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EspañolDEVELOPMENT HELL
'"Development hell"' is media-industry jargon for a film, television screenplay or computer game[1]
(or sometimes just a concept or idea) getting stuck in development and never going into production. The film industry buys rights to many popular novels, but it may take years for them to make it to the theater, and there may be considerable changes if in fact they do ever become movies.[2]
In the case of a film or television screenplay, the screenwriter may have successfully sold a screenplay to a certain set of producers or studio executives, but then new executives can be assigned to the project, and these new executives may raise objections to all the scripts and casting decisions they oversee, mandating rewrites and recasting. As a director and actors become "attached" to the project, further rewrites and recasting may be done in order to accommodate the needs of the new talents involved in the project. Should the project fail to meet their needs, they might leave the project or simply refuse to complete it, causing further rewrites and recasting.
Worse still is when a finished project (for example, a television pilot) is sent back for rewrites and recasting, which can often force a project to begin again from scratch.
This process can last for months or years, and a project trapped in this state will more often than not be abandoned by all interested parties or cancelled outright. Hollywood starts ten times as many projects as are released, so many scripts will, of necessity, languish.[3] Many times, this "Hell" occurs simply due to the lack of foresight and competing visions of those parties involved. This revolving door in the film industry happens most commonly with projects that, to some, may have multiple interpretations and affect several points of view.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
Originally slated to go into production in the early 1980s, and to star Frank Sinatra, Goldie Hawn and Liza Minnelli, the film never got past the development stage due to the death of director Bob Fosse.[11] After a successful stage revival, Miramax attempted to produce a film version starring Madonna and Goldie Hawn. Filming was repeatedly delayed over troubles involving developing a suitable script, hiring a director and casting issues, with actresses like Nicole Kidman, Charlize Theron, Cameron Diaz, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Rosie O'Donnell signing on to the project, only to drop out shortly thereafter.
The project remained in development hell, with various names attached to the project until screenwriter Bill Condon and director Rob Marshall constructed a feasible story concept and found stars willing to remain committed to the project. Eventually, the film would be released in 2002, starring Renée Zellweger, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Richard Gere and Queen Latifah. and would also garner six Academy Awards, including Best Picture of 2002.
This film moved from potential director to potential director (amongst them Alejandro Jodorowsky and Ridley Scott) throughout the 1970s until David Lynch was placed in control of it. The film was eventually released in 1984, and re-made as a TV Miniseries in the late 1990s.[1]
Plans for a movie based on Orson Scott Card's acclaimed science fiction novel have been floating around since 1996, when Card began working with Lynn Hendee and Robert Chartoff of Chartoff Productions to bring it to the screen. It was officially announced in 2002 that Warner Bros. had optioned both ''Ender's Game'' and its companion novel ''Ender's Shadow'' for a movie that would integrate the story lines of both books, with Hendee as lead producer and Wolfgang Petersen signed to direct. However, progress has stalled since then, as Card and the studio have struggled to create a satisfactory script. Several scriptwriters have come and gone, and as of March, 2006, Card himself was working on a brand new script not based on any previous drafts. Hendee and Peterson are still committed to the project, but there is still no known timetable for production.[12]
In 1988, '' was originally supposed to be the film in which Freddy and Jason clash. Plans fell through when Paramount Pictures, who owned the Jason Voorhees character and the ''Friday the 13th series'', and New Line Cinema, who owned the Freddy Krueger character and the Nightmare on Elm Street series, couldn't reach an agreement. Fifteen years later, the film was able to be made because New Line bought the Jason Voorhees character and now owns it.
The Halo film was in development hell after a studio backout, but it is currently in production.
Dino De Laurentiis spent $9 million for the screen rights to novelist Thomas Harris' sequel to ''The Silence of the Lambs'', but the ending was considered "too grisly." During this film's development hell, playwright David Mamet and screenwriters Steven Zaillian (''Schindler's List'') and Ted Tally (''The Silence of the Lambs'') worked on producing a satisfactory screenplay.[13]
The film was in development hell from 1982 until it was finally green-lighted in 2003, two years after Douglas Adams, the author of the novel and the screenplay, had died. Adams once remarked, "Getting a movie made in Hollywood is like trying to grill a steak by having a succession of people coming into the room and breathing on it." [2] The fim was eventually made and released in 2005.
A live-action movie version of ''Metroid'' was reportedly in development by Lion Rock Productions, based around Samus Aran, along with her early battles with the Metroids and the Mother Brain. It was scheduled to be released in theaters around 2006, but no word has been heard on the title since.
A second attempt was supposedly being made by Hollywood director John Woo, though no recent news has been heard on that either.
An Andrew Lloyd Webber musical to languish in years of development, production on the film began in the early 1990s, with original stage stars Michael Crawford and Sarah Brightman. However, when Brightman and Lloyd Webber divorced, the project stalled. Various directors including Shekhar Kapur and stars such as John Travolta and Antonio Banderas came and went, before the film was finally produced in 2004 directed by Joel Schumacher and starring Emmy Rossum and Gerard Butler.[14]
Early in the millennium, actor Morgan Freeman expressed his desire to produce a film based on Arthur C. Clarke's novel ''Rendezvous with Rama''. Though it has been a long wait - which Freeman states has been due to difficulties in procuring funding for the movie - it now appears this will indeed be happening. IMDB, as of February 2007, upgraded the status of the project to announced in 2009. The film is to be produced by Freeman's production company, Revelations Entertainment. The website of this company [3] - at the moment of writing, April 2007 - is still touting David Fincher as director. It must be noted however, that the section on Rama on the company's website has remained virtually unchanged for years and may not be current.
A popular science-fiction web site (Sci Fi Wire) posted a 2003 interview with Freeman about his troubles with the production. [4]
A film adaptation of Philip K. Dick's novel ''A Scanner Darkly'' had been in development for years. According to the book ''Dark Knights & Holy Fools'', director Terry Gilliam was interested in directing an adaptation of the book, but was unable to secure funding, and so the project was abandoned. At one point, Charlie Kaufman was tagged to adapt the screenplay, but when the project changed hands, Kaufman was no longer involved.[15] In 2006, an animated version directed by Richard Linklater using the rotoscoping process was released.
