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(Redirected from Dimerization)
In chemistry, a 'dimer' refers to a molecule composed of two identical subunits or monomers linked together.
The molecules in a dimer are connected with a dicovalent bond or more weak interactions such as hydrogen bond. An example of the former is dicyclopentadiene, which is a dimer of cyclopentadiene. It can refer to halide chemistry, involving halogen bonding. Its more common usage refers to dimers as certain types of sugar: sucrose, for example, is a dimer of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule.
A 'physical dimer' is a term that designates the case where intermolecular interaction brings two identical molecules closer together than other molecules. There are no covalent bonds between the physical dimer molecules. Acetic acid is such a case where hydrogen bonds provide the interaction. The water dimer is another dimer of interest, used for modeling hydrogen bonding in water.
In biochemistry and molecular biology, dimers of macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids are often observed. The dimerization of identical subunits is called 'homodimerization', the dimerization of different subunits or unrelated monomers is called 'heterodimerization'. Most dimers in biochemistry are not connected by covalent bonds with the exception of disulfide bridges.
An example of this would be the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is made of two different amino acid chains.
★ Nucleic acids:
★
★ DNA
★ Proteins:
★
★ Antibodies
★
★ Protein kinases:
★
★
★ Receptor tyrosine kinases
★
★ Transcription factors
★
★
★ Leucine zipper motif proteins
★
★
★ Nuclear receptors
★
★ 14-3-3 proteins
★
★ G protein-coupled receptors
★
★ G protein βγ-subunit dimer
★
★ Kinesin
★
★ Triosephosphateisomerase (TIM)
★
★ Alcohol dehydrogenase
★
★ Factor XI
★
★ Factor XIII
★
★ Toll-like receptor
★
★ Fibrinogen
★ Monomer
★ Trimer
★ Oligomer
★ Polymer
★ Reverse transcriptase
★ Homo and hetero dimeric proteins
Sucrose, or common table sugar, is composed of glucose and fructose.
Dimers of carboxylic acids are often found in vapor phase.
In chemistry, a 'dimer' refers to a molecule composed of two identical subunits or monomers linked together.
| Contents |
| Chemistry |
| Biochemistry |
| Examples |
| See also |
| External links |
Chemistry
The molecules in a dimer are connected with a dicovalent bond or more weak interactions such as hydrogen bond. An example of the former is dicyclopentadiene, which is a dimer of cyclopentadiene. It can refer to halide chemistry, involving halogen bonding. Its more common usage refers to dimers as certain types of sugar: sucrose, for example, is a dimer of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule.
A 'physical dimer' is a term that designates the case where intermolecular interaction brings two identical molecules closer together than other molecules. There are no covalent bonds between the physical dimer molecules. Acetic acid is such a case where hydrogen bonds provide the interaction. The water dimer is another dimer of interest, used for modeling hydrogen bonding in water.
Biochemistry
In biochemistry and molecular biology, dimers of macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids are often observed. The dimerization of identical subunits is called 'homodimerization', the dimerization of different subunits or unrelated monomers is called 'heterodimerization'. Most dimers in biochemistry are not connected by covalent bonds with the exception of disulfide bridges.
An example of this would be the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which is made of two different amino acid chains.
Examples
★ Nucleic acids:
★
★ DNA
★ Proteins:
★
★ Antibodies
★
★ Protein kinases:
★
★
★ Receptor tyrosine kinases
★
★ Transcription factors
★
★
★ Leucine zipper motif proteins
★
★
★ Nuclear receptors
★
★ 14-3-3 proteins
★
★ G protein-coupled receptors
★
★ G protein βγ-subunit dimer
★
★ Kinesin
★
★ Triosephosphateisomerase (TIM)
★
★ Alcohol dehydrogenase
★
★ Factor XI
★
★ Factor XIII
★
★ Toll-like receptor
★
★ Fibrinogen
See also
★ Monomer
★ Trimer
★ Oligomer
★ Polymer
External links
★ Reverse transcriptase
★ Homo and hetero dimeric proteins
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