 | Becca 2 Shes really gay In languages with a literary tradition, there is interrelation between orthography and the question of what is considered a single word. Word separators (typically space marks) are common in modern orthography of languages using alphabetic scripts, but these are (excepting isolated precedents) a modern development (see also history of writing). In English orthography, words may contain spaces if they are compounds or proper nouns such as ice cream or air raid shelter. Vietnamese orthography, although using the Latin alphabet, delimits monosyllabic morphemes, not words. Conversely, synthetic languages often combine many lexical morphemes into single words, making it difficult to boil them down to the traditional sense of words found more easily in analytic languages; this is especially difficult for polysynthetic languages such as Inuktitut and Ubykh, where entire sentences may consist of single such words. Logographic scripts use single signs (characters) to express a word. Most de facto existing scripts are however partly logographic, and combine logographic with phonetic signs. The most widespread logographic script in modern use is the Chinese script. While the Chinese script has some true logographs, the largest class of characters used in modern Chinese (some 90%) are so-called pictophonetic compounds (形声字, Xíngshēngzì). Characters of this sort are composed of two parts: a pictograph, which suggests the general meaning of the character, and a phonetic part, which is derived from a character pronounced in the same way as the word the new character represents. In this sense, the character for most Chinese words consists of a determiner and a syllabogram, similar to the approach used by cuneiform script and Egyptian hieroglyphs. There is a tendency informed by orthography to identify a single Chinese character as corresponding to a single word in the Chinese language, parallel to the tendency to identify the letters between two space marks as a single word in the English language. In both cases, this leads to the identification of compound members as individual words, while e.g. in German orthography, compound members are not separated by space marks and the tendency is thus to identify the entire compound as a single word. Compare e.g. English capital city with German Hauptstadt and Chinese 首都 (lit. chief metropolis): all three are equivalent compounds, in the English case consisting of "two words" separated by a space mark, in the German case written as a "single word" without space mark, and in the Chinese case consisting of two logographic characters. [edit]Morphology Main article: Morphology (linguistics) Further information: Inflection In synthetic languages, a single word stem (for example, love) may have a number of different forms (for example, loves, loving, and loved). However, these are not usually considered to be different words, but different forms of the same word. In these languages, words may be considered to be constructed from a number of morphemes. In Indo-European languages in particular, the morphemes distinguished are the root optional suffixes a desinence. Thus, the Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dhom would be analysed as consisting of *wr̥-, the zero grade of the root *wer- a root-extension *-dh- (diachronically a suffix), resulting in a complex root *wr̥dh- The thematic suffix *-o- the neuter gender nominative or accusative singular desinence *-m. [edit]Classes Main article: Lexical category Grammar classifies a language's lexicon into several groups of words. The basic bipartite division possible for virtually every natural language is that of nouns vs. verbs. The classification into such classes is in the tradition of Dionysius Thrax, who distinguished eight categories: noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, preposition, adverb, conjunction, interjection. In Indian grammatical tradition, Panini introduced a similar fundamental classification into a nominal (nāma, suP) and a verbal (ākhyāta, tiN) class, based on the set of desinences taken by the word. |
 | Cynthia Witthoft - The Adventures of Hungry Asmodeu "The Adventures of Hungry Asmodeu" Album: The Fifth Pillar Of Conscience (2004) Asmodeu: Asmodai or Asmodeus is a demon mostly known from the deuterocanonical Book of Tobit. The demon is also mentioned in some Talmudic legends, for instance, in the story of the construction of the Temple of Solomon. Spelling variations deriving from Asmodai/Asmodeus include Ashmadia, Ashmedai (Hebrew), Asmodaios-Ασμοδαίος (Greek), Asmoday, Asmodée (French), Asmodee, Asmodei, Ashmodei, Ashmodai, Asmodeios, Asmodeo (Spanish and Italian, from a Latin declination), Asmodeu, Asmodeius, Asmodi, Chammaday, Chashmodai, Sidonay, Sydonai. The name Asmodai is believed to derive from Avestan language *aēšma-daēva, where aēšma