Sequel to the 1980 Hazel O'Connor film Breaking Glass was filmed in 2002 and due to be released alongside the DVD release of the original film. When the DVD was eventually cancelled the film was put on hold and is still waiting for a release date. According to Hazel's website, she was not asked to appear in the sequel which brought the band back for a reunion album and tour and was set in the late 1980s.
A remake/additional film of ''Superman'',[16] titled ''Superman Lives'', was initially proposed by producer Jon Peters; it was to be directed by Tim Burton and would star Nicolas Cage. This project was ultimately canceled, though there are several known versions of the script that took on possible storylines, such as Superman's death at the hands of Doomsday and his resurrection, departing from the established storyline at varying degrees.
Director Kevin Smith is said to have written a script for this picture and in interviews has discussed several alleged elements of his involvement with the project including the producer's insistence that Superman could not fly. Wolfgang Petersen was attached to develop a joint Superman/Batman film, ''Batman vs. Superman'', but this also fell through.
A second script by J.J. Abrams had various directors attached with Brett Ratner, and McG actually commissioning set designs. In 2004, it was announced that production would start on a new script with Bryan Singer as director; this version was released in 2006. It has been said by producers and director Bryan Singer that a 2009 sequel is going ahead.[17]
In 2001 on IGN, Michael Jai White had an interview about ''Spawn 2'' and planned to be released any time soon.[18] Then in an interview with Todd McFarlane, he said "''Spawn 2'' is not going to a super hero film like the first and we may not see Spawn in the film."[19] Then in 2002 Columbia Pictures got the rights to distribute the second ''Spawn'' film.[20] Then producer Don Murphy (''The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen'') confirmed the Scribe's involvement with the long-in-development sequel.[20] In an interview with Comics2Film on IGN to plug the release of ''The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen'', producer Don Murphy spilled the beans about a number of other comic book/genre projects he currently has in development. First, Murphy revealed that ''The Transformers'' has already caught the interest of four or five directors after the live-action adaptation of the popular cartoon and toy line was announced. Among those that Murphy cites as being contenders to helm ''''Transformers'''' are Michael Bay (''Pearl Harbor'', ''Bad Boys II''), Oscar-winner Robert Zemeckis (''Forrest Gump'', ''Back to the Future'') and Joseph Kahn (the forthcoming ''Torque''). Murphy is producing ''Transformers'' along with ''X-Men''' s Tom De Santo. Murphy was less optimistic, though, about the long-in-development ''Spawn 2'' and ''Astro Boy'', the latter's gestation Murphy calls "beyond frustrating." "First Sony was gonna make it live-action, then they didn't make it live-action because of ''A.I.'' Now they spent the last year and half trying to make it [CG] animated," Murphy said. "Of all the projects I have right now it's certainly the most frustrating. I can't tell you what's going on with it because I don't really understand what's going on with it at the moment. It was always Amy Pascal's favorite film. I happen to think whoever made that film would make a lot of money, it would be a big hit, and have a franchise. It's not even that hard. It's ''Pinocchio''." Another Sony-based project of Murphy's is ''Spawn 2'', which Hans Rodionoff has scripted. "Sam and Twitch are prominent characters," the producer revealed. "This movie is smaller and perhaps even cooler and scarier... We turned in the draft to Sony. Sony's a mess. I'm not sure where that stands at the moment. If Sony doesn't make it I'm sure that New Line would want their franchise back."[22] Then in 2006 an interview with Todd McFarlane saying that ''Spawn 2'' has been stuck in "development hell" due to Don Murphy being busy with other films. Todd McFarlane repeated plans for the ''Torso'' movie, the new ''Spawn'' animation, and the live-action ''Spawn'' film he plans to finance, write, produce and direct himself by the end of the year for less than $10 million. The film was inspired by ''Crash,'' which McFarlane says made a huge impact on him and shows you can make a successful film for less than $10 million. He is currently trying to get an R rating and a release for the film in late 2008 .[23][24]
As mentioned in the DVD bonus features, the author of the book had tried unsuccessfully since the mid-1990s before the film was produced.
In the 1980s, Steven Spielberg bought the movie rights to The Adventures of Tintin, the internationally renowned Belgian comic book created by Hergé (George Remi). Spielberg intended to make three original scripted films, although Roman Polanski (one of the proposed directors) preferred to make a movie of King Ottokar's Sceptre. Between the autumn of 1984 and the spring of 1986, Spielberg rejected several scripts. In one of them, Melissa Matheson (writer of ''E.T.'') placed Tintin in Africa. This time he would have saved elephants from ivory dealers and also find time to fall in love with a girl. Christopher Lambert was one of those proposed to play the title role. He has talked briefly about Spielberg's defunct Tintin-project and mentioned that Spielberg used some Tintin storyboard shots for ''Indiana Jones and The Last Crusade''.
Other suggested Tintins were Henry Thomas, the young hero from ''E.T.'', and the pre-''Titanic'' Leonardo DiCaprio. As Captain Haddock, both Jack Nicholson and Sean Connery have been in consideration. In 1988 this project was abandoned but lately there have been reports that Spielberg has renewed his interest in bringing the young reporter to the cinemas. The latest idea on how to present Tintin on the movie screen apparently is 3D computer-generated animation. The Hergé Foundation reportedly gets at least one serious film proposal a month and Nick Rodwell (Moulinsart S.A.) has been quoted saying he would like a Tintin movie like Shrek.[25]
As of May 2007, Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson announced they would be teaming to direct and produce three back-to-back features of Tintin for DreamWorks. Pics would be produced in full digital 3-D using performance capture technology.
The two filmmakers would each direct at least one of the movies; no information is available for which director would helm the third. Kathleen Kennedy would join Spielberg and Jackson as a producer on the three films, which might be released through DreamWorks Animation.[26]
Main articles: Command & Conquer: Red Alert series#Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3 (T.B.C.), l1=Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3
Unofficially announced in December 2004, this game never made it to production. Insteed the development studio working on the project, EA Los Angeles, went on with ''.[27]
Main articles: Daikatana
The game, originally announced in March 1997, met with numerous delays and fracturing within development studio Ion Storm before finally being released in April 2000. The game has since been known as one of the major commercial failures of the computer game industry.
