Riding RVC 3rd Yorkshire, West Riding RVC 7th Yorkshire, West Riding RVC | Part of the West Riding of Yorkshire (including Bradford, Harrogate, Leeds and Ripon) and the county and city of York | White, changed to buff in 1900[6] |
| The East Yorkshire Regiment | 1935: The East Yorkshire Regiment (The Duke of York's Own) | 15th (York, East Riding) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | East York Militia | 1st Yorkshire, East Riding, RVC 2nd Yorkshire, East Riding, RVC | East Riding of Yorkshire | White |
| The Bedfordshire Regiment | 1919: The Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment[7] | 16th (Bedfordshire) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | Bedfordshire Light Infantry Militia Hertfordshire Militia | 1st Hertfordshire RVC 2nd Hertfordshire RVC1st Bedfordshire RVC | Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire; also Huntingdonshire 1900 - 1908‡ | White |
| The Leicestershire Regiment | 1946: The Royal Leicestershire Regiment | 17th (Leicestershire) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | Leicestershire Militia | 1st Leicestershire RVC | Leicestershire and Rutland | White, changed to pearl grey in 1931[8] |
| The Royal Irish Regiment | Disbanded 1922Army Order 78/1922 | 18th (The Royal Irish) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | Wexford Militia 2nd or North Tipperary Light Infantry Militia Kilkenny Fusiliers Militia | N/A | County Kilkenny, County Tipperary, County Waterford and County Wexford | Blue |
| The Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment) | 1902: Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment) 1921: The Green Howards (Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own Yorkshire Regiment) | 19th (1st York, North Riding) (Princess of Wales's Own) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | 5th West York Militia North York Rifles | 1st Yorkshire (North Riding) RVC 2nd Yorkshire (North Riding) RVC | North Riding of Yorkshire | White, changed to grass green in 1899 |
| The Lancashire Fusiliers | 20th (East Devonshire) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | 7th Royal Lancashire Militia | 8th Lancashire RVC 12th Lancashire RVC | part of Lancashire (including Bury, Middleton, Radcliffe, Rochdale and Salford) | White | |
| The Royal Scots Fusiliers | 21st (Royal Scots Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | Dumfries, Roxburgh, Kirkcudbright and Selkirk (Scottish Borderers) Militia[9] Royal Ayrshire and Wigton Rifles (The Prince Regent's Own) | 1st Ayrshire RVC 2nd Ayrshire RVC | Ayrshire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire, also Dumfriesshire, Roxburghshire and Selkirkshire until 1887† | Blue | |
| The Cheshire Regiment | 22nd (Cheshire) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | 1st Royal Cheshire Light Infantry Militia 2nd Royal Cheshire Militia | 1st Cheshire RVC 2nd (Earl of Chester's) Cheshire RVC 3rd Cheshire RVC 4th Cheshire (Cheshire and Derbyshire) RVC 5th Cheshire RVC | Cheshire | White, changed to buff in 1904 | |
| The Royal Welsh Fusiliers | 1920: The Royal Welch Fusiliers[10] | 23rd (Royal Welsh Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | Royal Denbigh and Merioneth Rifles Royal Carnarvon Rifle Corps | 1st Denbighshire RVC 1st Flintshire and Carnarvonshire RVC | Anglesey, Carnarvonshire, Denbighshire, Flintshire and Merionethshire, also Montgomeryshire from 1908.[11] | Blue |
| The South Wales Borderers | 24th (2nd Warwickshire) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | Royal South Wales Borderers Militia (Royal Radnor and Brecknock Rifles) Royal Montgomery Rifles | 1st Brecknockshire RVC 1st Monmouthshire RVC 2nd Monmouthshire RVC 3rd Monmouthshire RVC 1st Montgomeryshire RVC | Brecknockshire and Monmouthshire, also Montgomeryshire and Radnorshire until 1908. | White, changed to grass green in 1905 | |
