العربية
中国
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिन्दी
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
EspañolCYANOGEN CHLORIDE
'Cyanogen chloride' is a chemical compound with the formula CNCl. This linear triatomic pseudohalogen is an easily condensed colorless gas. More commonly enountered in the laboratory is the related species cyanogen bromide, a room temperature solid, which is widely used in biochemical analysis and preparation.
| Contents |
| Synthesis, basic properties, structure |
| Applications in synthesis |
| Safety |
| References |
| See also |
| External links |
Synthesis, basic properties, structure
Although the formula is written CNCl, cyanogen chloride is a molecule with the connectivity ClCN. Carbon and chlorine are linked by a single bond and carbon and nitrogen by a triple bond. It is a linear species, as are the related cyanogen halides (NCF, NCBr, NCI). Cyanogen chloride is prepared by oxidation of sodium cyanide with chlorine. This reaction proceeds via the intermediacy of cyanogen ((CN)2).[1]
:NaCN + Cl2 → ClCN + NaCl
The compound is molecular, although polar. It trimerizes in the presence of acid to the heterocyclic trimer called cyanuric chloride.
Applications in synthesis
CNCl is a precursor to sulfonyl cyanides.[2] and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate, a useful reagent in organic synthesis.[3]
Safety
Also known as 'CK', cyanogen chloride is a highly toxic blood agent, once proposed for use in chemical warfare. It causes immediate injury upon contact with the eyes or respiratory organs. Symptoms of exposure are loss of consciousness, convulsions, paralysis, and death. It is especially dangerous because it is capable of penetrating the filters in gas masks, according to U.S. analysts. CK is unstable due to polymerization, sometimes with explosive violence[4].
Cyanogen chloride is listed in schedule 3 of the Chemical Weapons Convention: all production must be reported to the OPCW.
References
1. Coleman, G. H.; Leeper, R. W.; Schulze, C. C. "Cyanogen Chloride" Inorganic Syntheses McGraw-Hill: New York, 1946; Vol. 2, p. 90.
2. Vrijland, M. S. A. "Sulfonyl Cyanides: Methanesulfonyl Cyanide" Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 6, p.727 (1988).
3. Graf, R. "Chlorosulfonyl Isocyanate" Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 5, pages 226ff.
4. 'FM 3-8 Chemical Reference handbook'; US Army; 1967
See also
★ Cyanogen
★ Cyanogen bromide
External links
★ NIOSH Emergency Response Card
★ eMedicine article
★ National Pollutant Inventory - Cyanide compounds fact sheet
This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.
psst.. try this: add to faves