Main articles: Duke Nukem Forever
''Forever'' is the sequel to the 3D Realms first-person shooter ''Duke Nukem 3D'' on the PC, which was released in January 1996. ''Forever'' was announced in April 1997 and as of 2007 is currently still in development. The long development period has been put down to lack of manpower early in the project, game engine changes, content remakes and team members leaving during the development. As of 2006, 3D Realms has said they are firmly on track to getting the game into production. They have not set any firm release dates or released new media since 2001, when they stated that ''Forever'' would be released "when it's done", [5] until 2007 when a small in-game screenshot was released by 3D Realms as part of their job advertisement.
'Elite 4' is a video game proposed by Frontier Developments, specifically by David Braben. It can also be written as 'Elite IV'.
It will be a sequel to 1984's ''Elite'', that Braben and his former associate, Ian Bell, wrote primarily for the BBC Micro. Two other sequels, ''Frontier: Elite II'' and ''Frontier: First Encounters'', were released in the 1990s, during which time Braben and Bell had an acrimonious falling out.
Features promised for ''Elite 4'' include Newtonian gravity, realistic star systems and the ability to land on planets.
''Elite 4'' is considered by many to be Vaporware, meaning it looks unlikely that it will ever appear. It was first proposed back in 1998, and while many games these days can take several years to complete (for example, ''Frontier'' took five-and-a-half-years) there have been no formal previews, screenshots, press releases or progress reports released for ''Elite 4''. A pair of character screenshots, technical background on a real-time animation system, and a brief discussion of its implications for character nuance, were included in an Edge magazine feature on animation circa 2000. Since then, the only details about the game provided by the developers are found in a brief FAQ on Frontier Development's site which does not appear to have been updated since 2001.
In September 2005, play.com had a pre-order form for Elite 4, listed as scheduled for release in September 2006. [6] However, Frontier Developments informed a fansite that play.com's release date was merely speculation on their behalf and that no release date had been formally given. [7] ''Elite'' fans have, at least, taken some joy that this incident and Frontier Development's response implies the game is still in serious production.
Some consider the spiritual successor to Elite to be the MMO EVE Online.
An early version of Fallout 3 codenamed ''Van Buren'' was developed by Black Isle Studios in 2003. After Interplay Entertainment, the publisher of the Fallout game series and owner of Black Isle, declared bankruptcy, ''Van Buren'' was canceled and the rights to Fallout 3 were sold to Bethesda Softworks, the creators of The Elder Scrolls series. No details emerged on the project until June 2007 when a teaser trailer was released.
(also known as 'Jazz Jackrabbit 3D' or 'Jazz3D' because of its step forward from 2D to 3D-graphics)
The awaited sequel for Epic Games' popular platform-shooter ''Jazz Jackrabbit 2'' was developed by World Tree Games using the new Unreal Engine at that time around 1999. Epic Games tried hard to find publishers but failed, and in May 2000 the project was canceled. Since then the early alpha build of the game has been leaked onto the Internet. Furthermore an official FAQ has been published on the internet on the developers' behalf on Jazz2Online.com.
However, a potential revival of the game is under planning. Cliff Bleszinski has announced that he's still interested in offering the project for sponsoring by publishers.[28] Although he doesn't want to reveal too many details about the game, he has announced a potential idea could be the hero Jazz Jackrabbit getting in trouble with the Turtle Mafia.
Main articles: Prey (video game)
''Prey'' has seen several attempts of complete rewrites starting in 1995, right after 3D Realms finished ''Rise of the Triad''. The main developers always left for different reasons, with the self-made engines turning out to be troublesome [8]. The last incarnation by Human Head Studios with the licensed Doom 3 engine has been successful, releasing the game in 2006, eleven years later with positive reviews.
This game has been in developmental Hell since the fall of the Dreamcast in 2002. The series has suffered the same fate. It is one of the few games in developmental hell to be a direct story-driven sequel in which the previous installment (Shenmue 2) left the player with the story unfinished (ie: "to be continued"). Sega has made little mention of this sequel, as it was originally planned on the Xbox and industry focus has shifted to the Xbox 360. Many fans feel betrayed by Sega for leaving them with an unfinished story without closure or even climax.
Since Sega announced a development plan in 2003 for PS2...there was a under the radar ancipition for it coming out. Some speculation says it would be in development for Wii, because Skies of Arcadia Legends came out for Gamecube.
Main articles: S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl
''S.T.A.L.K.E.R.'' was first announced in late 2001 and its original release date in 2003 was pushed back several times. It was released in March 2007.
Taikodom after much hype and a open beta release, got the release postponed, and the production re-started, nearly from scratch, after a bad player reception.
Team Fortress 2 has been in development since 1998 and is currently planned to release sometime in the second half of 2007.
Metroid Dread is a possible sequel to Metroid Fusion for the DS. It was announced in 2005
The term "development hell" has also been applied to automobiles - not for concept cars, but for vehicles that either were being developed for production but never produced, or for vehicles which went through many delays before being produced.
===Dodge Durango Hybrid===
In 2000, DaimlerChrysler said that they started development on a hybrid version of the Dodge Durango, just after the release of the Honda Insight and the Toyota Prius. Dodge claimed that it will have a conventional gas engine powering the rear wheels, and an electric motor powering the front wheels. Tech Stuff: Dodge Durango Hybrid Dodge originally claimed that it was to be released in 2003, but it never was. Instead, they released a redesigned Durango. The second-generation's hybrid version is slated to go on sale for the 2009 model year.
===1998 Eagle Vision===
When Chrysler set to redesign its LH cars, they redesigned the Eagle Vision using a nearly different body and components than the Dodge Intrepid and Chrysler Concorde. However, the Eagle Vision was discontinued in 1997, and the Eagle brand was cut in 1998, the same year that the new LH platform cars were released.
As a result, the 1998 Eagle Vision fell into development hell, and sat unreleased. It escaped in 1999, when it was released as the Chrysler 300M.
===Ford Ecostar===
During the fad for electric vehicles in the nineties, Ford was developing an electric vehicle called the Ecostar, which was based off of the Ford Escort. TODAY in Ford history: Feb 3
Although Chrysler and General Motors released their electric vehicles to the public, the Chrysler TEVan and General Motors EV1, respectively, the Ecostar dropped out of public sight as Ford focused on other projects and still hasn't been released.
