JOHANN PETER GUSTAV LEJEUNE DIRICHLET

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'Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet' (February 13, 1805 – May 5, 1859) was a German mathematician credited with the modern "formal" definition of a function.
His family hailed from the town of Richelette in Belgium, from which his surname "Lejeune Dirichlet" ("''le jeune de Richelette''", French for "the young chap from Richelette") was derived. That was also where his grandfather lived.
Dirichlet was born in Düren, where his father was the postmaster. He was educated in Germany, and then France, where he learnt from many of the most renowned mathematicians of the day. He also learned from Georg Ohm. His first paper was on Fermat's last theorem comprised of a partial proof for the case $n\; =\; 5$, which was completed by Adrien-Marie Legendre, who was one of the referees. Dirichlet also completed his own proof almost at the same time; he later also produced a full proof for the case $n\; =\; 14$.
In 1831, he married Rebecca Henriette Mendelssohn Bartholdy, who came from a distinguished family of converts from Judaism to Christianity; she was a granddaughter of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn, daughter of Abraham Mendelssohn Bartholdy and a sister of the composers Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy and Fanny Mendelssohn.
Ferdinand Eisenstein, Leopold Kronecker, and Rudolf Lipschitz were his students. After his death, Dirichlet's lectures and other results in number theory were collected, edited and published by his friend and fellow mathematician Richard Dedekind under the title ''Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie'' (''Lectures on Number Theory'').

★ Theorems named ''Dirichlet's theorem'':

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★ Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions (number theory, specifically prime numbers)

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★ Dirichlet's theorem on diophantine approximation (number theory and aproximation)

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★ Dirichlet's unit theorem (algebraic number theory and rings)

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See also

External links

See also

★ Dirichlet characters (number theory, specifically Zeta and L-functions. 1831)

★ Dirichlet conditions (Fourier transform)

★ Dirichlet convolution (number theory and Arithmetic functions)

★ Dirichlet density (number theory)

★ Dirichlet distribution (probability theory)

★ Dirichlet form

★ Dirichlet kernel (functional analysis, Fourier series)

★ Dirichlet problem (partial differential equations)

★ Dirichlet series (analytic number theory)

★ Dirichlet's test (analysis)

★ Dirichlet tessellation, also called a Voronoi diagram (geometry)

★ Dirichlet boundary condition (differential equations)

★ Dirichlet function (topology)

★ Pigeonhole principle (combinatorics)

★ Dirichlet divisor problem (currently unsolved) (Number theory)

★ Dirichlet eta function (Number theory)

★ Latent Dirichlet Allocation

External links

★ The Life and Work of Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet (1805–1859) by Jürgen Elstrodt.

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★ Dirichlet, Johann Peter Gustav Lejeune, ''Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie. Braunschweig'', 1863. "''Number Theory for the Millennium''".

★ Biography of Dirichlet found at Fermat's Last Theorem Blog.