| The King's Own Borderers | 1887: The King's Own Scottish Borderers | 25th (King's Own Borderers) Regiment of Foot (2 battalions) | ''Transferred from the Royal Scots Fusiliers in 1887:'' Dumfries, Roxburgh, Kirkcudbright and Selkirk (Scottish Borderers) Militia | ''Transferred from the Royal Scots in 1887:'' 1st Roxburgh and Selkirk (The Border) RVC 1st Berwickshire RVC ''Transferred from the Royal Scots Fusiliers in 1877:'' 1st Dumfriesshire RVC The Galloway RVC | Originally to have been part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, but no regimental district formed in 1881. In 1887 a regimental district was formed comprising Berwickshire, Dumfriesshire, Roxburghshire and Selkirkshire by transferring areas from the Royal Scots and Royal Scots Fusiliers. | Blue |
| The Cameronians (Scotch Rifles) | 1881: The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) | 26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot 90th (Perthshire Volunteers) (Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot | 2nd Royal Lanark Militia (2 battalions) | 1st Lanarkshire (or Glasgow 1st Western) RVC 2nd Lanarkshire RVC 3rd Lanarkshire (or Glasgow 1st Southern) RVC 4th Lanarkshire (or Glasgow 1st Northern) RVC 7th Lanarkshire RVC | Part of Lanarkshire (including Hamilton, Motherwell and parts of Glasgow) | Rifle green faced dark green |
| The Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers | 27th (Inniskilling) Regiment of Foot 108th (Madras Infantry) Regiment of Foot | Fermanagh Light Infantry Militia Royal Tyrone Fusiliers Militia Londonderry Light Infantry Militia The Prince of Wales's Own Donegal Militia | N/A | County Donegal (until 1922), County Fermanagh, County Londonderry, County Tyrone§ | Blue | |
| The Gloucestershire Regiment | 28th (North Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot 61st (South Gloucestershire) Regiment of Foot | Royal South Gloucestershire Light Infantry Militia Royal North Gloucestershire Militia | 1st Gloucestershire (City of Bristol) RVC 2nd Gloucestershire RVC | Gloucestershire | White, changed to primrose yellow in 1929 | |
| The Worcestershire Regiment | 29th (Worcestershire) Regiment of Foot 36th (Herefordshire) Regiment of Foot | 1st Worcestershire Militia 2nd Worcestershire Militia | 1st Worcestershire RVC 2nd Worcestershire RVC | Worcestershire | White, changed to grass green in 1920 and to "grass green (emerald)" in 1924 | |
| The West Lancashire Regiment | 1881: The East Lancashire Regiment | 30th (Cambridgeshire) Regiment of Foot 59th (2nd Nottinghamshire) Regiment of Foot | 5th Royal Lancashire Militia | 2nd Lancashire RVC 3rd Lancashire RVC | Part of Lancashire (including Accrington, Blackburn, Burnley, Clitheroe and Darwen) | White |
| The East Surrey Regiment | 31st (Huntingdonshire) Regiment of Foot 70th (Surrey) Regiment of Foot | 1st Royal Surrey Militia 3rd Royal Surrey Militia | 1st Surrey (South London) RVC 3rd Surrey RVC 5th Surrey RVC 7th Surrey RVC | Part of Surrey (including Camberwell, Kingston upon Thames, Richmond, Southwark and Wandsworth) | White | |
| The Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry | 32nd (Cornwall) (Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot 46th (South Devonshire) Regiment of Foot | Royal Cornwall Rangers, Duke of Cornwall's Own Rifles | 1st Cornwall RVC 2nd Cornwall RVC | Cornwall | White | |
| The Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment) | 1921: The Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding) | 33rd (Duke of Wellington's Regiment) Regiment of Foot 76th Regiment of Foot | 6th West York Militia (2 battalions) | 4th Yorkshire, West Riding RVC 6th Yorkshire, West Riding RVC 9th Yorkshire, West Riding RVC | Part of the West Riding of Yorkshire (including Brighouse, Halifax, Huddersfield, Keighley and Skipton) | White, changed to scarlet in 1905 |
| The Border Regiment | 34th (Cumberland) Regiment of Foot 55th (Westmoreland) Regiment of Foot | Royal Cumberland Militia Royal Westmoreland Light Infantry Militia | 1st Cumberland RVC 1st Westmoreland RVC | Cumberland and Westmorland | White, changed to yellow in 1913 | |