Ford began a project in the mid 1980s to build a 2 seater "fun car", which was to compete with the Pontiac Fiero and Toyota MR2. SHO N' Tell Ford had jointly developed an engine for this car with Yamaha, which they locked in a deal with to produce. However, by the late 80s, popularity for the "fun" cars decreased dramatically, and Ford abandoned the project. To use up the engines, Ford put them into the Ford Taurus, thus creating the high performance SHO model.
With fox bodied Mustang sales dropping, Ford decided to replace the rear-wheel drive Mustang with an aerodynamic front-wheel driven model. Ford Probe History Ford jointly developed the model with Mazda. Ford planned to release it in 1987, but when it was ready for release, Ford was met with many letters of protest from Mustang fans. As a result, Ford continued production of the rear-wheel drive Mustang, and the Mustang III fell into development hell. The Mustang III escaped development hell in 1989, when it was released as the Probe (a named borrowed from an earlier Ford concept vehicle). The Probe proved largely unsuccessful (despite a redesign in 1994 with more power), and was cut by 1997 (with annual sales hovering around 50,000-60,000 units). The Mustang (in traditional RWD form) continues in production and has recently enjoyed a healthy sales increase thanks to major refresh (on the old platform) in 1994 and 1999, and a complete (retro-themed) redesign in 2005 on a new platform (still front engine, RWD).
===Jeep Grand Cherokee===
The Jeep Grand Cherokee was originally under development by American Motors as early as 1983 as a replacement for the Jeep Cherokee. 1993-2004 Jeep Grand Cherokee Development was done by 1987, and when then Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca first heard about it, he desperately wanted it, as well as the Jeep brand. As a result, this became the driving force behind a Chrysler buyout of American Motors in 1987. Chrysler originally planned to release the Grand Cherokee in 1988, but Iacocca ordered instead for the Dodge Caravan and Plymouth Voyager to be redesigned, and as a result, Chrysler couldn't put the Grand Cherokee into production due to a lack of corporate funds. Because of this, the Grand Cherokee fell into development hell until it was finally released in 1993. The Grand Cherokee turned out to be a resounding success, and is still in production today.
===Mercury Sable LTS===
With the release of models such as the Buick LeSabre T-Type and the Oldsmobile Touring Sedan, Mercury was developing a luxury touring model to compete with them. This model was to be called the Mercury Sable LTS, and it was to use the suspension, interior, and drivetrain of the Ford Taurus SHO, but not the engine. 50th Anniversery Sable As a test bed for this model, a special edition 50th anniversery Sable was released with the with the chassis and drivetrain of the LTS. However, the Taurus SHO turned out to sell more than Ford expected, so they focused most of their funds towards selling and marketing the SHO, and the LTS fell into development hell. The LTS escaped in 1994 when it was added as a top tier model of Sable. However, it was more or less composed of features that were optional on the Sable LS.
===Vector W2===
The Vector W2 was first displayed in 1978 by Vector Supercars, which was the effort of entrepreneur Gerald Wiegert to sell an American made supercar. The original W2 prototype was an engineless shell, but it was mobile and production-ready by 1982. Wiegert intended to produce the W2, but never had the money to do it. As a result, the W2 fell into development hell, until it was produced as the Vector W8 ten years later.
★ Shelved
★ Film production
★ Vaporware
1. "Interactive development: The new hell," Marx, Andy. Variety. New York: Feb 28, 1994.Vol.354, Iss. 4; pg. 1
2. "How My Novel Was Almost 'Developed' Into Oblivion," By WARREN ADLER, New York Times. New York, N.Y.: Oct 3, 1999. p. AR11
3. "Cover Story: Writers Paid for Movies Never Made," Spillman, Susan. USA TODAY. McLean, Va.: Jan 16, 1991. pg. D1
4. "Dept. of development hell," Kerrie Mitchell. Premiere. (American edition). New York: Feb 2005.Vol.18, Iss. 5; pg. 40
5. "Development hell," Geoffrey Macnab. Sight and Sound. London: Sep 2004.Vol.14, Iss. 9; pg. 4
6. "Dog days in development hell," Peter Bart. Variety. New York: Aug 28-Sep 3, 2000.Vol.380, Iss. 2; pg. 4
7. "Books Into Movies: Part 2," Warren, Patricia Nell. Lambda Book Report. Washington: Apr 2000.Vol.8, Iss. 9; pg. 9. (Best selling novel The Front Runner has spent over 25 years in development hell)
8. "Movies: You've Read the Book... --- Now Watch the Movie Rot in Development Hell," By John Lippman. Wall Street Journal. (Eastern edition). New York, N.Y.: May 10, 1999. pg. B.1
9. " I know what you're doing next summer, Mr. Studio Executive," Bart, Peter. GQ : Gentlemen's Quarterly. New York: Mar 1999.Vol.69, Iss. 3; pg. 151. ("the strange process known as development hell")
10. "Development Hell," Horowitz, Joy. American Film. New York: Nov 1987.Vol.13, Iss. 2; pg. 53 (The novella "Forever" has spent over 50 years in development hell.)
11. "Gwen Verdon remembered," Mark Steyn. The Spectator. London: Oct 28, 2000.Vol.285, Iss. 8986; pg. 71.(Chicago spent years in "the circles of development hell.")
12. Progress reports on ''Ender's Game'', last update March 22, 2006
13. "In the picture," [Echofeat Edition]Steve Pratt. Northern Echo. Darlington (UK): Aug 18, 2000. pg. 13
14. "'Phantom' finally unmasks," Anonymous. Variety. New York: Dec 13-Dec 19, 2004.Vol.397, Iss. 4; pg. 59 (".. a decade-plus of development hell..")
