DECATHLON
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:''This article refers to the sporting contest. For the sports store chain of the same name see Decathlon Group. For the aircraft see 8KCAB Decathlon. For the American academic competition see Academic Decathlon''
'Decathlon' is an athletic event combining 10 track and field events. Events are held over two consecutive days and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all events. Performance is judged on a points system in each event, not by the position achieved. The decathlon is contested by male athletes, while female athletes contest the Heptathlon.
The decathlon is a menu of athletic events, testing an individual’s speed, strength, skill, endurance, and personality. The word is of Greek origin
(deka [ten] +athlon [contest]). The decathlon includes five events on each of two successive days. The first day schedules the 100-metre run, long jump, shot put, high jump, and 400 metres. It is a day of speedy movement, explosive power, and jumping ability. Day 2 consists of the 110-metre hurdles, discus, pole vault, javelin, and 1500 metres. The importance of this day is on technique and endurance.
Day one:
★ 100 m
★ long jump
★ Shot put
★ high jump
★ 400 m
Day two:
★ 110 m hurdles
★ discus throw
★ pole vault
★ javelin throw
★ 1500 m
The event sprouted from the ancient game pentathlon. Pentathlon is a game that was played at the ancient Greek Olympics. Pentathlons involved five games – long jump, discus throw, javelin, sprint and a wrestling match. Introduced in Olympia during 708 BC, the game was extremely popular for many centuries. By the sixth century BC, pentathlons became part of religious games.
Gorgos, from Elis town near Olympia was a four-time pentathlon winner during the period. Another key player was Lampis, a young Spartan who was the first Olympic winner. Automedes was also a known player of the time. The last recorded game winner was Publius Asklepiades of Corinth in AD 241. Roman Emperor Theodosius I officially put an end to the game in AD 393 by closing down all the sanctuaries including Olympia.
From the mid 1700s various versions of the game emerged. The 1948 Olympics endorsed a new implication to the game. Seventeen-year-old Bob Mathias emerged as the then decathlon winner, banishing the myth that decathlon was a game for the old and the experienced. Mathias still remains the youngest decathlon sports champion in Olympic history.
In 1964 the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) laid out new scoring tables and brought about some standardization in the game. The 1970s saw the game spreading to the Eastern European nations, mainly the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany.
The first decathlon competition was held on a single day, October 15 1911, in Gothenburg, Sweden. This was technically not the first decathlon, but one of the first two, as Germany also held a decathlon on the very same day. The Germans contested their events in the same order but with a different scoring table. So, the first decathlon world-record holder was the winner of the first completed meet. Karl Hugo Wieslander, a Swede, and Karl Ritter von Halt, a German, were announced world-record holders.
The decathlon was added to the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm. After experience, the following order was chosen: 100 m run, long jump, shot put, high jump, and 400 m run on the first day; 110 m hurdles, discus, pole vault, javelin, and 1500 m run on the 2nd day. The Swedes also developed a set of scoring tables, based on the 1908 Olympic records. After the 1912 Stockholm Games, the tables were updated to include many new Olympic records.
The 1912 Olympic decathlon has become legend because of the presence of Jim Thorpe. Jim had a terrific 1912 spring track season, winning as many as six events per meet. Thorpe made the U.S. Olympic team in four events: decathlon, pentathlon, high jump, and long jump. The Russian czar donated a Viking ship as a prize for the decathlon champion. Thorpe won the decathlon by almost 700 points over his closet opponent, Hugo Wieslander of Sweden. Because of the unexpected large number of entries, the decathlon was held over 3 days. The first day they held the 100 m run, long jump, and shot put. The second day consisted of the high jump, 400 m run, discus, and 110, hurdles. The third and final day consisted of the pole vault, javelin, and 1500 m run. Thorpe’s 8412 points converts to 6564 points on the current tables, still a very respectable score three quarters of a century later. Swedes: Hugo Wieslander, Charles Lomberg, and Gösta Holmér captured the next three spots.