| The Royal Sussex Regiment | 35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot 107th (Bengal Infantry) Regiment of Foot | Royal Sussex Light Infantry Militia | 1st Sussex RVC 2nd Sussex RVC 1st Cinque Ports (Cinque Ports and Sussex) RVC | Sussex | Blue | |
| The Hampshire Regiment | 1946: The Royal Hampshire Regiment | 37th (North Hampshire) Regiment of Foot 67th (South Hampshire) Regiment of Foot | Royal Hampshire Militia | 1st Hampshire RVC 2nd Hampshire RVC 3rd Hampshire RVC 4th Hampshire RVC,br>1st Isle of Wight RVC | Hampshire (including the Isle of Wight) | White, changed to yellow in 1904 |
| The South Staffordshire Regiment | 38th (1st Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot 80th (Staffordshire Volunteers) Regiment of Foot | (The King's Own) 1st Staffordshire Militia (2 battalions) | 1st Staffordshire RVC 3rd Staffordshire RVC 4th Staffordshire RVC | Part of Staffordshire (including Handsworth, Walsall, Wednesbury and Wolverhampton) | White, changed to yellow in 1936[12] | |
| The Dorsetshire Regiment | 1951: The Dorset Regiment[13] | 39th (Dorsetshire) Regiment of Foot 54th (West Norfolk) Regiment of foot | Dorsetshire Militia | 1st Dorsetshire RVC | Dorset | White, changed to grass green in 1904 |
| The Prince of Wales's Volunteers (South Lancashire Regiment) | 1938: The South Lancashire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's Volunteers)[14] | 40th (2nd Somersetshire) Regiment of foot 82nd (Prince of Wales's Volunteers) Regiment of Foot | 4th Royal Lancashire (Duke of Lancaster's Own) Light Infantry Militia | 9th Lancashire RVC 21st Lancashire RVC | Part of Lancashire (including St Helens and Warrington) | White, changed to buff in 1933 |
| The Welsh Regiment | 1920: The Welch Regiment[10] | 41st (The Welsh) Regiment of Foot 69th (South Lincolnshire) Regiment of Foot | Royal Glamorganshire Light Infantry Militia | 1st Pembrokeshire (Pembroke, Carmarthen and Haverfordwest) RVC 1st Glamorganshire RVC 2nd Glamorganshire RVC 3rd Glamorganshire RVC | Carmarthenshire, Glamorgan and Pembrokeshire | White |
| The Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) | 1934: The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment)[16] | 42nd (Royal Highland, The Black Watch) Regiment of Foot 73rd (Perthshire) Regiment of foot | Royal Perthshire Rifle Regiment of Militia | 1st Forfarshire RVC 2nd Forfarshire (Forfarshire or Angus) RVC 3rd Forfarshire (Dundee Highland) RVC 1st Perthshire RVC 2nd Perthshire (Perthshire Highland) RVC 1st Fifeshire RVC | Fife, Forfarshire and Perthshire | Blue |
| The Oxfordshire Light Infantry | 1908: The Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry | 43rd (Monmouthshire Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot 52nd (Oxfordshire) (Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot | Royal Bucks (King's Own) Militia Oxfordshire Militia | 1st Oxfordshire (Oxford University) RVC 2nd Oxfordshire RVC 1st Buckinghamshire RVC 2nd Buckinghamshire (Eton College) RVC | Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire | White |
| The Essex Regiment | 44th (East Essex) Regiment of Foot 56th (West Essex) Regiment of Foot | Eastern Regiment of Essex Militia 1st or West Essex Militia | 1st Essex RVC 2nd Essex RVC 3rd Essex RVC 4th Essex RVC | Essex | White, changed to purple in 1936[17] | |
| The Sherwood Foresters (Derbyshire Regiment) | 1902: The Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment) | 45th (Nottinghamshire) (Sherwood Foresters) Regiment of Foot 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment of Foot | 1st Derbyshire Militia 2nd Derbyshire Militia (The Chatsworth Rifles) Royal Sherwood Foresters or Nottinghamshire Regiment of Militia | 1st Derbyshire RVC 2nd Derbyshire RVC 1st Nottinghamshire (Robin Hoods) RVC 2nd Nottinghamshire RVC | Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire | White, changed to lincoln green in 1913 |