15. IMDb
16. "Maguire weaves sticky web," Anonymous. Variety. New York: Apr 21-Apr 27, 2003.Vol.390, Iss. 10; pg. 5(Superman was stalled in development hell when they couldn't select a lead)
17. "'Superman Returns' directed by Man of Ideals: A fan since childhood, Bryan Singer continues story of hero his way,"
George M. Thomas. The Akron Beacon Journal, Ohio, distributed by Knight Ridder Tribune Business News. Washington: Jun 30, 2006. pg. 1. ("stuck in a decade of development hell")
18. http://movies.ign.com/articles/036/036880p1.html
19. http://movies.ign.com/articles/301/301958p1.html
20. http://movies.ign.com/articles/379/379178p1.html
21. http://movies.ign.com/articles/379/379178p1.html
22. http://movies.ign.com/articles/428/428082p1.html
23. http://www.themovieblog.com/archives/2005/03/spawn_2_in_development.html
24. http://www.comics2film.com/FanFrame.php?f_id=16942
25. http://www.angelfire.com/space/u_line/steven.htm
26. http://www.variety.com/VR1117964927.html
27. The Next C&C Game: A Red Alert Title!
28. http://www.g4tv.com/g4tv/episodes/4306/Summer_Better_Than_Others.html
(or sometimes just a concept or idea) getting stuck in development and never going into production. The film industry buys rights to many popular novels, but it may take years for them to make it to the theater, and there may be considerable changes if in fact they do ever become movies.[2]
In the case of a film or television screenplay, the screenwriter may have successfully sold a screenplay to a certain set of producers or studio executives, but then new executives can be assigned to the project, and these new executives may raise objections to all the scripts and casting decisions they oversee, mandating rewrites and recasting. As a director and actors become "attached" to the project, further rewrites and recasting may be done in order to accommodate the needs of the new talents involved in the project. Should the project fail to meet their needs, they might leave the project or simply refuse to complete it, causing further rewrites and recasting.
Worse still is when a finished project (for example, a television pilot) is sent back for rewrites and recasting, which can often force a project to begin again from scratch.
This process can last for months or years, and a project trapped in this state will more often than not be abandoned by all interested parties or cancelled outright. Hollywood starts ten times as many projects as are released, so many scripts will, of necessity, languish.[3] Many times, this "Hell" occurs simply due to the lack of foresight and competing visions of those parties involved. This revolving door in the film industry happens most commonly with projects that, to some, may have multiple interpretations and affect several points of view.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]
Films
Chicago
Originally slated to go into production in the early 1980s, and to star Frank Sinatra, Goldie Hawn and Liza Minnelli, the film never got past the development stage due to the death of director Bob Fosse.[11] After a successful stage revival, Miramax attempted to produce a film version starring Madonna and Goldie Hawn. Filming was repeatedly delayed over troubles involving developing a suitable script, hiring a director and casting issues, with actresses like Nicole Kidman, Charlize Theron, Cameron Diaz, Gwyneth Paltrow, and Rosie O'Donnell signing on to the project, only to drop out shortly thereafter.
The project remained in development hell, with various names attached to the project until screenwriter Bill Condon and director Rob Marshall constructed a feasible story concept and found stars willing to remain committed to the project. Eventually, the film would be released in 2002, starring Renée Zellweger, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Richard Gere and Queen Latifah. and would also garner six Academy Awards, including Best Picture of 2002.
Dune
This film moved from potential director to potential director (amongst them Alejandro Jodorowsky and Ridley Scott) throughout the 1970s until David Lynch was placed in control of it. The film was eventually released in 1984, and re-made as a TV Miniseries in the late 1990s.[1]
Ender's Game
Plans for a movie based on Orson Scott Card's acclaimed science fiction novel have been floating around since 1996, when Card began working with Lynn Hendee and Robert Chartoff of Chartoff Productions to bring it to the screen. It was officially announced in 2002 that Warner Bros. had optioned both ''Ender's Game'' and its companion novel ''Ender's Shadow'' for a movie that would integrate the story lines of both books, with Hendee as lead producer and Wolfgang Petersen signed to direct. However, progress has stalled since then, as Card and the studio have struggled to create a satisfactory script. Several scriptwriters have come and gone, and as of March, 2006, Card himself was working on a brand new script not based on any previous drafts. Hendee and Peterson are still committed to the project, but there is still no known timetable for production.[12]
Freddy Vs. Jason
In 1988, '' was originally supposed to be the film in which Freddy and Jason clash. Plans fell through when Paramount Pictures, who owned the Jason Voorhees character and the ''Friday the 13th series'', and New Line Cinema, who owned the Freddy Krueger character and the Nightmare on Elm Street series, couldn't reach an agreement. Fifteen years later, the film was able to be made because New Line bought the Jason Voorhees character and now owns it.
Halo
The Halo film was in development hell after a studio backout, but it is currently in production.
Hannibal
Dino De Laurentiis spent $9 million for the screen rights to novelist Thomas Harris' sequel to ''The Silence of the Lambs'', but the ending was considered "too grisly." During this film's development hell, playwright David Mamet and screenwriters Steven Zaillian (''Schindler's List'') and Ted Tally (''The Silence of the Lambs'') worked on producing a satisfactory screenplay.[13]
The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
The film was in development hell from 1982 until it was finally green-lighted in 2003, two years after Douglas Adams, the author of the novel and the screenplay, had died. Adams once remarked, "Getting a movie made in Hollywood is like trying to grill a steak by having a succession of people coming into the room and breathing on it." [2] The fim was eventually made and released in 2005.
Metroid
A live-action movie version of ''Metroid'' was reportedly in development by Lion Rock Productions, based around Samus Aran, along with her early battles with the Metroids and the Mother Brain. It was scheduled to be released in theaters around 2006, but no word has been heard on the title since.
A second attempt was supposedly being made by Hollywood director John Woo, though no recent news has been heard on that either.
The Phantom of the Opera
An Andrew Lloyd Webber musical to languish in years of development, production on the film began in the early 1990s, with original stage stars Michael Crawford and Sarah Brightman. However, when Brightman and Lloyd Webber divorced, the project stalled. Various directors including Shekhar Kapur and stars such as John Travolta and Antonio Banderas came and went, before the film was finally produced in 2004 directed by Joel Schumacher and starring Emmy Rossum and Gerard Butler.[14]
Rendezvous with Rama
Early in the millennium, actor Morgan Freeman expressed his desire to produce a film based on Arthur C. Clarke's novel ''Rendezvous with Rama''. Though it has been a long wait - which Freeman states has been due to difficulties in procuring funding for the movie - it now appears this will indeed be happening. IMDB, as of February 2007, upgraded the status of the project to announced in 2009. The film is to be produced by Freeman's production company, Revelations Entertainment. The website of this company [3] - at the moment of writing, April 2007 - is still touting David Fincher as director. It must be noted however, that the section on Rama on the company's website has remained virtually unchanged for years and may not be current.