means "wrath", and daēva signifies "demon". While the daēva Aēšma is thus Zoroastrianism's demon of wrath and is also well attested as such, the compound aēšma-daēva is not attested in scripture. It is nonetheless likely that such a form did exist, and that the Book of Tobit's "Asmodaios" (Ἀσμοδαῖος) and the Talmud's "Ashmedai" (אשמדאי) reflect it. Although there are also functional parallels between Zoroastrianism's Aēšma and Judaism's Asmodai/Asmodeus, the linguistic relationship does not denote conceptual continuity. The two are mythologically and culturally distinct. The Asmodeu of the Book of Tobit is attracted by Sarah, Raguel's daughter, and is not willing to let any husband possess her (Tobit, vi.13); hence he slays seven successive husbands on their wedding-nights, thus impeding the consummation of the sexual act. When the young Tobias is about to marry her, Asmodeus purposes the same fate for him; but Tobias is enabled, through the counsels of his attendant angel Raphael, to render him innocuous. By placing a fish's heart and liver on red-hot cinders, Tobias produces a smoky vapor which causes the demon to flee to Egypt, where Raphael binds him. Asmodeus would thus seem to be a demon characterized by carnal desire; but he is also described as an evil spirit in general: 'Ασμοδαίος τὸ πονηρὸν δαιμόνιον or τõ δαιμόνιον πονηρόν, and πνεῦμα ἀκάϑαρτον. It is possible, moreover, that the statement, "Asmodeus loved Sarah," implies that he was attracted not by women in general, but by Sarah only. [Znaczenie przypisywane Asmodeusowi w demonologii jest mniejsze niż w judaizmie czy zoroastrianizmie - według Mniejszego klucza Salomona plasuje się on dopiero na 32 miejscu w piekielnej hierarchii. Chrześcijańscy demonolodzy są zgodni co do jego zadań w Piekle - ma on rozbudzać pokusy cielesne. Według Malleus Maleficarum jest on demonem pożądania, z czym zgadzał się Sebastian Michaelis dodając, że jego przeciwnikiem jest Św. Jan. Według niektórych XVI-wiecznych demonologów, którzy przypisywali każdemu z miesięcy "patronującego" mu demona, Asmodeus jest najsilniejszy w listopadzie. Według innych demonologów, czasem przypisanym temu demonowi był okres od 30 stycznia do 8 lutego. Ma on pod komendą 72 legiony demonów i jest jednym z królów Piekła (Lucyfer miałby być cesarzem). Według innych podań jego domeną jest też hazard, zemsta i homoseksualizm - miał być protektorem gejów, a homoseksualizm był jednym z jego sposobów uwodzenia. W Dictionnaire Infernal Collina de Plancy jest przedstawiony z ciałem człowieka, kozimi nogami zakończonymi szponami, wężowym ogonem i trzema głowami - jedna człowieka zionącego ogniem, druga barana i trzecia byka. Jedzie na hybrydzie lwa ze smoczymi skrzydłami i szyją.] Cynthia Witthoft http://cynthiawitthoft.blogspot.com/2008/01/cynthia-witthoft-fifth-pillar-of.html |
 | Canadian forces - Dawn raid on Taliban Troops from Alpha Company, 2nd Platoon, "Red Devils" from Edmonton, Canada conduct a dawn raid on a Taliban compound on July 13, 2006 in Hydarabad, Helmand Province in southern Afghanistan. Code: Unclassified Equipment: M4 Carbine - The M4 Carbine is a family of firearms tracing its lineage back to earlier carbine versions of the M16, all based on the original AR-15 made by ArmaLite. The weapon is a shorter and lighter version of the M16A2 assault rifle, achieving 80% parts commonality with the M16A2. The M4 has selective fire options including semi-automatic and three-round burst (like the M16A2), while the M4A1 has a "full auto" option in place of the three-round burst. The M4A1 is sometimes also found with a heavier barrel to withstand heat from sustained fully-automatic fire. M203 - M203 generally refers to the United States Army designation for a single shot 40 mm grenade launcher that attaches to the M16 assault rifle or the M4 Carbine. Stand-alone variants exist as do versions capable of being used on many other rifles. The device attaches under the barrel and forward of the magazine, the trigger for it being just forward of the magazine. The magazine functions as a handle of sorts when firing for the M203. A separate sighting system is added to rifles with the M203 as the rifle's regular sights are not matched to the launcher. The M203 can fire high-explosive, smoke, illuminating, buckshot direct fire, CS gas, and training grenades. Location: Afghanistan - Afghanistan is a landlocked country at the crossroads of Asia. Generally considered a part of Central Asia, it is sometimes ascribed to a regional bloc in either the Middle East or South Asia, as it has cultural, ethno-linguistic, and geographic links with most of its neighbors. It is bordered by Iran in the west, Pakistan in the south and east, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in the north, and the People's Republic of China to the east. |
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