| The Loyal North Lancashire Regiment | The Loyal Regiment (North Lancashire) | 47th (Lancashire) Regiment of Foot 81st (Loyal Lincoln Volunteers) Regiment of Foot | 3rd Duke of Lancaster's Own Royal Lancashire Militia (2 battalions) | 11th Lancashire RVC 14th Lancashire RVC | Part of Lancashire (including Bolton, Chorley and Preston) | White |
| The Northamptonshire Regiment | 48th (Northamptonshire) Regiment of Foot 58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot | Northampton and Rutland Militia | 1st Northamptonshire RVC | Northamptonshire, plus Huntingdonshire from 1914‡ | White, changed to buff in 1927 | |
| Princess Charlotte of Wales's (Berkshire Regiment) | 1885: Princess Charlotte of Wales's (Royal Berkshire Regiment) 1921: The Royal Berkshire Regiment (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) | 49th (Hertfordshire) (Princess Charlotte of Wales's) Regiment of Foot 66th (Berkshire) Regiment of Foot | Royal Berkshire Militia | 1st Berkshire RVC | Berkshire | White, changed to blue in 1885 |
| The Queen's Own (Royal West Kent Regiment) | January 1, 1921: The Royal West Kent (Queen's Own) April 16, 1921: The Queen's Own Royal West Kent Regiment[18] | 50th (Queen's Own) Regiment of Foot 97th (Earl of Ulster's) Regiment of Foot | West Kent Light Infantry Militia | 1st Kent RVC 3rd Kent RVC | Part of Kent (including Bromley, Maidstone, Tonbridge and Tunbridge Wells) | Blue |
| The King's Own Light Infantry (South Yorkshire Regiment) | 1887: The King's Own (Yorkshire Light Infantry) 1921: The King's Own Yorkshire Light Infantry | 51st (2nd Yorkshire, West Riding, King's Own Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot 105th (Madras Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot | 1st West York Rifles Militia | 3rd Yorkshire, West Riding RVC | Part of the West Riding of Yorkshire (including Batley, Castleford, Dewsbury, Doncaster, Goole, Pontefract and Wakefield) | Blue |
| The King's Light Infantry (Shropshire Regiment) | 1882: The King's (Shropshire Light Infantry) 1921: The King's Shropshire Light Infantry | 53rd (Shropshire) Regiment of Foot 85th (Bucks Volunteers) (King's Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot | Shropshire Militia Royal Herefordshire Militia | 1st Shropshire RVC 2nd Shropshire RVC 1st Herefordshire (Hereford and Radnor) RVC | Herefordshire and Shropshire, also Radnorshire from 1908 | Blue |
| The Duke of Cambridge's Own (Middlesex Regiment) | 1921: The Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own) | 57th (West Middlesex) Regiment of Foot 77th (East Midddlesex) Regiment of Foot (The Duke of Cambridge's Own) | Royal Elthorne or 5th Middlesex Light Infantry Militia Royal East Middlesex Militia | 3rd Middlesex RVC 8th Middlesex RVC 1882: 11th Middlesex (Railway)RVC 17th Middlesex RVC | Middlesex, except parts included in the regimental district of the Royal Fusiliers | White, changed to lemon yellow in 1902 |
| The King's Royal Rifle Corps | January 1, 1921: The King's Royal Rifles February 10, 1921: The King's Royal Rifle Corps[19] | 60th (King's Royal Rifle Corps) Regiment of Foot (4 battalions) | Huntingdonshire Rifles Militia Royal Flint Rifles Militia 2nd Royal Rifle Regiment of Middlesex Militia Carlow Rifles Militia North Cork Rifles Militia | 3rd City of London RVC1st Middlesex RVC (Victoria Rifles) 2nd Middlesex RVC (South Middlesex) 4th Middlesex RVC (West London) 6th Middlesex RVC (St George's) 12th Middlesex RVC (Civil Service) 13th Middlesex RVC (Queen's Westminsters) 25th Middlesex (Bank of England) RVC 1888: 26th Middlesex (Cyclist) RVC | Recruited throughout United Kingdom (depot at Winchester) | Rifle green faced scarlet |
| The Duke of Edinburgh's (Wiltshire Regiment) | 1921: The Wiltshire Regiment (Duke of Edinburgh's) | 62nd (Wiltshire) Regiment of Foot 99th (Duke of Edinburgh's) Regiment of Foot | Royal Wiltshire Militia | 1st Wiltshire RVC 2nd Wiltshire RVC | Wiltshire | White, changed to buff in 1905 |
| The Manchester Regiment | 63rd (West Suffolk) Regiment of Foot 96th Regiment of Foot | 6th Royal Lancashire Militia (2 battalions) | 4th Lancashire RVC6th Lancashire (1st Manchester) RVC 7th Lancashire RVC 33rd Lancashire (2nd Manchester) RVC 40th Lancashire (3rd Manchester) RVC | Part of Lancashire (including Ashton-under-Lyne, Manchester and Oldham) | White, changed to deep green in 1937 | |