A popular science-fiction web site (Sci Fi Wire) posted a 2003 interview with Freeman about his troubles with the production. [4]
A Scanner Darkly
A film adaptation of Philip K. Dick's novel ''A Scanner Darkly'' had been in development for years. According to the book ''Dark Knights & Holy Fools'', director Terry Gilliam was interested in directing an adaptation of the book, but was unable to secure funding, and so the project was abandoned. At one point, Charlie Kaufman was tagged to adapt the screenplay, but when the project changed hands, Kaufman was no longer involved.[15] In 2006, an animated version directed by Richard Linklater using the rotoscoping process was released.
Shattered Glass
Sequel to the 1980 Hazel O'Connor film Breaking Glass was filmed in 2002 and due to be released alongside the DVD release of the original film. When the DVD was eventually cancelled the film was put on hold and is still waiting for a release date. According to Hazel's website, she was not asked to appear in the sequel which brought the band back for a reunion album and tour and was set in the late 1980s.
Superman Returns
A remake/additional film of ''Superman'',[16] titled ''Superman Lives'', was initially proposed by producer Jon Peters; it was to be directed by Tim Burton and would star Nicolas Cage. This project was ultimately canceled, though there are several known versions of the script that took on possible storylines, such as Superman's death at the hands of Doomsday and his resurrection, departing from the established storyline at varying degrees.
Director Kevin Smith is said to have written a script for this picture and in interviews has discussed several alleged elements of his involvement with the project including the producer's insistence that Superman could not fly. Wolfgang Petersen was attached to develop a joint Superman/Batman film, ''Batman vs. Superman'', but this also fell through.
A second script by J.J. Abrams had various directors attached with Brett Ratner, and McG actually commissioning set designs. In 2004, it was announced that production would start on a new script with Bryan Singer as director; this version was released in 2006. It has been said by producers and director Bryan Singer that a 2009 sequel is going ahead.[17]
Spawn 2
In 2001 on IGN, Michael Jai White had an interview about ''Spawn 2'' and planned to be released any time soon.[18] Then in an interview with Todd McFarlane, he said "''Spawn 2'' is not going to a super hero film like the first and we may not see Spawn in the film."[19] Then in 2002 Columbia Pictures got the rights to distribute the second ''Spawn'' film.[20] Then producer Don Murphy (''The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen'') confirmed the Scribe's involvement with the long-in-development sequel.[20] In an interview with Comics2Film on IGN to plug the release of ''The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen'', producer Don Murphy spilled the beans about a number of other comic book/genre projects he currently has in development. First, Murphy revealed that ''The Transformers'' has already caught the interest of four or five directors after the live-action adaptation of the popular cartoon and toy line was announced. Among those that Murphy cites as being contenders to helm ''''Transformers'''' are Michael Bay (''Pearl Harbor'', ''Bad Boys II''), Oscar-winner Robert Zemeckis (''Forrest Gump'', ''Back to the Future'') and Joseph Kahn (the forthcoming ''Torque''). Murphy is producing ''Transformers'' along with ''X-Men''
Thank You For Smoking
As mentioned in the DVD bonus features, the author of the book had tried unsuccessfully since the mid-1990s before the film was produced.
Tintin
In the 1980s, Steven Spielberg bought the movie rights to The Adventures of Tintin, the internationally renowned Belgian comic book created by Hergé (George Remi). Spielberg intended to make three original scripted films, although Roman Polanski (one of the proposed directors) preferred to make a movie of King Ottokar's Sceptre. Between the autumn of 1984 and the spring of 1986, Spielberg rejected several scripts. In one of them, Melissa Matheson (writer of ''E.T.'') placed Tintin in Africa. This time he would have saved elephants from ivory dealers and also find time to fall in love with a girl. Christopher Lambert was one of those proposed to play the title role. He has talked briefly about Spielberg's defunct Tintin-project and mentioned that Spielberg used some Tintin storyboard shots for ''Indiana Jones and The Last Crusade''.
Other suggested Tintins were Henry Thomas, the young hero from ''E.T.'', and the pre-''Titanic'' Leonardo DiCaprio. As Captain Haddock, both Jack Nicholson and Sean Connery have been in consideration. In 1988 this project was abandoned but lately there have been reports that Spielberg has renewed his interest in bringing the young reporter to the cinemas. The latest idea on how to present Tintin on the movie screen apparently is 3D computer-generated animation. The Hergé Foundation reportedly gets at least one serious film proposal a month and Nick Rodwell (Moulinsart S.A.) has been quoted saying he would like a Tintin movie like Shrek.[25]
As of May 2007, Steven Spielberg and Peter Jackson announced they would be teaming to direct and produce three back-to-back features of Tintin for DreamWorks. Pics would be produced in full digital 3-D using performance capture technology.
The two filmmakers would each direct at least one of the movies; no information is available for which director would helm the third. Kathleen Kennedy would join Spielberg and Jackson as a producer on the three films, which might be released through DreamWorks Animation.[26]
Video games
''Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3''
Main articles: Command & Conquer: Red Alert series#Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3 (T.B.C.), l1=Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3
Unofficially announced in December 2004, this game never made it to production. Insteed the development studio working on the project, EA Los Angeles, went on with ''.[27]
''Daikatana''
Main articles: Daikatana
The game, originally announced in March 1997, met with numerous delays and fracturing within development studio Ion Storm before finally being released in April 2000. The game has since been known as one of the major commercial failures of the computer game industry.
''Duke Nukem Forever''
Main articles: Duke Nukem Forever
''Forever'' is the sequel to the 3D Realms first-person shooter ''Duke Nukem 3D'' on the PC, which was released in January 1996. ''Forever'' was announced in April 1997 and as of 2007 is currently still in development. The long development period has been put down to lack of manpower early in the project, game engine changes, content remakes and team members leaving during the development. As of 2006, 3D Realms has said they are firmly on track to getting the game into production. They have not set any firm release dates or released new media since 2001, when they stated that ''Forever'' would be released "when it's done", [5] until 2007 when a small in-game screenshot was released by 3D Realms as part of their job advertisement.
Elite 4
'Elite 4' is a video game proposed by Frontier Developments, specifically by David Braben. It can also be written as 'Elite IV'.
It will be a sequel to 1984's ''Elite'', that Braben and his former associate, Ian Bell, wrote primarily for the BBC Micro. Two other sequels, ''Frontier: Elite II'' and ''Frontier: First Encounters'', were released in the 1990s, during which time Braben and Bell had an acrimonious falling out.