Thorpe’s score was not beaten for another 15 years. In his absence, there was little decathlon activity for the remainder of the decade. Only in Sweden was the decathlon often contested. The Swedes managed to stay neutral during World War I, which forced the cancellation of the games of Berlin in 1916. Fascinatingly, decathlons were held as part of the Far Eastern Games in 1913, 1915, 1917, and 1919.
The average good decathlete competes at most three or four times a year, the less talented even fewer. Bill Toomey’s nine great efforts back in 1969 were very unusual. The Decathlon is the least common Olympic event.
The decathlete does not have to be amazing in any event to be a champion in the 10 events. But he must range from adequate in his weak events to good or better in the other skills. Because he must do well in the four runs and six field events, he has little opportunity to perfect any one event. His training is necessarily different as he strives to improve all techniques, gain strength without losing speed, and acquire the stamina to perform through a competition that lasts anywhere from 4 to 12 hours per day during the Olympics. As a reference point, a performance in the (non-decathlon) world record class would give somewhere between 1100 and 1400 points per event, totaling almost 12500 points for a full record-breaking decathlon. When compared to the 6-7000 points that a good decathlete would usually get, or the world record of slightly over 9000 points, this illustrates how much specialization must be sacrificed to become a good all-round athlete.
The decathlon is the only event in which it doesn’t matter if the athlete finishes first, second, or third in an event. The score is the thing, and for the most part decathletes compete against themselves, while watching their opponents. It is also the only event with an arbitrary scoring system and thus the only one in which personal performance and records can be broken as new scoring tables are adopted. Under the original scoring tables adopted in 1912, Akilles Järvinen of Finland finished second in both the 1928 and 1932 Olympics, but the new scoring system introduced in 1934 gave Jarvinen higher converted totals than both the men he lost to. World-record holder C.K. Yang lost 1032 points when his 1963 performance was converted late in 1964 to the new tables first used in the 1964 Olympics. His top rivals lost only 287 and 172 points when their bests were converted, and Yang dropped from the favorite to third on the pre-Games ranking, finishing a disappointing fifth.
The arbitrary nature of the scoring tables can work in the opposite direction as well. In 1984, at the Los Angeles Olympic Games, Great Britain’s Daley Thompson missed the world record by one point on then-used 1962/77 tables. The tables were changed a year later and Daley’s score in Los Angeles converted to a best-ever mark.
The decathlon world records are:
★ Men's:
★
★ Roman Å ebrle 9026 pts Götzis, AUT 27 May 2001
★ Women's:
★
★ Austra SkujytÄ— 8358 pts Columbia, USA 15 April 2005. ''Skujyte's marks total 6333 using the men's scoring tables''
Note: The decathlon point system was last changed in 1985 at an IAAF meeting in Los Angeles. There have been no changes since this time and none are anticipated.
★ Biathlon
★ Duathlon
★ Triathlon
★ Quadrathlon
★ Pentathlon
★ Modern pentathlon
★ Heptathlon
''Accurate as of September 1 2007.''
★ Jim Thorpe, U.S.
★ Bruce Jenner, U.S.
★ Bob Mathias, U.S.
★ Dmitriy Karpov, Kazakhstan.
★ Dean Macey, U.K.
★ Henrik DagÃ¥rd, Sweden.
★ Austra Skujyte, Lithuania (women's world record holder, 8358)
★ Milt Campbell, U.S.
★ Decathlon points calculator
★ Decathlon points formula
★ Hexham International Decathlon Meeting (since 1997)
★ Team Decathlon website
'Decathlon' is an athletic event combining 10 track and field events. Events are held over two consecutive days and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all events. Performance is judged on a points system in each event, not by the position achieved. The decathlon is contested by male athletes, while female athletes contest the Heptathlon.
