CROSS-POLYTOPE

In geometry, a 'cross-polytope', or 'orthoplex', or 'hyperoctahedron', is a regular, convex polytope that exists in any number of dimensions. The vertices of a cross-polytope consist of all permutations of (±1, 0, 0, …, 0). The cross-polytope is the convex hull of its vertices. (Note: some authors define a cross-polytope only as the boundary of this region.)
The ''n''-dimensional cross-polytope can also be defined as the closed unit ball in the ℓ₁-norm on 'R'^''n'':
:$\{xinmathbb\; R^n\; :\; |x|\_1\; le\; 1\}.$
In 1 dimension the cross-polytope is simply the line segment [−1, +1], in 2 dimensions it is a square (or diamond) with vertices {(±1, 0), (0, ±1)}. In 3 dimensions it is an octahedron—one of the five regular polyhedra known as the Platonic solids. Higher-dimensional cross-polytopes are generalizations of these.

				A 4-dimensional cross-polytope
2 dimensions square		3 dimensions octahedron		4 dimensions 16-cell

The cross-polytope is the dual polytope of the hypercube. The 1-skeleton of a ''n''-dimensional cross-polytope is a Turán graph ''T''(2''n'',''n'').

Contents

4 dimensions

Higher dimensions

See also

Reference

External links

4 dimensions

The 4-dimensional cross-polytope also goes by the name 'hexadecachoron' or '16-cell'. It is one of six regular convex polychora. These polychora were first described by the Swiss mathematician Ludwig Schläfli in the mid-19th century.

Higher dimensions

The 'cross polytope' family is the first of three regular polytope families, labeled by Coxeter as ''β_n'', the other two being the hypercube family, labeled as ''γ_n'', and the simplices, labeled as ''α_n''. A fourth family, the infinite tessellation of hypercubes he labeled as ''δ_n''.
The ''n''-dimensional cross-polytope has 2''n'' vertices, and 2^''n'' facets (''n''−1 dimensional components) all of which are ''n''−1 simplices. The vertex figures are all ''n''−1 cross-polytopes. The Schläfli symbol of the cross-polytope is {3,3,…,3,4}.
The number of ''k''-dimensional components (vertices, edges, faces, …, facets) in an ''n''-dimensional cross-polytope is given by (see binomial coefficient):
:$2^\{k+1\}\{n\; choose\; \{k+1\}\}$
A two dimensional graph of the edges of the ''n''-dimensional cross-polytope can be constructed by drawing 2n vertices on a circle and connecting all pairs of vertices except for vertices exactly on opposite sides of the circle. (These unattached pairs represent the vertex pairs on opposite directions of one coordinate axis of the polytope.) To put this more abstractly, the graph is the complement of a matching of ''n'' edges.
{| class="prettytable"
|+
Cross-polytope elements
|-
! n
!β_n
!k₁₁
! Graph
! Name(s)
!Schläfli symbol and
Coxeter-Dynkin
diagrams
! Vertices
! Edges
! Faces
! Cells
! ''4''-faces
! ''5''-faces
! ''6''-faces
! ''7''-faces
! ''8''-faces
|-
| 1
!β₁
|
|
| Line segment
1-cross-polytope
|{}

| 2
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
| 2
!β₂
| -1₁₁
|
| 'Bicross'
square
2-cross-polytope
|{4} = {}x{}


| 4
| 4
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
| 3
!β₃
|0₁₁
|
| 'Tricross'
octahedron
3-cross-polytope
|{3,4} = t₁{3,3}


| 6
| 12
| 8
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
| 4
!β₄
|1₁₁
|
| 'Tetracross'
16-cell
hexadecachoron
4-cross-polytope
|{3,3,4} = {3^1,1,1}


| 8
| 24
| 32
| 16
|  
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
| 5
!β₅
|2₁₁
|
| Pentacross'
'triacontakaidi-5-tope'
5-cross-polytope
|{3³,4} = {3^2,1,1}


| 10
| 40
| 80
| 80
| 32
|  
|  
|  
|  
|-
| 6
!β₆
|3₁₁
|
| Hexacross
'hexacontatetra-6-tope'
6-cross-polytope
|{3⁴,4} = {3^3,1,1}


| 12
| 60
| 160
| 240
| 192
| 64
|  
|  
|  
|-
| 7
!β₇
|4₁₁
|
| Heptacross
'hecticosiocta-7-tope'
7-cross-polytope
|{3⁵,4} = {3^4,1,1}


| 14
| 84
| 280
| 560
| 672
| 448
| 128
|  
|  
|-
| 8
!β₈
|5₁₁
|
| Octacross
'dihectapentacontahexa-8-tope'
8-cross-polytope
|{3⁶,4} = {3^5,1,1}


| 16
| 112
| 448
| 1120
| 1792
| 1792
| 1024
| 256
|  
|-
| 9
!β₉
|6₁₁
|
| Enneacross
'pentahectadodeca-9-tope'
9-cross-polytope
|{3⁷,4} = {3^6,1,1}


| 18
| 144
| 672
| 2016
| 4032
| 5376
| 4608
| 2304
| 512
|}

See also

★ List of regular polytopes

Reference

★ Regular Polytopes, , H. S. M., Coxeter, Dover Publications, 1973, ISBN 0-486-61480-8 p.296, Table I (iii): Regular Polytopes, three regular polytopes in n-dimensions (n>=5)

External links

★

★ Polytope Viewer (Click to select cross polytope.)

★