Features promised for ''Elite 4'' include Newtonian gravity, realistic star systems and the ability to land on planets.
''Elite 4'' is considered by many to be Vaporware, meaning it looks unlikely that it will ever appear. It was first proposed back in 1998, and while many games these days can take several years to complete (for example, ''Frontier'' took five-and-a-half-years) there have been no formal previews, screenshots, press releases or progress reports released for ''Elite 4''. A pair of character screenshots, technical background on a real-time animation system, and a brief discussion of its implications for character nuance, were included in an Edge magazine feature on animation circa 2000. Since then, the only details about the game provided by the developers are found in a brief FAQ on Frontier Development's site which does not appear to have been updated since 2001.
In September 2005, play.com had a pre-order form for Elite 4, listed as scheduled for release in September 2006. [6] However, Frontier Developments informed a fansite that play.com's release date was merely speculation on their behalf and that no release date had been formally given. [7] ''Elite'' fans have, at least, taken some joy that this incident and Frontier Development's response implies the game is still in serious production.
Some consider the spiritual successor to Elite to be the MMO EVE Online.
''Fallout 3''
An early version of Fallout 3 codenamed ''Van Buren'' was developed by Black Isle Studios in 2003. After Interplay Entertainment, the publisher of the Fallout game series and owner of Black Isle, declared bankruptcy, ''Van Buren'' was canceled and the rights to Fallout 3 were sold to Bethesda Softworks, the creators of The Elder Scrolls series. No details emerged on the project until June 2007 when a teaser trailer was released.
''Jazz Jackrabbit 3''
(also known as 'Jazz Jackrabbit 3D' or 'Jazz3D' because of its step forward from 2D to 3D-graphics)
The awaited sequel for Epic Games' popular platform-shooter ''Jazz Jackrabbit 2'' was developed by World Tree Games using the new Unreal Engine at that time around 1999. Epic Games tried hard to find publishers but failed, and in May 2000 the project was canceled. Since then the early alpha build of the game has been leaked onto the Internet. Furthermore an official FAQ has been published on the internet on the developers' behalf on Jazz2Online.com.
However, a potential revival of the game is under planning. Cliff Bleszinski has announced that he's still interested in offering the project for sponsoring by publishers.[28] Although he doesn't want to reveal too many details about the game, he has announced a potential idea could be the hero Jazz Jackrabbit getting in trouble with the Turtle Mafia.
''Prey''
Main articles: Prey (video game)
''Prey'' has seen several attempts of complete rewrites starting in 1995, right after 3D Realms finished ''Rise of the Triad''. The main developers always left for different reasons, with the self-made engines turning out to be troublesome [8]. The last incarnation by Human Head Studios with the licensed Doom 3 engine has been successful, releasing the game in 2006, eleven years later with positive reviews.
''Shenmue III''
This game has been in developmental Hell since the fall of the Dreamcast in 2002. The series has suffered the same fate. It is one of the few games in developmental hell to be a direct story-driven sequel in which the previous installment (Shenmue 2) left the player with the story unfinished (ie: "to be continued"). Sega has made little mention of this sequel, as it was originally planned on the Xbox and industry focus has shifted to the Xbox 360. Many fans feel betrayed by Sega for leaving them with an unfinished story without closure or even climax.
''Skies of Arcadia 2''
Since Sega announced a development plan in 2003 for PS2...there was a under the radar ancipition for it coming out. Some speculation says it would be in development for Wii, because Skies of Arcadia Legends came out for Gamecube.
''S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl''
Main articles: S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl
''S.T.A.L.K.E.R.'' was first announced in late 2001 and its original release date in 2003 was pushed back several times. It was released in March 2007.
Taikodom
Taikodom after much hype and a open beta release, got the release postponed, and the production re-started, nearly from scratch, after a bad player reception.
Team Fortress 2
Team Fortress 2 has been in development since 1998 and is currently planned to release sometime in the second half of 2007.
Metroid Dread
Metroid Dread is a possible sequel to Metroid Fusion for the DS. It was announced in 2005
Automobiles
The term "development hell" has also been applied to automobiles - not for concept cars, but for vehicles that either were being developed for production but never produced, or for vehicles which went through many delays before being produced.
===Dodge Durango Hybrid===
In 2000, DaimlerChrysler said that they started development on a hybrid version of the Dodge Durango, just after the release of the Honda Insight and the Toyota Prius. Dodge claimed that it will have a conventional gas engine powering the rear wheels, and an electric motor powering the front wheels. Tech Stuff: Dodge Durango Hybrid Dodge originally claimed that it was to be released in 2003, but it never was. Instead, they released a redesigned Durango. The second-generation's hybrid version is slated to go on sale for the 2009 model year.
===1998 Eagle Vision===
When Chrysler set to redesign its LH cars, they redesigned the Eagle Vision using a nearly different body and components than the Dodge Intrepid and Chrysler Concorde. However, the Eagle Vision was discontinued in 1997, and the Eagle brand was cut in 1998, the same year that the new LH platform cars were released.
As a result, the 1998 Eagle Vision fell into development hell, and sat unreleased. It escaped in 1999, when it was released as the Chrysler 300M.
===Ford Ecostar===
During the fad for electric vehicles in the nineties, Ford was developing an electric vehicle called the Ecostar, which was based off of the Ford Escort. TODAY in Ford history: Feb 3
Although Chrysler and General Motors released their electric vehicles to the public, the Chrysler TEVan and General Motors EV1, respectively, the Ecostar dropped out of public sight as Ford focused on other projects and still hasn't been released.
Ford GN-34
Ford began a project in the mid 1980s to build a 2 seater "fun car", which was to compete with the Pontiac Fiero and Toyota MR2. SHO N' Tell Ford had jointly developed an engine for this car with Yamaha, which they locked in a deal with to produce. However, by the late 80s, popularity for the "fun" cars decreased dramatically, and Ford abandoned the project. To use up the engines, Ford put them into the Ford Taurus, thus creating the high performance SHO model.