The decathlon is a menu of athletic events, testing an individual’s speed, strength, skill, endurance, and personality. The word is of Greek origin
(deka [ten] +athlon [contest]). The decathlon includes five events on each of two successive days. The first day schedules the 100-metre run, long jump, shot put, high jump, and 400 metres. It is a day of speedy movement, explosive power, and jumping ability. Day 2 consists of the 110-metre hurdles, discus, pole vault, javelin, and 1500 metres. The importance of this day is on technique and endurance.
| Contents |
| Events |
| Origins |
| Modern standardization |
| World records |
| Other multiple event contests |
| Top ten performers |
| Other famous decathletes |
| External links |
Events
Day one:
★ 100 m
★ long jump
★ Shot put
★ high jump
★ 400 m
Day two:
★ 110 m hurdles
★ discus throw
★ pole vault
★ javelin throw
★ 1500 m
Origins
The event sprouted from the ancient game pentathlon. Pentathlon is a game that was played at the ancient Greek Olympics. Pentathlons involved five games – long jump, discus throw, javelin, sprint and a wrestling match. Introduced in Olympia during 708 BC, the game was extremely popular for many centuries. By the sixth century BC, pentathlons became part of religious games.
Gorgos, from Elis town near Olympia was a four-time pentathlon winner during the period. Another key player was Lampis, a young Spartan who was the first Olympic winner. Automedes was also a known player of the time. The last recorded game winner was Publius Asklepiades of Corinth in AD 241. Roman Emperor Theodosius I officially put an end to the game in AD 393 by closing down all the sanctuaries including Olympia.
From the mid 1700s various versions of the game emerged. The 1948 Olympics endorsed a new implication to the game. Seventeen-year-old Bob Mathias emerged as the then decathlon winner, banishing the myth that decathlon was a game for the old and the experienced. Mathias still remains the youngest decathlon sports champion in Olympic history.
Modern standardization
In 1964 the International Amateur Athletic Federation (IAAF) laid out new scoring tables and brought about some standardization in the game. The 1970s saw the game spreading to the Eastern European nations, mainly the Soviet Union, Poland and East Germany.
The first decathlon competition was held on a single day, October 15 1911, in Gothenburg, Sweden. This was technically not the first decathlon, but one of the first two, as Germany also held a decathlon on the very same day. The Germans contested their events in the same order but with a different scoring table. So, the first decathlon world-record holder was the winner of the first completed meet. Karl Hugo Wieslander, a Swede, and Karl Ritter von Halt, a German, were announced world-record holders.
The decathlon was added to the 1912 Olympic Games in Stockholm. After experience, the following order was chosen: 100 m run, long jump, shot put, high jump, and 400 m run on the first day; 110 m hurdles, discus, pole vault, javelin, and 1500 m run on the 2nd day. The Swedes also developed a set of scoring tables, based on the 1908 Olympic records. After the 1912 Stockholm Games, the tables were updated to include many new Olympic records.
The 1912 Olympic decathlon has become legend because of the presence of Jim Thorpe. Jim had a terrific 1912 spring track season, winning as many as six events per meet. Thorpe made the U.S. Olympic team in four events: decathlon, pentathlon, high jump, and long jump. The Russian czar donated a Viking ship as a prize for the decathlon champion. Thorpe won the decathlon by almost 700 points over his closet opponent, Hugo Wieslander of Sweden. Because of the unexpected large number of entries, the decathlon was held over 3 days. The first day they held the 100 m run, long jump, and shot put. The second day consisted of the high jump, 400 m run, discus, and 110, hurdles. The third and final day consisted of the pole vault, javelin, and 1500 m run. Thorpe’s 8412 points converts to 6564 points on the current tables, still a very respectable score three quarters of a century later. Swedes: Hugo Wieslander, Charles Lomberg, and Gösta Holmér captured the next three spots.
Thorpe’s score was not beaten for another 15 years. In his absence, there was little decathlon activity for the remainder of the decade. Only in Sweden was the decathlon often contested. The Swedes managed to stay neutral during World War I, which forced the cancellation of the games of Berlin in 1916. Fascinatingly, decathlons were held as part of the Far Eastern Games in 1913, 1915, 1917, and 1919.