| The Prince of Wales's (North Staffordshire Regiment) | 1921: The North Staffordshire Regiment (Prince of Wales's) | 64th (North Staffordshire) Regiment of Foot 98th (Prince of Wales's) Regiment of Foot | The King's Own (2nd Staffordshire) Light Infantry Militia The King's Own (3rd Staffordshire) Rifles Militia | 2nd Staffordshire (Staffordshire Rangers) RVC 5th Staffordshire RVC | Part of Staffordshire (including Burton upon Trent, Stafford, Stoke-on-Trent and Tamworth) | White, changed to black in 1937 |
| The York and Lancaster Regiment | 65th (2nd Yorkshire, North Riding) Regiment of Foot 84th (York and Lancaster) Regiment of Foot | 3rd West York Light Infantry Militia | 2nd Yorkshire West Riding (Hallamshire) RVC 8th Yorkshire West Riding RVC | Part of the West Riding of Yorkshire (including Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham and Sheffield) | White | |
| The Durham Light Infantry | 68th (Durham) (Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot 106th (Bombay Light Infantry) Regiment of Foot | 1st South Durham Militia 2nd North Durham Militia | 1st Durham (Durham and North Riding of York) RVC 2nd Durham RVC 3rd Durham (Sunderland) RVC 4th Durham RVC 5th Durham RVC | County Durham | White changed to dark green in 1903 | |
| The Highland Light Infantry | 1923: The Highland Light Infantry (City of Glasgow Regiment)[20] | 71st (Highland) (light Infantry) Regiment of Foot 74th (Highlanders) Regiment of Foot | 1st Royal Lanark Militia | 5th Lanarkshire (Glasgow 2nd Northern) RVC 6th Lanarkshire RVC 8th Lanarkshire (The Blythswood) RVC 9th Lanarkshire RVC 10th Lanarkshire (Glasgow Highland) RVC | Part of Lanarkshire (including Glasgow and Lanark) | Yellow, changed to buff in 1899 |
| Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs) | 1881: Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, The Duke of Albany's) 1921: The Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, The Duke of Albany's) | 72nd (Duke of Albany's own Highlanders) Regiment of foot 78th (Highlanders) (Ross-shire Buffs) Regiment of Foot | Highland Rifles Militia ''(The militia regiment of the counties of Ross, Caithness, Sutherland and Cromarty)'' | 1st Ross-shire (Ross Highland) RVC 1st Sutherland (The Sutherland Highland) RVC 1st Elgin RVC | Caithness, Cromarty, Elginshire, Nairnshire, Orkney, Ross-shire and Sutherland | Yellow, changed to buff to 1899 |
| The Gordon Highlanders | 75th (Stirlingshire) Regiment of Foot 92nd (Gordon Highlanders) Regiment of Foot | Royal Aberdeenshire Highlanders Militia | 1st Aberdeenshire RVC 2nd Aberdeenshire RVC 3rd Aberdeenshire (The Buchan) RVC 4th Aberdeenshire RVC 1st Banffshire RVC 1st Kincardineshire (Deeside Highland) RVC | Aberdeenshire, Banffshire and Kincardineshire, also Zetland from 1900 | Yellow | |
| The Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders | 79th (Queen's Own Cameron Highlanders) Regiment of Foot 2nd battalion raised in 1897 | Inverness, Banff, Elgin and Nairn Militia | 1st Inverness-shire (Inverness Highland) RVC | Inverness-shire | Blue | |
| The Royal Irish Rifles | 1922: The Royal Ulster Rifles | 83rd (County of Dublin) Regiment of Foot 86th (Royal County Down) Regiment of Foot | Royal North Down Rifles Royal Antrim Rifles Militia Royal South Down Light Infantry Militia Royal Louth Rifles Militia | N/A | County Antrim and County Down, also County Louth until 1922 | Rifle green faced light green, facings changed to dark green 1882 |
| The Royal Irish Fusiliers (Princess Victoria's) | 87th (Royal Irish Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot 89th (Princess Victoria's) Regiment of Foot | Armagh Light Infantry Militia Cavan Militia Monaghan Militia | N/A | County Armagh plus County Cavan and County Monaghan until 1922§ | Blue | |
