COFFEE BEAN

:''For the chain of coffeehouses, see The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf.''

A 'coffee bean' is the seed of the coffee plant (the pit inside the red or purple fruit). The fruits, coffee cherries or coffee berries, most commonly contain two stones with their flat sides together. Coffee beans consist mostly of endosperm that contains 0.8 - 2.5 % caffeine, which is one of the main reasons the plants are cultivated. Coffee beans are an important export product for some countries.

Contents

Etymology

Types

Processing

Etymology

The name derives from the Arabic language ( ''qahwa'' - "coffee" and ''bunn'' - "berry"). The name ''bean'' is not botanically accurate. Coffee is the seed of a fruit not a vegetable.

Types

Species of coffee plant include ''Coffea arabica'', ''Coffea benghalensis'', ''Coffea canephora'', ''Coffea congensis'', ''Coffea excelsa'', ''Coffea gallienii'', ''Coffea bonnieri'', ''Coffea mogeneti'', ''Coffea liberica'', and ''Coffea stenophylla''. The seeds of different species produce coffee with slightly different characteristics.
''Coffea arabica'' accounts for about 75% of the world's coffee trade, while ''Coffea canephora'' (syn. ''Coffea robusta'') is cultivated where ''Coffea arabica'' does not thrive, and ''Coffea liberica'' and ''Coffea excelsa'' are grown in limited areas.
In a crop of coffee, a small percentage of cherries contain a single bean, instead of the usual two. This is called a peaberry.

Processing

Coffee beans are removed from the coffee cherries or fruit, which is either discarded as waste or used as fertilizer.