Ford Mustang III
With fox bodied Mustang sales dropping, Ford decided to replace the rear-wheel drive Mustang with an aerodynamic front-wheel driven model. Ford Probe History Ford jointly developed the model with Mazda. Ford planned to release it in 1987, but when it was ready for release, Ford was met with many letters of protest from Mustang fans. As a result, Ford continued production of the rear-wheel drive Mustang, and the Mustang III fell into development hell. The Mustang III escaped development hell in 1989, when it was released as the Probe (a named borrowed from an earlier Ford concept vehicle). The Probe proved largely unsuccessful (despite a redesign in 1994 with more power), and was cut by 1997 (with annual sales hovering around 50,000-60,000 units). The Mustang (in traditional RWD form) continues in production and has recently enjoyed a healthy sales increase thanks to major refresh (on the old platform) in 1994 and 1999, and a complete (retro-themed) redesign in 2005 on a new platform (still front engine, RWD).
===Jeep Grand Cherokee===
The Jeep Grand Cherokee was originally under development by American Motors as early as 1983 as a replacement for the Jeep Cherokee. 1993-2004 Jeep Grand Cherokee Development was done by 1987, and when then Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca first heard about it, he desperately wanted it, as well as the Jeep brand. As a result, this became the driving force behind a Chrysler buyout of American Motors in 1987. Chrysler originally planned to release the Grand Cherokee in 1988, but Iacocca ordered instead for the Dodge Caravan and Plymouth Voyager to be redesigned, and as a result, Chrysler couldn't put the Grand Cherokee into production due to a lack of corporate funds. Because of this, the Grand Cherokee fell into development hell until it was finally released in 1993. The Grand Cherokee turned out to be a resounding success, and is still in production today.
===Mercury Sable LTS===
With the release of models such as the Buick LeSabre T-Type and the Oldsmobile Touring Sedan, Mercury was developing a luxury touring model to compete with them. This model was to be called the Mercury Sable LTS, and it was to use the suspension, interior, and drivetrain of the Ford Taurus SHO, but not the engine. 50th Anniversery Sable As a test bed for this model, a special edition 50th anniversery Sable was released with the with the chassis and drivetrain of the LTS. However, the Taurus SHO turned out to sell more than Ford expected, so they focused most of their funds towards selling and marketing the SHO, and the LTS fell into development hell. The LTS escaped in 1994 when it was added as a top tier model of Sable. However, it was more or less composed of features that were optional on the Sable LS.
===Vector W2===
The Vector W2 was first displayed in 1978 by Vector Supercars, which was the effort of entrepreneur Gerald Wiegert to sell an American made supercar. The original W2 prototype was an engineless shell, but it was mobile and production-ready by 1982. Wiegert intended to produce the W2, but never had the money to do it. As a result, the W2 fell into development hell, until it was produced as the Vector W8 ten years later.
See also
★ Shelved
★ Film production
★ Vaporware
Sources
1. "Interactive development: The new hell," Marx, Andy. Variety. New York: Feb 28, 1994.Vol.354, Iss. 4; pg. 1
2. "How My Novel Was Almost 'Developed' Into Oblivion," By WARREN ADLER, New York Times. New York, N.Y.: Oct 3, 1999. p. AR11
3. "Cover Story: Writers Paid for Movies Never Made," Spillman, Susan. USA TODAY. McLean, Va.: Jan 16, 1991. pg. D1
4. "Dept. of development hell," Kerrie Mitchell. Premiere. (American edition). New York: Feb 2005.Vol.18, Iss. 5; pg. 40
5. "Development hell," Geoffrey Macnab. Sight and Sound. London: Sep 2004.Vol.14, Iss. 9; pg. 4
6. "Dog days in development hell," Peter Bart. Variety. New York: Aug 28-Sep 3, 2000.Vol.380, Iss. 2; pg. 4
7. "Books Into Movies: Part 2," Warren, Patricia Nell. Lambda Book Report. Washington: Apr 2000.Vol.8, Iss. 9; pg. 9. (Best selling novel The Front Runner has spent over 25 years in development hell)
8. "Movies: You've Read the Book... --- Now Watch the Movie Rot in Development Hell," By John Lippman. Wall Street Journal. (Eastern edition). New York, N.Y.: May 10, 1999. pg. B.1
9. " I know what you're doing next summer, Mr. Studio Executive," Bart, Peter. GQ : Gentlemen's Quarterly. New York: Mar 1999.Vol.69, Iss. 3; pg. 151. ("the strange process known as development hell")
10. "Development Hell," Horowitz, Joy. American Film. New York: Nov 1987.Vol.13, Iss. 2; pg. 53 (The novella "Forever" has spent over 50 years in development hell.)
11. "Gwen Verdon remembered," Mark Steyn. The Spectator. London: Oct 28, 2000.Vol.285, Iss. 8986; pg. 71.(Chicago spent years in "the circles of development hell.")
12. Progress reports on ''Ender's Game'', last update March 22, 2006
13. "In the picture," [Echofeat Edition]Steve Pratt. Northern Echo. Darlington (UK): Aug 18, 2000. pg. 13
14. "'Phantom' finally unmasks," Anonymous. Variety. New York: Dec 13-Dec 19, 2004.Vol.397, Iss. 4; pg. 59 (".. a decade-plus of development hell..")
15. IMDb
16. "Maguire weaves sticky web," Anonymous. Variety. New York: Apr 21-Apr 27, 2003.Vol.390, Iss. 10; pg. 5(Superman was stalled in development hell when they couldn't select a lead)
17. "'Superman Returns' directed by Man of Ideals: A fan since childhood, Bryan Singer continues story of hero his way,"
George M. Thomas. The Akron Beacon Journal, Ohio, distributed by Knight Ridder Tribune Business News. Washington: Jun 30, 2006. pg. 1. ("stuck in a decade of development hell")
18. http://movies.ign.com/articles/036/036880p1.html
19. http://movies.ign.com/articles/301/301958p1.html
20. http://movies.ign.com/articles/379/379178p1.html
21. http://movies.ign.com/articles/379/379178p1.html
22. http://movies.ign.com/articles/428/428082p1.html
23. http://www.themovieblog.com/archives/2005/03/spawn_2_in_development.html
24. http://www.comics2film.com/FanFrame.php?f_id=16942
25. http://www.angelfire.com/space/u_line/steven.htm
26. http://www.variety.com/VR1117964927.html
27. The Next C&C Game: A Red Alert Title!
28. http://www.g4tv.com/g4tv/episodes/4306/Summer_Better_Than_Others.html
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