| The Connaught Rangers | Disbanded 1922 | 88th (Connaught Rangers) Regiment of Foot 94th Regiment of Foot | South Mayo Rifles Militia Galway Militia Roscommon Militia North Mayo Fusilers Militia | N/A | County Galway, County Leitrim, County Mayo and County Roscommon | Green |
| Princess Louises's (Sutherland and Argyll Highlanders) | 1882: Princess Louises's (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders) 1921: The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's) | 91st (Princess Louises's Argyllshire Highlanders) Regiment of Foot 93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot | Highland Borderers Light Infantry Militia ''(The militia regiment of the counties of Clackmannan, Dumbarton, Kinross and Stirling)'' Prince of Wales's Royal Regiment of Renfrew Militia | 1st Renfrewshire RVC 2nd Renfrewshire RVC 3rd Renfrewshire RVC 1st Stirlingshire RVC 1st Argyllshire RVC 1st Dumbartonshire RVC Clackmannanshire and Kinross RVC | Argyllshire, Buteshire, Dumbartonshire, Kinross-shire, Renfrewshire and Stirlingshire | Yellow |
| The Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment (Royal Canadians) | Disbanded 1922 | 100th (Prince of Wales's Royal Canadian) Regiment of Foot 109th (Bombay Infantry) Regiment of Foot | King's County Royal Rifles Militia Royal Queen's County Rifles Militia Royal Meath Militia | N/A | King's County, County Longford, County Meath, Queen's County, and County Westmeath | Blue |
| The Royal Munster Fusiliers | Disbanded 1922 | 101st (Royal Bengal Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot 104th (Bengal Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot | South Cork Light Infantry Militia Kerry Militia Royal Limerick County Militia (Fusiliers) | N/A | County Clare, City of Cork, County Cork, County Kerry and County Limerick | Blue |
| The Royal Dublin Fusiliers | Disbanded 1922 | 102nd (Royal Madras Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot 103rd (Royal Bombay Fusiliers) Regiment of Foot | Kildare Rifles Militia Queen's Own Royal Dublin City Militia Dublin County Light Infantry Militia | N/A | City of Dublin, County Dublin and County Kildare | Blue |
| The Prince Consort's Own (Rifle Brigade) | 1921: The Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own) | Rifle Brigade (Prince Consort's Own)[21] (4 battalions) | Queen's Own Royal Tower Hamlets Light Infantry Militia Prince of Wales's Royal Regiment of Longford Light Infantry Militia King's Own Light Infantry Militia ''(a militia regiment of the Tower Hamlets)'' Leitrim Rifles Regiment of Militia Westmeath Rifles Regiment of Militia | 7th Middlesex (London Scottish) RVC 14th Middlesex (Inns of Court) RVC 15th Middlesex (Customs and Docks) RVC 16th Middlesex (London Irish) RVC 18th Middlesex RVC 20th Middlesex (Artists) RVC 24th Middlesex (Post Office) RVC 1st Tower Hamlets RVC 2nd Tower Hamlets RVC | Recruited throughout United Kingdom (depot at Winchester) | Rifle green faced black |
†Berwickshire, Dumfriesshire, Roxburghshire and Selkirkshire were transferred to the regimental district of the King's Own Scottish Borderers in 1887
‡Huntingdonshire was originally included in the regimental district of the Suffolk Regiment. There were no volunteer units recruited in the county from 1889 until 1900, when the 4th (Huntingdonshire) Volunteer Battalion, The Bedfordshire Regiment was formed. In 1908 it became part of the 5th Battalion of the Bedfords. In 1914 the Huntingdonshire companies were transferred to a newly formed Huntingdonshire Cyclist Battalion, affiliated to The Northamptonshire Regiment. The successors to the cyclist unit continued to be part of the Northamptons.[22]
§It was originally proposed to disband the Royal Irish Fusiliers in 1922. However, the 2nd battalion of that regiment and of the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers were disbanded instead. In 1924 the two regiments formed a single "corps" sharing a depot and regimental district consisting of Counties Armagh, Fermanagh, Londonderry and Tyrone. In 1937 the regiments were again separated each forming a second battalion in the following year.