The average good decathlete competes at most three or four times a year, the less talented even fewer. Bill Toomey’s nine great efforts back in 1969 were very unusual. The Decathlon is the least common Olympic event.
The decathlete does not have to be amazing in any event to be a champion in the 10 events. But he must range from adequate in his weak events to good or better in the other skills. Because he must do well in the four runs and six field events, he has little opportunity to perfect any one event. His training is necessarily different as he strives to improve all techniques, gain strength without losing speed, and acquire the stamina to perform through a competition that lasts anywhere from 4 to 12 hours per day during the Olympics. As a reference point, a performance in the (non-decathlon) world record class would give somewhere between 1100 and 1400 points per event, totaling almost 12500 points for a full record-breaking decathlon. When compared to the 6-7000 points that a good decathlete would usually get, or the world record of slightly over 9000 points, this illustrates how much specialization must be sacrificed to become a good all-round athlete.
The decathlon is the only event in which it doesn’t matter if the athlete finishes first, second, or third in an event. The score is the thing, and for the most part decathletes compete against themselves, while watching their opponents. It is also the only event with an arbitrary scoring system and thus the only one in which personal performance and records can be broken as new scoring tables are adopted. Under the original scoring tables adopted in 1912, Akilles Järvinen of Finland finished second in both the 1928 and 1932 Olympics, but the new scoring system introduced in 1934 gave Jarvinen higher converted totals than both the men he lost to. World-record holder C.K. Yang lost 1032 points when his 1963 performance was converted late in 1964 to the new tables first used in the 1964 Olympics. His top rivals lost only 287 and 172 points when their bests were converted, and Yang dropped from the favorite to third on the pre-Games ranking, finishing a disappointing fifth.
The arbitrary nature of the scoring tables can work in the opposite direction as well. In 1984, at the Los Angeles Olympic Games, Great Britain’s Daley Thompson missed the world record by one point on then-used 1962/77 tables. The tables were changed a year later and Daley’s score in Los Angeles converted to a best-ever mark.
World records
The decathlon world records are:
★ Men's:
★
★ Roman Å ebrle 9026 pts Götzis, AUT 27 May 2001
★ Women's:
★
★ Austra SkujytÄ— 8358 pts Columbia, USA 15 April 2005. ''Skujyte's marks total 6333 using the men's scoring tables''
Note: The decathlon point system was last changed in 1985 at an IAAF meeting in Los Angeles. There have been no changes since this time and none are anticipated.
Other multiple event contests
★ Biathlon
★ Duathlon
★ Triathlon
★ Quadrathlon
★ Pentathlon
★ Modern pentathlon
★ Heptathlon
Top ten performers
''Accurate as of September 1 2007.''
| Mark | Athlete | Nationality | Venue | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9026 | Roman Šebrle | Götzis | May 27 2001 | |
| 8994 | Tomáš Dvořák | Prague | July 4 1999 | |
| 8891 | Dan O'Brien | Talence | September 9 1992 | |
| 8847 | Daley Thompson | Los Angeles | August 9 1984 | |
| 8832 | Jürgen Hingsen | Mannheim | June 9 1984 | |
| 8820 | Bryan Clay | Athens | August 24 2004 | |
| 8815 | Erki Nool | Edmonton | August 7 2001 | |
| 8792 | Uwe Freimuth | Potsdam | July 21 1984 | |
| 8784 | Tom Pappas | Palo Alto | June 22 2003 | |
| 8762 | Siegfried Wentz | Bernhausen | June 5 1983 |
Other famous decathletes
★ Jim Thorpe, U.S.
★ Bruce Jenner, U.S.
★ Bob Mathias, U.S.
★ Dmitriy Karpov, Kazakhstan.
★ Dean Macey, U.K.
★ Henrik DagÃ¥rd, Sweden.
★ Austra Skujyte, Lithuania (women's world record holder, 8358)
★ Milt Campbell, U.S.
External links
★ Decathlon points calculator
★ Decathlon points formula
★ Hexham International Decathlon Meeting (since 1997)
★ Team Decathlon website
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