In a political sense, 'conspiracy' refers to a group of persons united in the goal of usurping or overthrowing an established political power. Typically, the final goal is to gain power through a revolutionary
coup d'état or through
assassination.
A conspiracy is to be contrasted with a
cabal. The two are similar but have quite different connotations; in contrast to a cabal, a conspiracy usually looks to overthrow a fixed power instead of usurping it from within.
Famous political conspiracies
Perhaps the most famous political conspiracy was that of
Gaius Trebonius,
Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus,
Marcus Junius Brutus, and
Gaius Cassius Longinus who successfully conspired to assassinate
Julius Caesar on the
Ides of March,
44 BC.
Two other famous conspiracies were the murders of
David Rizzio and Lord Darnley, (
Henry Stuart, 1st Duke of Albany), respectively
Mary, Queen of Scots private secretary and her husband.
It is also generally considered that the infamous "Gun-powder treason" attempted by
Guy Fawkes was a conspiracy, although a thwarted one.
See also
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Secrecy
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Conspiracy
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Conspiracy theory