Later changes
Between 1897 and 1900 the regular army was increased in size in response to a number of conflicts, especially the Second Boer War. The Cameron Highlanders raised a second battalion, while third and fourth regular battalions were added to the Northumberland Fusiliers, Warwickshire Regiment, Royal Fusiliers, King's (Liverpool Regiment), Lancashire Fusiliers, Worcestershire Regiment, Middlesex Regiment and the Manchester Regiment. The recruiting areas of each of these regiments included parts of large conurbations.
The Territorial and Reserve Forces Act 1907 reformed the reserve forces in 1908. A number of militia battalions were disbanded with the remainder being transferred to a new Special Reserve. At the same time the volunteer battalions became part of the new Territorial Force, and were redesignated as numbered battalions of the regiments.
The army was expanded for the duration of the First World War, with the territorial battalions being duplicated and numerous war-time service battalions being formed.
In 1921 - 1922 the system was somewhat recast: the special reserve battalions were placed in "suspended animation" and a number of Irish regiments were disbanded on the creation of the Irish Free State. All remaining regiments were reduced to two regular battalions.
During the Second World War regiments were again expanded, although not to the same extent as in the previous conflict.
Following the independence of India in 1947 regiments lost their second battalion, although some were temporarily reformed during the Korean War.
The system introduced in 1881 finally came to an end with the reforms introduced by the Defence White Paper of 1957. A number of pairs of regiments were amalgamated, while regimental depots were closed with recruiting and training being organised in multi-regiment brigades.
Sources
★ ''The London Gazette'', July 1, 1881
See also
★ List of Regiments of Foot
★ List of British Army regiments (1881)
★ Cardwell reforms
References
1. Honours for the army - new royal regiments, ''The Times'', June 3, 1935.
2. Eric Hamilton, Colours of the Regular Army Infantry of the Line 1st July 1881 to 1958, ''Bulletin of the Military Historical Society'' Special Issue No.1, London, 1968
3. Royal corps and regiments - war service honours, ''The Times'', December 10, 1946
4. Naval and military intelligence, ''The Times'', September 13, 1890
5. Army Order 136/1949
6. Naval and military intelligence, ''The Times'', April 4, 1900
7. Army Order 269/1919
8. Army's return to old colours - Leicestershire Regiment's new facings, ''The Times'', April 25, 1931
9. Transferred to the King's Own Scotttish Borderers in 1887
10. Army Order 56/1920
11. With the creation of the Territorial Force in 1908, Radnorshire was included in the regimental district of the King's Shropshire Light Infantry, and Montgomeryshire in that of the Royal Welsh Fusiliers
12. The Army - Restoration of old facings, ''The Times'', June 4, 1936
13. Army Order 70/1951
14. Army Order 244/1938
15. Army Order 56/1920
16. Army Order 256/1934
17. The Army - The Essex Regiment, ''The Times'', August 19, 1936
18. Army Order 183/1921
19. Army Order 69/1921
20. Army Order 221/1923
21. The Rifle Brigade was originally the 95th Regiment of Foot. In 1816 the regiment ceased to have a number, taking precedence at the end of the line.
22. The Huntingdonshire Battalion (Regiments.org)[1]
External links
★ Transcript of a speech on the reforms given by Hugh Childers in 1882
★ Original proposals for amalgamations and regimental titles (regiments.org)
This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.
psst.. try this: add to faves
