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EspañolKONTSEVICH SYSTEM
(Redirected from Cyrillization of Korean)
The 'Kontsevich system' (Russian: Система Концевича/Sistema Kontsevicha) for the Cyrillization of the Korean language was created by the Russian scholar Lev Kontsevitch (Russian: Лев Концевич) on the basis of the earlier system designed by Aleksandr Kholodovich (Russian: Александр Холодович). It is currently the main system of transcribing Korean words into the Russian language.
Cyrillization systems for Korean were developed domestically in both North and South Korea; Kontsevich carried out work on the systemisation of these rules. In contrast with some systems of romanization of Korean, the transcription is based primarily on the pronunciation of a word, rather than on its spelling. For example, the tensification of "ㅈ" in 한자 (漢字) is not represented in romanizations, where the word is typically spelled as "hanja"; however, it is represented in the Kontsevich transcription, which spells the word with a double "ч" as Ханчча (Khanchcha).
Comments:
# The jamo ㅇ has no transcription in the initial position
# Transcriptions in initial position are indicated in capital letters
# Transcriptions in medial position (between vowels or after the "sonorous" consonants М, Н, НЪ, ЛЬ, and Р) are indicated between two hyphens.
# Transcriptions in final position are indicated following a single hyphen.
Some letters are transcribed differently in the middle of a word when following certain other letters.
1. Pronounced /부어게/ (Yale: puekey) in the Seoul dialect.
★ Russian and Latin Transcription of Korean Words, by Lev Kontsevich.
★ Entry for Lev Kontsevich on the Institute of Oriental Studies (in Russian)
The 'Kontsevich system' (Russian: Система Концевича/Sistema Kontsevicha) for the Cyrillization of the Korean language was created by the Russian scholar Lev Kontsevitch (Russian: Лев Концевич) on the basis of the earlier system designed by Aleksandr Kholodovich (Russian: Александр Холодович). It is currently the main system of transcribing Korean words into the Russian language.
| Contents |
| Introduction |
| Consonants |
| Vowels |
| Transcription of medial consonants |
| Examples |
| Notes |
| External links |
Introduction
Cyrillization systems for Korean were developed domestically in both North and South Korea; Kontsevich carried out work on the systemisation of these rules. In contrast with some systems of romanization of Korean, the transcription is based primarily on the pronunciation of a word, rather than on its spelling. For example, the tensification of "ㅈ" in 한자 (漢字) is not represented in romanizations, where the word is typically spelled as "hanja"; however, it is represented in the Kontsevich transcription, which spells the word with a double "ч" as Ханчча (Khanchcha).
Consonants
| Hangul | Cyrillic | Transcribed Cyrillic | RR |
|---|---|---|---|
| ㄱ | К- / -г- / -к | K / -g- / -k | g / k |
| ㄴ | Н | N | n |
| ㄷ | Т- / -д- / -т | T / -d- / -t | d / t |
| ㄹ | -Р- / -ЛЬ | R / -l' | r / l |
| ㅁ | М | M | m |
| ㅂ | П- / -б- / -п | P / -b- / p | b / p |
| ㅅ | С / -т | S / -t | s |
| ㅇ | -Н (-нъ) | -n (-n') | ng |
| ㅈ | Ч / -дж- / -т | Ch / -dzh - t | j |
| ㅊ | ЧХ / -т | Chhh / -t | ch |
| ㅋ | КХ / -к | Khh / -k | k |
| ㅌ | ТХ / -т | Thh / -t | t |
| ㅍ | ПХ / -п | Phh / -p | p |
| ㅎ | Х | Kh/Hh | h |
| ㄲ | КК | Kk | kk |
| ㄸ | ТТ | Tt | tt |
| ㅃ | ПП | Pp | pp |
| ㅆ | СС / -т | SS / -t | ss |
| ㅉ | ЧЧ | Cch | jj |
Comments:
# The jamo ㅇ has no transcription in the initial position
# Transcriptions in initial position are indicated in capital letters
# Transcriptions in medial position (between vowels or after the "sonorous" consonants М, Н, НЪ, ЛЬ, and Р) are indicated between two hyphens.
# Transcriptions in final position are indicated following a single hyphen.
Vowels
| Hangul | Cyrillic | Transcribed Cyrillic | RR |
|---|---|---|---|
| ㅏ | А | A | a |
| ㅑ | Я | Ya | ya |
| ㅓ | О | O | eo |
| ㅕ | Ё | Yo | yeo |
| ㅗ | О | O | o |
| ㅛ | Ё | Yo | yo |
| ㅜ | У | U | u |
| ㅠ | Ю | Yu | yu |
| ㅡ | Ы | Y | eu |
| ㅣ | И | I | i |
| ㅐ | Э | è | ae |
| ㅒ | ЙЯ | Jya | yae |
| ㅔ | Е / е | E / e | e |
| ㅖ | ЙЕ / -е- | je / -e- | ye |
| ㅚ | ВЕ | Ve | oe |
| ㅟ | ВИ | Vi | wi |
| ㅢ | ЫЙ / -и- | Yj / -i- | ui |
| ㅘ | ВА | Va | wa |
| ㅝ | ВО | Vo | wo |
| ㅙ | ВЭ | Vè | wae |
| ㅞ | ВЕ | ve | we |
Transcription of medial consonants
Some letters are transcribed differently in the middle of a word when following certain other letters.
| End of first syllable | Н | НЪ | М | ЛЬ | К | П |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beginning of second syllable | ||||||
| К (K) | НГ (NG) | НГ (NG) | МГ (MG) | ЛЬГ (L'G) | КК (KK) | ПК (PK) |
| Н (N) | НГ (NG) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) | ЛЛ (LL) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) |
| Т (T) | НД (ND) | НД (ND) | МД (MD) | ЛЬТТ (L'Tt) | КТ (KT) | ПТ (PT) |
| ЛЬ (L') | ЛЛ (LL) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) | ЛЛ (LL) | НН (NN) | МН (MN) |
| М (M) | НМ (NM) | НМ (NM) | ММ (MM) | ЛЬМ (L'M) | НМ (NM) | ММ (MM) |
| П (P) | НБ (NB) | НБ (NB) | МБ | ЛЬБ (L'B) | КП (KP) | ПП (PP) |
| С (S) | НС (NS) | НС (NS) | МС (MS) | ЛЬСС (L'Ss) | КС (KS) | ПС (PS) |
| Ч (Ch) | НДЖ (NDZh) | НДЖ (NDZh) | МДЖ (MDZh) | ЛЬЧЧ (L'Cch) | КЧ (KCh) | ПЧ (PCh) |
| ЧХ (Chhh) | НЧХ (NChhh) | НЧХ (NChhh) | МЧХ (MChhh) | ЛЬЧХ (L'Chhh) | КЧХ (KChhh) | ПЧХ (PChhh) |
| ПХ (Phh) | НПХ (NPhh) | НПХ (NPhh) | МПХ (MPhh) | ЛЬПХ (L'Phh) | КПХ (KPhh) | ППХ (PPhh) |
| ТХ (Thh) | НТХ (NThh) | НТХ (NThh) | МТХ (MThh) | ЛЬТХ (L'Thh) | КТХ (KThh) | ПТХ (PThh) |
| Х (Kh) | НХ (NKh) | НХ (NKh) | МХ (MKh) | РХ (PKh) | КХ (KKh) | ПХ (PKh) |
Examples
| English | Hangul (Hanja) | RR (RR transliteration in brackets) | Kontsevich (Latin transliteration in brackets) |
|---|---|---|---|
| “wall” | 벽(壁) | ''byeok (byeog)'' | ''пёк (pyok)'' |
| “on the wall” | 벽에 | ''byeoge (byeog-e)'' | |
| “outside” (uninflected) | 밖 | ''bak (bakk)'' | ''пакк (pakk)'' |
| “outside” | 밖에 | ''bakke (bakk-e)'' | |
| “kitchen” | 부엌 | ''bueok (bueok)'' | ''пу-ок (pu-ok)'' |
| “to the kitchen” | 부엌에.[1] | ''bueoke (bueok-e)'' | |
| “Wikipedia” | 위키백과(百科) | ''wikibaekgwa (wikibaeggwa)'' | |
| “Hangul” | 한글 | ''hangeul'' or ''han-geul (hangeul)'' | Хангыль (Khang'il') |
| “Hanja” | 한자 (漢字) | ''hancha'' or ''han-cha (hanja)'' | Ханчча (Khanccha) |
| “character, letter” | 글자(字) | ''geulja (geulja)'' | ''кыльчча (k'il'ccha)'' |
| “(an) easy” (+ noun) | 쉬운 … | ''swiun … (swiun …)'' | ''свиун … (sviun)'' |
| “Four seasons are distinct.” | 사계절(四季節)이 뚜렷하다. | ''Sagyejeori tturyeothada.'' ''(Sagyejeol-i ttulyeoshada.)'' | |
| “Just check the line colour and width you want.” | 원(願)하시는 선(線) 색(色)깔과 굵기에 체크하시면 됩니다. | ''Weonhasineun seon saekkkalgwa gulkgie chekeuhasimyeon doemnida. (Weonhasineun seon saegkkalgwa gulggie chekeuhasimyeon doebnida.)'' |
Notes
1. Pronounced /부어게/ (Yale: puekey) in the Seoul dialect.
External links
★ Russian and Latin Transcription of Korean Words, by Lev Kontsevich.
★ Entry for Lev Kontsevich on the Institute of Oriental Studies (in Russian)
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